Female progressives often justified their reformist political activities on the basis of

a.

the need to assert female power against male oppression.

b.

America's need to catch up with more progressive European nations.

c.

women's inherent rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

d.

the harsh treatment of working women by employers.

e.

their being essentially an extension of women's traditional roles as wives and mothers.

E. their being essentially an extension of traditional roles as wives and mothers.

The religious movement that was closely linked to progressivism was

a.

the Young Men's and Young Women's Christian Associations.

b.

the missionary movement.

c.

conservative evangelicalism.

d.

the Social Gospel.

e.

the Catholic Action movement.

D. the Social Gospel.

Match each early-twentieth-century muckraker below with the target of his or her exposé.

A.

David G. Phillips

B.

Ida Tarbell

C.

Lincoln Steffens

D.

Ray Stannard Baker

1.

the United States Senate

2.

the Standard Oil Company

3.

city governments

4.

the condition of blacks

a.

A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

b.

A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1

c.

A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4

d.

A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1

e.

A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3

A

Lincoln Steffens, in his series of articles entitled The Shame of the Cities

a.

exposed the United States Senate as a millionaires' club.

b.

exposed the deplorable condition of blacks in urban areas.

c.

laid bare insider trading practices on the stock market.

d.

uncovered official collusion in prostitution and white slavery.

e.

unmasked the corrupt alliance between big business and municipal government.

E. unmasked the corrupt alliance between big business and municipal government

Most muckrakers believed that their primary function in the progressive attack on social ills was to

a.

formulate a consistent philosophy of social reform.

b.

explain the causes of social ills.

c.

devise solutions to society's problems.

d.

make the public aware of social problems.

e.

link up with movements for social justice.

D. make the public aware of social problems.

The leading progressive organization advocating prohibition of liquor was

a.

the National Consumers League.

b.

Hull House.

c.

the General Federation of Women's Clubs.

d.

the Progressive Party.

e.

the Women's Christian Temperance Union.

E. the Women's Christian Temperance Union

Progressive reformers included which of the following?

a.

Militarists

b.

Pacifists

c.

Female settlement workers

d.

Labor unionists

e.

All of these

E. All of these

The Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution was a key progressive reform designed to

a.

end the corrupt and family-destroying influence of the liquor industry.

b.

make Senators directly elected and end the Senate millionaire's club.

c.

prohibit child labor.

d.

guarantee the secret Australian ballot in all federal elections.

e.

enable the President to be elected directly by the people rather than by the Electoral College.

B. make Senators directly elected and end the Senate millionaire's club.

According to progressives, the cure for all of American democracy's ills was

a.

technical and scientific expertise.

b.

a third political party.

c.

socialism.

d.

a more conservative government.

e.

more democracy.

E. more democracy.

All of the following were prime goals of earnest progressives except

a.

the direct election of senators.

b.

prohibition.

c.

women's suffrage.

d.

ending prostitution and white slavery.

e.

treating women in the workplace exactly the same as men.

E. treating women in the workplace exactly the same as men.

Activists, scholars and politicians mused about why socialism did not take hold in America, giving all of the following as reasons except

a.

American workers' refusal to see themselves as a separate class.

b.

the western frontier provided a safety valve that allowed workers to leave oppressive employers.

c.

law and government policy prevented workers from uniting and protesting.

d.

workers' remarkably high standard of living.

e.

workers had full political economy long before the forces of industrialization developed.

C. law and government policy prevented workers from uniting and protesting.

By 1910, all of the following were true about women's efforts to gain the vote except

a.

Progressives supported the movement.

b.

reformers embraced votes for women as a way to elevate the political tone.

c.

Prohibitionists thought they could count of votes of enfranchised women.

d.

a federal amendment granting the right to vote was about to be passed.

e.

states in the West had gradually extended the vote to women.

D. a federal amendment granting the right to vote was about to be passed.

The settlement house and women's club movements were crucial centers of female progressive activity because they

a.

provided literary and philosophical perspectives on social questions.

b.

broke down the idea that women had special concerns as wives and mothers.

c.

introduced many middle-class women to a broader array of urban social problems and civic concerns.

d.

helped slum children learn to read Dante and Shakespeare.

e.

became the launching pads for women seeking political office.

C. introduced many middle-class women to a broader array of urban social problems and civic concerns.

Which of the following was not among the issues addressed by women in the progressive movement?

a.

Ending special regulations governing women in the workplace

b.

Preventing child labor in factories and sweatshops

c.

Ensuring that food products were healthy and safe

d.

Attacking tuberculosis and other diseases bred in slum tenements

e.

Creating child care subsidies for working mothers with preschool children

A. Ending special regulations governing women in the workplace

In Muller v. Oregon, the Supreme Court upheld the principle promoted by progressives like Florence Kelley and Louis Brandeis that

a.

child labor under the age of fourteen should be prohibited.

b.

the federal government should regulate occupational safety and health.

c.

women's factory labor should be limited to ten hours a day five days a week.

d.

female workers should receive equal pay for equal work.

e.

female workers required special rules and protection on the job.

E. female workers required special rules and protection on the job.

The public outcry after the horrible Triangle Shirtwaist fire led many states to pass

a.

laws requiring mandatory fire escape for all businesses employing more than ten people.

b.

laws prohibiting women from working in the needle trades.

c.

antisweatshop and workers' compensation laws for job injuries.

d.

zoning regulations governing where dangerous industrial factories could be located.

e.

laws guaranteeing unions the right to raise safety concerns.

C. antisweatshop and workers' compensation laws for job injuries.

The case of Lochner v. New York represented a setback for progressives and labor advocates because in its ruling, the Supreme Court

a.

declared a law limiting work to ten hours a day unconstitutional.

b.

declared unconstitutional a law providing special protection for women workers.

c.

declared that prohibiting child labor would require a constitutional amendment.

d.

upheld the constitutionality of a law enabling business to fire labor organizers.

e.

ruled that fire and safety regulations were local and not state or federal concerns..

A. declared a law limiting work to ten hours a day unconstitutional.

Activists in the anti-liquor campaigns saw saloons and alcohol as intimately linked with

a.

prostitution.

b.

drunken voters.

c.

crooked city officials, paid off by liquor companies.

d.

All of these

e.

None of these

D. All of these

The progressive-inspired city-manager system of government

a.

brought democracy to urban dwellers.

b.

was developed in Wisconsin.

c.

was designed to remove politics from municipal administration.

d.

made giant strides under the leadership of Hiram Johnson.

e.

opened urban politics to new immigrants.

C. was designed to remove politics from municipal administration

Progressive reform at the level of city government seemed to indicate that the progressives' highest priority was

a.

democratic participation.

b.

governmental efficiency.

c.

free enterprise.

d.

economic equality.

e.

urban planning.

B. governmental efficiency.

While president, Theodore Roosevelt chose to label his reform proposals as the

a.

Fair Deal.

b.

Big Deal.

c.

Big Stick.

d.

New Deal.

e.

Square Deal.

E. Square Deal

As a part of his reform program, Teddy Roosevelt advocated all of the following except

a.

guaranteed recognition of labor unions.

b.

federal regulation of corporations.

c.

consumer protection.

d.

conservation of natural resources.

e.

federal regulation of railroad rates and an end to shipping rebates.

A. guaranteed recognition of labor unions

Teddy Roosevelt helped to end the 1902 strike in the anthracite coal mines by

a.

using the military to force the miners back to work.

b.

passing legislation making the miners' union illegal.

c.

helping the mine owners to import strike-breakers.

d.

appealing to mine owners' and workers' sense of the public interest.

e.

threatening to seize the mines and to operate them with federal troops.

E. threatening to seize the mines and to operate them with federal troops.

The Elkins and Hepburn Acts were designed to

a.

regulate municipal utilities and end private utility monopolies.

b.

guarantee the purity of food and drugs.

c.

provide federal protection for natural resources.

d.

improve women's working conditions.

e.

end corrupt and exploitative practices by the railroad trusts.

E. end corrupt and exploitative practices by the railroad trusts.

Teddy Roosevelt believed that large corporate trusts

a.

had to all be busted up if the American economy were to thrive.

b.

were essential to American national power and economic growth.

c.

were simply too powerful to be broken up or regulated.

d.

were bad only if they acted as monopolies against the public interest.

e.

should be balanced by strong labor unions.

D. were bad only if they acted as monopolies against the public interest.

The real purpose of Teddy Roosevelt's assault on trusts was to

a.

fragment the political power of big business.

b.

prove that the democratic federal government, not private business, governed the United States.

c.

halt the trend toward combination and integration in business.

d.

establish himself as a bigger trustbuster than William Howard Taft.

e.

inspire confidence in small business owners.

B. prove that the democratic federal government, not private business, governed the United States.

President Roosevelt believed that the federal government should adopt a policy of ____ trusts.

a.

dissolving

b.

ignoring

c.

regulating

d.

collusion with

e.

monitoring

C. regulating

Passage of the Federal Meat Inspection Act was inspired by the publication of

a.

Theodore Dreiser's The Titan.

b.

Jack London's The Call of the Wild.

c.

Henry Demarest Lloyd's Wealth Against Commonwealth.

d.

Jacob Riis's How the Other Half Lives.

e.

Upton Sinclair's The Jungle.

E. Upton Sinclair's The Jungle.

When Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle, he intended his book to focus attention on the

a.

unsanitary conditions that existed in the meat-packing industry.

b.

plight of workers in the stockyards and meat-packing industry.

c.

corruption in the United States Senate.

d.

deplorable conditions in the drug industry.

e.

unhealthy effects of beef consumption.

B. plight of workers in the stockyards and meat-packing industry.

The Newlands Act, passed under Theodore Roosevelt's administration, was designed to

a.

restore abandoned toxic mining sites for agricultural use.

b.

open new federal lands to sustainable forestry.

c.

reclaim and irrigate unproductive lands.

d.

provide protection for fragile western wilderness areas.

e.

preserve clean water in the mountain West.

C. reclaim and irrigate unproductive lands.

The first people to work toward preserving nature and the environment were

a.

typically members of the upper classes.

b.

Native Americans.

c.

primarily women.

d.

followers and supporters of Theodore Roosevelt.

e.

cattle ranchers in the Dakotas.

A. typically members of the upper classes.

According to the text, Teddy Roosevelt's most important and enduring achievement may have been

a.

building the Panama Canal.

b.

busting the corporate monopoly trusts.

c.

mediating an end to the Russo-Japanese War.

d.

conserving American resources and protecting the environment.

e.

protecting the American consumer.

D. conserving American resources and protecting the environment.

The multiple-use conservationists generally believed that

a.

preserving scenic beauty and natural wonders was compatible with human activity.

b.

the environment could be effectively protected without shutting it off to human use.

c.

forests and rivers could be used for recreation but not for economic purposes.

d.

federal lands should be divided into economically useful areas, recreational areas, and wilderness.

e.

cattlemen, lumbermen, and farmers should all develop sustainable use policies.

B. the environment could be effectively protected without shutting it off to human use.

The western preservationists suffered their worst political setback when

a.

California refused to control suburban sprawl into fragile mountain and desert areas.

b.

private developers were allowed to cut off public access to the Pacific Coast beaches.

c.

the city of Los Angeles built canals to bring water from the Sierra Nevada Mountains.

d.

the Yosemite National Park was opened to motor vehicles.

e.

California's Hetch Hetchy Valley was dammed to supply water to San Francisco.

E. California's Hetch Hetchy Valley was damned to supply water to San Francisco.

Teddy Roosevelt weakened himself politically after his election in 1904 when he

a.

got into a quarrel with his popular secretary of war, William Taft.

b.

refused to do anything in response to the Roosevelt Panic.

c.

supported the Federal Reserve Act.

d.

began to reduce his trust-busting activity.

e.

announced that he would not be a candidate for a third term as president.

E. announced that he would not be a candidate for a third term as president.

The Panic of 1907 exposed the need for substantial reform in

a.

U.S. banking and currency policies.

b.

tariff policies.

c.

water and land-use protection.

d.

the practice of corporate interlocking directorates.

e.

Wall Street stock-trading

A. U. S. banking and currency policies.

Theodore Roosevelt is probably most accurately described as a(n)

a.

ardent defender of American individualism.

b.

near-socialist.

c.

middle-of-the-road reformer.

d.

champion trustbuster.

e.

political elitist.

C. middle-of-the-road reformer.

While president, Theodore Roosevelt

a.

enhanced the power and prestige of the presidency.

b.

displayed little skill in getting his legislation through Congress.

c.

relied more on insider political skills than on public opinion.

d.

was highly popular with the business community.

e.

held rigidly to ideological principles.

A. enhanced the power and prestige of the presidency.

During his presidency, Teddy Roosevelt did all of the following except

a.

expand presidential power.

b.

shape the progressive movement.

c.

aid the cause of the environment.

d.

make the federal government a neutral force between business and labor.

e.

substantially weaken corporate capitalism.

E. substantially weaken corporate capitalism

As president, William Howard Taft

a.

was a good judge of public opinion.

b.

held together the diverse wings of the Republican party.

c.

was wedded more to the status quo than to progressive change.

d.

adopted a confrontational attitude toward Congress.

e.

carried on the legacy of Theodore Roosevelt.

C. was wedded more to the status quo than to progressive change.

President Taft's foreign policy was dubbed

a.

big-stick diplomacy.

b.

the Open Door policy.

c.

the Good Neighbor policy.

d.

dollar diplomacy.

e.

sphere-of-influence diplomacy.

D. dollar diplomacy

The Supreme Court's rule of reason in antitrust law was handed down in a case involving

a.

Northern Securities.

b.

United States Steel.

c.

General Electric.

d.

Armour Meat-Packing.

e.

Standard Oil.

E. Standard Oil.

Teddy Roosevelt decided to run for the presidency in 1912 because

a.

William Howard Taft had seemed to discard Roosevelt's progressive policies.

b.

Taft decided not to run for a second term.

c.

Woodrow Wilson appeared to be a very strong Democratic candidate.

d.

Senator Robert La Follette encouraged him to do so.

e.

the Democratic party was split.

A. William Howard Taft had seemed to discard Roosevelt's progressive policies.