sighatica

sciatica

somnambalism

somnambulism

a collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain

A cranial hematoma is a collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain ( hemat means blood, and -oma means tumor).

a condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the ventricles of the brain

Hydrocephalus is a condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the ventricles of the brain ( hydr/o means water, cephal means head, and -us is a singular noun ending).

a group of disorders involving the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language and is marked by progressive deterioration

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a group of disorders involving the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language. It is the leading form of dementia and is marked by progressive deterioration that affects both the memory and reasoning capabilities of an individual.

an abnormal growth located inside the skull

A brain tumor is an abnormal growth located inside the skull.

brain damage that occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted because a blood vessel is either blocked or has ruptured

A cerebrovascular accident, otherwise known as a CVA, is brain damage that occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted because a blood vessel is either blocked or has ruptured.

test that detects the changes in blood flow to the brain while performing tasks.

A functional MRI (fMRI) is a test that detects changes in blood flow in the brain when the patient is asked to perform a specific task.

something to depress the central nervous system to produce sleep.

A hypnotic medication depresses the central nervous system and usually produces sleep.

neurological procedure used in the treatment of dystonia, tremors, and Parkinson’s disease.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical procedure used in the treatment of dystonia, tremors, and Parkinson’s disease.

regional anesthesia through the injection of medication into the epidural space of the spine.

Epidural anesthesia is regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the epidural space of the lumbar or sacral region of the spine.

procedure that uses a contrast medium with a fluoroscopic and CT study of the spinal cord.

Myelography is a fluoroscopic and CT study of the spinal cord after the injection of a contrast medium through a lumbar puncture ( myel/o means spinal cord, and -graphy means the process of producing a picture or record).

What is a lumbar puncture?

A lumbar puncture (LP), also known as a spinal tap, is the process of obtaining a sample of cerebrospinal fluid by inserting a needle into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar region to withdraw fluid.

How would you describe an electroencephalography?

An electroencephalography (EEG) is the process of recording the electrical activity of the brain through the use of electrodes attached to the scalp ( electr/o means electric, encephal/o means brain, and -graphy means the process of producing a picture or record).

What is an anticonvulsant?

An anticonvulsant is a medication administered to prevent seizures such as those associated with epilepsy.

The nurse is calling to schedule a radiofrequency ablation. How would you best describe this procedure?

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), also known as rhizotomy, is a minimally invasive procedure that relieves chronic nerve pain by burning part of the nerves, preventing the transmission of pain signals.

The nurse mentioned gamma knife surgery. Which of the following best describes this process?

Gamma knife surgery is a type of radiation treatment for brain tumors performed without a knife or an incision.

Select word parts from the selection menus below to construct the correct medical term for the definition.

Clue: a tumor of the spinal cord

Myelosis is a tumor of the spinal cord (MYEL means spinal cord and bone marrow, and -OSIS means abnormal condition)

Select word parts from the selection menus below to construct the correct medical term for the definition.

Clue: the loss of the ability to speak, write, or comprehend the written or spoken word

Aphasia is the loss of the ability to speak, write, or comprehend the written or spoken word (A- means without, and -PHASIA means speech).

Select word parts from the selection menus below to construct the correct medical term for the definition.

Clue: a disorder consisting of sudden brief episodes of falling asleep during the day

Narcolepsy is a disorder consisting of sudden, brief episodes of falling asleep during the day (NARC/O means stupor, and -LEPSY means seizure).

Persistent, severe burning pain that usually follows an injury to a sensory nerve is known as ---.

Causalgia is persistent, severe burning pain that usually follows an injury to a sensory nerve (CAUS means burning, and -ALGIA means pain).

A drug that depresses the central nervous system and usually produces sleep is classified as a/an ---.

hypnotic

A/An --- disorder is characterized by recurring anxiety and excessive worry that physical illness may be present.

illness anxiety

During childbirth, --- anesthesia is administered to numb the nerves from the uterus and birth passage without stopping labor.

epidural

The condition known as --- is a rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles.

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Harvey Ikeman has mood shifts from highs to severe lows that affect his attitude, energy, and ability to function. Harvey’s doctor describes this condition as --- disorder.

bipolar

In an auto accident, Anthony DeNicola hit his head on the windshield. The paramedics were concerned that this jarring of the brain had caused a/an --- .

concussion

A --- attack is the temporary interruption in the blood supply to the brain.

transient ischemic

The term thalamotomy means ---.

Thalamotomy means surgical incision into the thalamus (THALAM means thalamus, and -OTOMY means surgical incision).

Mary Beth Cawthorn was diagnosed as having --- . This progressive autoimmune disorder is characterized by inflammation that causes demyelination of the myelin sheath.

Multiple sclerosis

Jill Beck said she fainted. The medical term for this brief loss of consciousness caused by a decreased flow of blood to the brain is ---.

syncope

After several months of being unable to sleep well, Wayne Ladner visited his doctor about this problem. His doctor recorded this condition as being --- .

Insomnia is the prolonged or abnormal inability to sleep (IN- means without, SOMN means sleep, and -IA means abnormal condition).

What was formerly known as multiple personality disorder and is characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personalities?

Dissociative identity disorder

Which of the following options describes electroencephalography?

process of recording the electrical activity of the brain through the use of electrodes attached to the scalp (ELECTR/O means electric, ENCEPHAL/O means brain, and -GRAPHY means process of producing a picture or record).

What does the suffix -ESTHESIA means in the term paresthesia?

sensation or feeling

Which of the following is a psychotic disorder usually characterized by withdrawal from reality?

Schizophrenia

Which of the following is the thick, tough, outermost membrane of the meninges?

dura mater

What term describes nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region?

Cervical radiculopathy is nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region (RADICUL/O means nerve root, and -PATHY means disease).

Which disorder is a seasonal bout of depression associated with the decreased hours of daylight during winter months?

seasonal affective disorder

What type of medication is administered to temporarily relieve anxiety and reduce tension?

An anxiolytic drug is administered to temporarily relieve anxiety and reduce tension (ANXI/O means anxiety, and -LYTIC means to destroy).

What type of therapy is based on the idea that mental disorders have underlying causes stemming from childhood?

psychoanalysis

Which of the following options describes a reflex?

A reflex is an automatic, involuntary response to some change, either inside or outside the body.