front 1
| back 1 oxygenation of the atmosphere |
front 2 Which characteristic is shared by prokaryotes and eukaryotes? | back 2 DNA based genome |
front 3 Mitochondria most likely evolved by | back 3 endosymbiosis |
front 4 which of these protists is believed to have evolved following a secondary endosymbiosis | back 4 chlorarachniophytes |
front 5 In 2016, scientists published the genome of Monocercomonoides, and demonstrated that this organism has no detectable mitochondrial genes. However, its genome was arranged in linear chromosomes wrapped around histones which are contained within the nucleus. Monocercomonoides is therefore a(n) _ | back 5 Eukaryote |
front 6 Which of the following observations about a bacterium would distinguish it from the last eukaryotic common ancestor | back 6 lack of membrane bound structure surrounding the genome |
front 7 protists that have a pellicle are surrounded by _________. | back 7 proteins |
front 8 Protists with the capabilities to perform photosynthesis and to absorb nutrients from dead organisms are called | back 8 saprobes |
front 9 Which of these locomotor organs would likely be the shortest? | back 9 cilium |
front 10 Alternation of generations describes which of the following | back 10 both haploid and diploid forms are muticellular |
front 11 The amoeba E. histolytica is a pathogen that forms liver abscesses in infected individuals. Its metabolic classification is most likely ______. | back 11 anaerobic heterotroph |
front 12 Which protist group exhibits mitochondrial remnants with reduced functionality? | back 12 parabasilids |
front 13 Conjugation between two Paramecia produces ________ total daughter cells. | back 13 8 |
front 14 what is the function of the raphe in diatoms? | back 14 locomotion |
front 15 What genus of protists appears to contradict the statement that unicellular restricts cell size | back 15 Caulerpa |
front 16 An example of carbon fixation is ____ | back 16 photosynthesis |
front 17 Which parasitic protist evades the host immune system by altering its surface proteins with each generation | back 17 Trypanosoma brucei |
front 18 which of the following is not a way that protists contribute to the food web | back 18 they occupy the apex producer niche |
front 19 A marine biologist analyzing water samples notices a protist with a calcium carbonate shell that moves by pseudopodia extension. The protist is likely to be closely related to which species? | back 19 ammonia tepida |
front 20 Which polysaccharide is usually found in the cell wall of fungi | back 20 chitin |
front 21 Which of these organelles is not found in a fungal cell | back 21 chloroplast |
front 22 The wall dividing individual cell in a fungal filament is called a | back 22 septum |
front 23 During sexual reproduction, a homothallic mycelium contains | back 23 both mating types |
front 24 The life cycles of perfect fungi are most similar to which another organism | back 24 haploid dominant green algae |
front 25 The most primitive phylum of fungi is the ___________. | back 25 Chytridiomycota |
front 26 Members of which phylum establishes a successful symbiotic relationship with the roots of trees. | back 26 glomeromycota |
front 27 Members of which phylum produce a clubshaped structure that contains spores | back 27 basidiomycota |
front 28 The fungi that do not reproduce sexually used to be classified as | back 28 deuteromycota |
front 29 A scientist discovers a new species of fungus that introduces genetic diversity during reproduction by creating a diploid zygote. This new species cannot belong to which modern phylum of fungi | back 29 deuteromycota |
front 30 What term described the close association of fungus with the root of tree | back 30 a mycorrhiza |
front 31 why are fungi important decomposers? | back 31 they recycle carbon and inorganic minerals by the process of decomposition |
front 32 Consider an ecosystem where all the fungi not involved in mycorrhizae are eliminated. How would this affect nitrogen intake by plants? | back 32 nitrogen intake would decrease |
front 33 A fungal infection that affects nails and skin is classified as | back 33 systemic mycosis |
front 34 A fungus that climbs up a tree reaching higher elevation to release its spores in the wind and does not receive any nutrients from the tree or contribute to the tree’s welfare is described as a | back 34 commensal |
front 35 The targets for anti-fungal drugs are much more limited than antibiotics or anti-viral medications. Why? | back 35 human cells are much more similar to fungi than bacteria or viruses |
front 36 Yeast is a facultative anaerobe. This means that alcohol fermentation takes place only if | back 36 the atmosphere does not contain oxygen |
front 37 The advantage of yeast cells over bacterial cells to express human proteins is that | back 37 yeast cells are eukaryotic and modify proteins similar to human cells |
front 38 Why are fungal insecticides an attractive alternative to chemical pesticides for growing food crops | back 38 Human consumption of fungal insecticides would not make a person sick, but ingestion of chemical pesticides can be harmful to humans |
front 39 The first forms of life on Earth were though to be the _________________ | back 39 prokaryotes |
front 40 Microbial mats _______ | back 40 all of the above |
front 41 The first organisms that oxygenated the atmosphere were | back 41 cyanobacteria |
front 42 Halophiles are organisms that require _______. | back 42 a salt concentration of at least 0.2M |
front 43 Many of the first prokaryotes to be cultured in a scientific lab were human or animal pathogens. Why would these species be more readily cultured than non-pathogenic prokaryotes? | back 43 most of the necessary culture conditions could be inferred for pathogenic prokaryotes |
front 44 The presence of a membrane-enclosed nucleus is a characteristic of ______________. | back 44 eukaryotic cells |
front 45 Which of the following consist of prokaryotic cells | back 45 bacteria and archaea |
front 46 The cell wall is ________. | back 46 exterior to the cell membrane |
front 47 Organisms most likely to be found in extreme environments are | back 47 archaea |
front 48 Prokaryotes stain as gram-positive or gram negative because of differences in the cell | back 48 wall |
front 49 Pseudopeptidoglycan is a characteristic of the walls of ________. | back 49 Archaean prokaryotic cells |
front 50 The lipopolysaccharide layer (LPS) is a characteristic of the wall of | back 50 Gram negative bacteria |
front 51 Which of the following elements is not a micronutrient | back 51 boron |
front 52 Prokaryotes that obtain their energy from chemical compounds are called | back 52 chemotrophs |
front 53 Ammonification is the process by which __________. | back 53 ammonia is releases during the decomposition of nitrogen containing organic compounds |
front 54 Plants use carbon dioxide from the air and are therefore called | back 54 producers |
front 55 cyanobacteria harness energy from the sun through photosynthesis and oxidize water to provide electrons for energy generation. Thus, we classify cyanobacteria as | back 55 photoautotrophs |
front 56 A disease that is constantly present in a population is called | back 56 endemic |
front 57 Which of the statements about biofilms is incorrect | back 57 biofilms are considered responsible for diseases such as cystic fibrosis. |
front 58 Which of these statements is true | back 58 . an antibiotic is any substance produced by a organism that is antagonistic to the growth of the prokaryotes |
front 59 A person in England arrives at a medical clinic with a fever and swollen lymph nodes shortly after returning from a visit to New Mexico. For which bacteria should the doctor test the patient? | back 59 Salmonella enterica |
front 60 In addition to providing yogurt its unique flavor and texture, lactic acid-producing bacteria also provide which additional benefit during food production | back 60 breaking down lactose for lactose intolerant individuals |
front 61 Which of these occurs through symbiotic nitrogen fixation | back 61 all of the above |
front 62 Synthetic compounds found in an organism but not normally produced or expected to be present in that organism are called _______. | back 62 xenobiotics or c. recalcitrant compounds |
front 63 . MRSA has emerged as a serious infectious disease, with the first case of methicillin resistant S. aureus being detected in 1961. Why are medical professional so concerned when antibiotic exist that can kill MSRA | back 63 . MSRA could acquire additional antibiotic resistance genes form other bacteria to become a super bug |
front 64 Bioremediation includes _______. | back 64 . the use of prokaryotes to clean up pollutants |
front 65 Which statement is true | back 65 Viruses are ACELLULAR |
front 66 The viral ______ play(s) a role in attaching a virion to the host cell | back 66 BOTH the capsid and the envelope |
front 67 Viruses ______. | back 67 VARY in shape |
front 68 The observation that the bacteria genus Chlamydia contains species that can only survive as intracellular parasites supports which viral origin hypothesis | back 68 PROGRESSIVE viral origin hypothesis |
front 69 A scientist discovers a new virus with a linear, RNA genome surrounded by a helical capsid. The virus is most likely a member of which family based on structure classification | back 69 . Rabies virus |
front 70 Which statement is NOT true of viral replication | back 70 A lysogenic cycle kills the host cell |
front 71 Which statement is TRUE of viral replication | back 71 during attachment, the virus attaches to specific sites on the cell surface. |
front 72 Which statement is true of reverse transcriptase | back 72 It transcribes RNA to make DNA |
front 73 Oncogenic viruses cores can be- | back 73 either RNA or DNA |
front 74 Which is true of DNA viruses | back 74 they use the host cell’s machinery to produce new copies of their genome. |
front 75 A bacteriophage can infect__________ | back 75 bacteria |
front 76 People with the CCR5Δ32 mutation of a T-cell surface protein can be exposed to some strains of HIV-1 without becoming sick. What step of the virus life cycle is likely to be inhibited with this mutation? | back 76 attachment |
front 77 AN apple grower notices that several of his apple trees with fungi growing on their trunks have developed necrotic ring spots, while other trees in the orchard that lack fungi appear healthy. Hats is the most likely conclusion the farmer can make about the virus infecting his apple trees | back 77 The apple trees were infected by horizontal transmission. |
front 78 Which of the following is NOT used to treat active viral disease | back 78 antibiotics |
front 79 Vaccines | back 79 stimulate an immune response |
front 80 A patient presents at the clinic with an acute viral infection. Assays that analyze the viral lifecycle classify the virus into Group V with a segmented genome. Which virus is the most likely diagnosis for the patient | back 80 rabies virus |
front 81 Which of the following is not associated with prions | back 81 DNA |
front 82 Which statement is true of viroids | back 82 They are single-stranded RNA particles |