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Viewing:

Ch. 13

front 1

Meninges

back 1

connective tissues surround spinal cord and brain

front 2

What are the layers of the meninges?

back 2

-Dura Mater: dense irregular connective tissue
-Arachnoid layer: avascular; delicate collagen and elastic fibers; looks like a spiderweb
-Pia Mater: thin transparent connective tissue; adheres to brain or spinal cord; composed of collagen and elastic fibers; vascular

front 3

What are the spaces between the meninges?

back 3

-Epidural space: above the dura mater; filled with fat and connective tissue
-Subdural space: filled with interstitial fluid
-Subarachnoid space: filled with cerebrospinal fluid

front 4

List the layers of the meninges along with the spaces in the meninges.

back 4

-Bone
-Epidural Space: filled with fat and connective tissue
-Dura Mater: dense irregular connective tissue
-Subdural Space: filled with interstitial fluid
-Arachnoid layer: avascular; delicate collagen and elastic fibers; looks like a spiderweb
-Subarachnoid space: filled with cerebrospinal fluid
-Pia Mater: thin transparent connective tissue; adheres to brain or spinal cord; composed of collagen and elastic fibers; vascular

front 5

From what to what does the spinal cord extend to?

back 5

from the Medulla to the level of L2

front 6

What is the Conus Medullaris?

back 6

The tapering of the spinal cord at the L2 location

front 7

Cauda Equina

back 7

"horse's tail" which forms the inferior of spinal cord; made of pia mater

front 8

Where are the enlargements of the spinal cord?

back 8

C4-T1 for upper limbs; T9-T12 for lower limbs

front 9

What is the deep, wide, groove in the ventral surface?

back 9

Anterior Median Fissure

front 10

What is the shallow narrow groove on dorsal side?

back 10

Posterior Median Sulcus

front 11

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

back 11

31 pairs

front 12

What are the the roots of the spinal cord?

back 12

-where axons connect spinal cord to nerves
-posterior sensory root
-anterior motor root

front 13

What are a group of myelinated axons called when inside the CNS and when outside the CNS?

back 13

-Group of myelinated axons inside the CNS= Tract/Column (one way street)
-Group of myelinated axons outside the CNS= Nerve (two way street)

front 14

Describe the Dorsal and Ventral horns of gray matter in the spinal cord

back 14

Dorsal: somatic and autonomic sensory nuclei (comes into the spinal column)
Ventral: cell bodies for skeletal muscle (going out of the spinal cord, to the effectors)

front 15

Describe the Lateral horns of the gray matter of the spinal cord

back 15

Only in the thoracic, upper lumbar and sacral regions; cell bodies of autonomic (involuntary) motor neurons for smooth, cardiac, and glandular tissue. Not in lower lumbar and cervical.

front 16

Gray Commissure

back 16

Forms the small little bit of gray matter above and below the central canal

front 17

Describe Ascending tracts and Descending tracts

back 17

Ascending (sensory) tracts: always bring information up from the body to the CNS
Descending (motor) tracts: always send information from the CNS down to the body

front 18

What are the types of Sensory tracts??

back 18

- Spinothalamic: lateral and anterior; pain, temperature, crude touch, and deep pressure (not very distinct)
- Posterior column tract: right and left; body position, discriminative touch, two-point discrimination; light pressure and vibration (more precise)

front 19

What are the types of Motor tracts?

back 19

- Direct: travel directly from the brain to the skeletal muscle for very precise, voluntary movement
- Indirect: impulses from brain stem and brain for automatic movements, muscle tone (take an indirect route throughout the body)

front 20

What are Association neurons?

back 20

neurons that integrate sensory input to all parts of the CNS