front 1 What is the normal pH range of blood? | back 1 7.35-7.45 |
front 2 Leukocytes and platelets comprise what percentage of whole blood? | back 2 1% |
front 3 Which ABO blood group is known as the "universal donor"? | back 3 O |
front 4 What are the regulatory function of blood? | back 4 Body temperature, pH levels, and fluid volume |
front 5 What are the protective functions of blood? | back 5 Blood clot and antibodies |
front 6 What are the distribution functions of blood? | back 6 Oxygen, carbon dioxide,and hormones |
front 7 What are the phases of erythropoiesis? | back 7 hemocytoblast, proerythroblast, erythroblast, late erythroblast, and erythrocyte |
front 8 If there is hypoxia of the EPO-producing cells, what will it trigger? | back 8 The EPO-producing cells make EPO and travel to bone marrow |
front 9 What happens as red blood cells age? | back 9 Membranes "wear out" and the cells become damaged. |
front 10 What types of blood can blood type AB negative receive? | back 10 A-, B-, AB-, O- |
front 11 What is the most abundant plasma protein? | back 11 Albumin |
front 12 When neither anti-A nor anti-B clots on a blood plate, the blood type is what? | back 12 O |
front 13 What is the area that is the main site of blood cell formation throughout an adult life? | back 13 Red bone marrow (ends of long bones and flat bone such as hips and sternum) |
front 14 What are the values of hemoglobin in the blood for infants? | back 14 14-20g/100mL blood |
front 15 What are the values of hemoglobin in the blood for adult males? | back 15 13-18g/100mL blood |
front 16 What are the values of hemoglobin in the blood for adult females? | back 16 12-16g/100mL blood |
front 17 Who has the highest normal value of hemoglobin in the blood out of infants, adult males, an adult females? | back 17 Infants |
front 18 What are the normal plasma proteins found in bloo plasma? | back 18 Alpha, beta, gamma globulins, albumin, and fibrinogen |
front 19 What can you expect with polycythemia? | back 19 Higher blood volume, blood pressure, hematocrit, and blood viscosity |
front 20 Which white granulocyte blood cells have cytoplasmic granules? | back 20 Neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils |
front 21 Which white agranulocyte blood cells have cytoplasmic granules? | back 21 Lymophocytes and monocytes |
front 22 What is the correct developmental seuence of erythrocyte formation? | back 22 Proerythroblast, erythroblast, late erythroblast, normoblast, reticulocyte, and erythrocyte |
front 23 If there is a lack of the intrinsic factor leading to a deficiency of vitamin B12 and large pale cells called macrocytes, it is characteristic of what condition? | back 23 Pernicious anemia which is mainly found in the elderly |
front 24 What are the phases of hemostasis? | back 24 Vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, and big stage of coagulation where fibrogen is convered to fibrin through 13 coagulation factors in the plasma with the use of vitamin K and calcium to form the permanent clot for healing to take place |
front 25 What is a thromboembolic disorder? | back 25 Includes embolus formation, a clot moving within the circulatory system |
front 26 What is a characteristic of all leukocytes? | back 26 They all have a nucleus |
front 27 Blood plasma contains how much water? | back 27 90% and over 100 dissolved solutes |
front 28 What is the job of platelets? | back 28 They stick to damaged area of the blood vessel and help seal the break |
front 29 What does it mean when someone's blood is AB positive when it comes to the antigens and the antibodies? | back 29 A, B, and Rh antigens. No antibodies |
front 30 What are sickling red blood cells be produced in those with sickle-cell anemia? | back 30 Traveling at high altitude and vigorous exercise |
front 31 What impairs coagulation? | back 31 Liver disease, vitamin C deficiency, and severe hypoclacemia |
front 32 When can erythroblastosis fetalis not possibly happen in the child of an Rh negative mother? | back 32 If the father is Rh- like the mother |
front 33 What type of mixture is blood? | back 33 Suspension |
front 34 What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production? | back 34 Kidney |
front 35 What is the shelf life of whole blood collected at 4 degrees C? | back 35 About 35 days |
front 36 What are two ways athletes can increase their number of erythrocytes which aren't healthy? | back 36 EPO injections and blood doping |
front 37 Polycythemia: | back 37 excess number of red blood cells |
front 38 What is the normal percentage of neutrophils in a normal differential white blood count? | back 38 50-70% |
front 39 If you found the basophil percentage to be 28% in a differential white blood count, what could this indicate? | back 39 Viral infection |
front 40 What is the largest WBC? | back 40 Monocytes |
front 41 How many WBCs would you expect to find for every 600 RBCs? | back 41 1 per 600 |
front 42 What odes a high eosinophil count indicate? | back 42 Parasitic worm |
front 43 Which WBCs are classified as agrandulocytes? | back 43 Lymphocytes and monocytes |
front 44 Neutrophil: | back 44 multilobed nucleus; inconspicuous cytoplasm granules. 3000-7000 |
front 45 Eosinophil | back 45 bilobed nucleus; red granules. 100-400 |
front 46 Basophil | back 46 bilobed nucleus; large purplish-black granules. 20-50 |
front 47 Lymphocytes | back 47 Spherical or indented nucleus; no granules. 1500-3000 |
front 48 Monocytes | back 48 U-or kidney shaped nucleus, gray-blue cytoplasm. 100-700 |
front 49 What is the normal number of erythrocytes per cubic millimenter of blood? | back 49 4-6 million |
front 50 What is the lifetime of an erythrocyte? | back 50 100-120 days |
front 51 What is the lifetime of a neutrophil? | back 51 6 hours to a few days |
front 52 What is the normal number of platelets per cubic millimeter of blood? | back 52 150,000-400,000 |
front 53 Which formed element in the blood is responsible for sealing small tears in blood vessels and intrumental in blood clotting? | back 53 Platelets |
front 54 What does the Epstein-Barr virus cause? | back 54 Mononucleosis |
front 55 All white blood cells start out as a | back 55 hemocytoblast |
front 56 What conditions cause a reduced number of erythrocytes? | back 56 Blood loss, and abnormal hemoglobin |
front 57 What disorders cause an over-production of abnormal leukocytes? | back 57 Leukemia and mononucleosis |
front 58 What are the normal values for hematocrite counts for males and females? | back 58 47% males and 42% females |
front 59 What does tissue hypoxia mean? | back 59 Oxygen prevention |
front 60 How long does it take a reticulocyte once released into the blood to become a mature erythrocyte? | back 60 Two days |
front 61 Once additional EPO is secreted into the blood targeted for the bone marrow, how long does it take for new erythrocytes to be formed? | back 61 Two days |
front 62 Which organ is referred to as the "red blood cell graveyard"? | back 62 Spleen |
front 63 When iron enters the blood it is transported loosely, but bound to a transport protein called ___________________. | back 63 Ferritin and hemosiderin |
front 64 What is a brown pigment that gives feces its dark color? | back 64 Sterocobilin |
front 65 Leukocytes are able to slip out of the capillary blood vessels by away of a process called ______ and follow a trail of chemical released by damaged cells which is a phenomenon called positive______. | back 65 Migration and chemostaxis |
front 66 What is the average blood volume for males and females? | back 66 5-6 males and 4-5 females |
front 67 What is the normal temperature of blood? | back 67 100.4 |
front 68 Plasma makes up what percentage of blood? | back 68 55% |
front 69 Which formed element of blood is a true cell? | back 69 White blood cells |
front 70 Erythrocytes make up what percentage of whole blood? | back 70 45% |
front 71 90% of blood plasma is _________. | back 71 Water |
front 72 What are common cations (positive) found in blood plasma? | back 72 Sodium, calcium, potassium, and magnesium |
front 73 What are common anions (negative) found in blood plasma? | back 73 Chloride, phosphate, sulfate, and bicarborated |
front 74 What are the organic nutrients found in blood plasma? | back 74 Glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids |
front 75 Do most blood cells divide and go through mitosis in order to reproduce? | back 75 No |
front 76 What is spectrin and what does it allow? | back 76 A protein that allows RBCs to squeeze through capillaries and return to its original shape |
front 77 Do females or males have the lowest hematocrit count? | back 77 Males |
front 78 How many oxygen molecules can 1 hemoglobin molecule pick up? | back 78 4 |
front 79 How many oxygen molecules can 1 RBC pick up? | back 79 250 million |
front 80 How much carbon dioxide is transported by caraminohemoglibin? | back 80 20% |
front 81 Hematopoiesis: | back 81 Blood cell formation |
front 82 WHere does hemocytoblast reside? | back 82 Bone marrow |
front 83 The direct stimulus for erythrocyte formation is a glycoprotien hormone called erythropoietin produced by cells located in the _____. | back 83 Kidney |
front 84 What could possibly account for REC counts being higher in males than in females? | back 84 Testosterone |
front 85 What do you need to make hemoglobin? | back 85 Amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12 |
front 86 Iron is _____ to the body. | back 86 Toxic |
front 87 The intake of what beverages interfere with the absorption of iron? | back 87 Tannic acid in tea, caffeine in coffee and drinks, and carbonates in sodas |
front 88 Which WBC carries out phagocytosis of erythrocytois? | back 88 Monocytes called macrophages |
front 89 Leukopenia: | back 89 Low count of WBCs |
front 90 Platelet formation is regulated by a hormone called _____________. | back 90 Thromboprotien |
front 91 Which WBC is the most common in whole blood? | back 91 Neutrophil |