front 1 The __________ is the serous membrane that lines the abdominal body wall. | back 1 parietal peritoneum |
front 2 Which major process involves the elimination of indigestible substances from the body via the anus? | back 2 defecation |
front 3 Where does the process of segmentation occur? | back 3 small intestine |
front 4 How would you classify chewing food? | back 4 mechanical breakdown |
front 5 The major means of propelling food through the digestive tract is __________. | back 5 peristalsis |
front 6 Which layer of the alimentary canal is constructed from either stratified squamous or simple columnar epithelium? | back 6 mucosa |
front 7 Which layer of the alimentary canal is responsible for segmentation and peristalsis? | back 7 muscularis externa |
front 8 Which layer of the alimentary canal contains the nerve supply of the enteric neurons that regulate digestive system activity? | back 8 submucosa |
front 9 The innermost tissue layer of the alimentary canal is the __________. | back 9 mucosa |
front 10 The nervous system does not regulate digestive activity. | back 10 False |
front 11 In a patient suffering from untreated infection-induced peritonitis, an infection in the visceral peritoneum immediately ______. | back 11 spreads directly to the parietal peritoneum |
front 12 Which histological layer of the digestive tract is composed primarily of epithelial tissue? | back 12 mucosa |
front 13 Which of the following is considered to be an accessory organ of the digestive system? | back 13 gallbladder |
front 14 In cystic fibrosis, blockage of the pancreatic duct by thick mucus will prevent the flow of pancreatic juice into the duodenum; this will directly cause ______. | back 14 atrophy of the pancreatic acini |
front 15 When a baby ingests breast milk, the milk's IgA antibodies may be absorbed into the baby's bloodstream because ______. | back 15 many pepsinogen molecules remain unchanged |
front 16 Which part of the digestive system is the major location for absorption of the end products of digestion? | back 16 small intestine |
front 17 How are fats absorbed into the blood? | back 17 in the form of chylomicrons |
front 18 The __________ circulation includes all of the major abdominal arteries that serve the digestive organs. | back 18 peritoneal |
front 19 The capillaries that nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutrients lie in the ________. | back 19 lamina propria |
front 20 Which of the following are mismatched? | back 20 protease: lipid digestion |
front 21 Proteins are digested into __________. | back 21 amino acids |
front 22 One of the direct consequences of lactose intolerance is ______. | back 22 increased osmotic pressure of the large intestine contents |
front 23 Which enzymes are responsible for the final chemical breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids? | back 23 brush border enzymes |
front 24 Which of the following propels food residue over large areas of the colon three to four times a day? | back 24 mass movement |
front 25 What is the function of the bacterial flora that inhabit the large intestine? | back 25 Bacterial flora synthesize B-complex vitamins and some of the vitamin K needed by the liver. |
front 26 Which of the following is the primary function of the large intestine? | back 26 defecation |
front 27 The major function of the large intestine is to __________. | back 27 absorb water |
front 28 Bacteria that reside in the large intestine make vitamin K. | back 28 True |
front 29 An effective way to medically treat diarrhea would be to use a drug that ______. | back 29 inhibits the activity of the myenteric nerve plexus |
front 30 Which of the following processes occurs only in the large intestine? | back 30 defecation |
front 31 Which vitamins are made by the bacteria in the large intestine? | back 31 B complex and K vitamins |
front 32 Which of the following is NOT inhibited by the intestino-intestinal reflex? | back 32 muscularis mucosae |
front 33 The appendix contains masses of lymphoid tissue and therefore has leukocytes capable of attacking bacteria present in the appendix. But during appendicitis, bacteria trapped in the lumen of the appendix are not effectively attacked because ______. | back 33 there is an inadequate blood supply to the appendix wall |
front 34 The formation of diverticula involves, most significantly, the ______. | back 34 weakening of the colon's submucosa |
front 35 What is the function of the soft palate? | back 35 The soft palate rises reflexively to close off the nasopharynx when swallowing occurs. |
front 36 Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva? | back 36 Saliva contains enzymes that begin the chemical breakdown of proteins. |
front 37 Which of the following inhibits salivation? | back 37 sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system |
front 38 Which teeth are best suited for cutting or nipping off pieces of food in the permanent dentition? | back 38 incisors |
front 39 Saliva does NOT __________. | back 39 aid in the chemical digestion of proteins |
front 40 A person with ankyloglossia would likely have difficulty pronouncing the word ______. | back 40 "yes"
|
front 41 A mumps viral infection of the two parotid glands may ______. | back 41 spread to the other salivary glands |
front 42 Hyposalivation can be treated with a drug that ______. | back 42 stimulates muscarinic receptors in salivary gland serous cells |
front 43 Impacted wisdom teeth is a problem that is never observed in children because ______. | back 43 they lack third molar teeth |
front 44 After root canal therapy, a tooth may become infected again due to poor dental hygiene. The patient might not seek treatment for this newly infected tooth because ______. | back 44 the tooth lacks a nerve that would make the patient perceive pain |
front 45 The __________ guards the entry of food into the stomach. | back 45 cardiac sphincter |
front 46 Gastric juice does not typically cause a burning sensation within the stomach. But reflux of this gastric juice into the esophagus can cause a burning sensation. One reason why this occurs is that the esophagus ______. | back 46 secretes mucus that is not identical to stomach mucus |
front 47 Which of the following components of saliva helps convert food-derived nitrates into nitric oxide (NO)? | back 47 bacteria present on the back of the tongue |
front 48 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the stomach? | back 48 The stomach releases enzymes to digest carbohydrates. |
front 49 Which digestive process normally occurs only in the mouth? | back 49 ingestion |
front 50 The pharyngeal-esophageal phase of swallowing is involuntary and is controlled by the swallowing center in the thalamus and lower pons. | back 50 False |
front 51 Which mesentery helps tether the stomach to the liver? | back 51 lesser omentum |
front 52 The mucosa collapses inward when the stomach is empty, forming large folds known as __________. | back 52 rugae |
front 53 In the __________ phase of gastric secretion, chyme is moved into the duodenum. | back 53 intestinal |
front 54 The __________ is the last segment of the small intestine. | back 54 ileum |
front 55 Blood draining from the stomach is more alkaline (basic) than blood that serves the stomach. | back 55 True |
front 56 In a patient suffering from a gastric ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori, the cells most likely to have been damaged first are the ______. | back 56 mucous cells |
front 57 Before and during vomiting, the emetic center initiates motor responses that involve ______. | back 57 sympathetic neurons
|
front 58 What role of the stomach is essential to life? | back 58 production of intrinsic factor |
front 59 What structural modification of the small intestine slows the movement of chyme through the lumen? | back 59 circular folds |
front 60 Which cell in the small intestine's mucosa is a mucus-secreting cell? | back 60 goblet cell |
front 61 Which cells of the small intestine secrete enterogastrones, such as secretin and cholecystokinin? | back 61 enteroendocrine cells |
front 62 Which duct carries bile out of bile ducts in the liver? | back 62 common hepatic duct |
front 63 Which component of bile emulsifies fats? | back 63 bile salts |
front 64 Which vessel delivers nutrient-rich blood to the liver from the digestive tract? | back 64 hepatic portal vein |
front 65 Which chemical activates the transformation of trypsinogen to trypsin? | back 65 enteropeptidase |
front 66 What is a major function of pancreatic juice? | back 66 neutralizing chyme entering the small intestine from the stomach |
front 67 What triggers the release of secretin from the small intestine? | back 67 presence of acidic, fatty chyme in the small intestine |
front 68 Which of the following is NOT a structural modification of the small intestine to increase surface area? | back 68 rugae |
front 69 Bile is produced by the __________. | back 69 liver |
front 70 The pancreas secretes __________. | back 70 procarboxypeptidase |
front 71 Most digestion and absorption of nutrients occur in the __________. | back 71 small intestine |
front 72 The liver is able to regenerate even after 50% of its original mass is lost. | back 72 True |
front 73 Cirrhosis can cause ______. | back 73 a bleeding disorder |
front 74 An obstruction by a gallstone is least likely to occur in the ______. | back 74 common hepatic duct |
front 75 Which organ of the digestive tract is the body's major digestive organ? | back 75 small intestine |
front 76 What is the major digestive function of the pancreas? | back 76 production of digestive enzymes |