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A&P II: Blood Review Questions

front 1

What is the normal pH range of blood?

back 1

7.35-7.45

front 2

Leukocytes and platelets comprise what percentage of whole blood?

back 2

1%

front 3

Which ABO blood group is known as the "universal donor"?

back 3

O

front 4

What are the regulatory function of blood?

back 4

Body temperature, pH levels, and fluid volume

front 5

What are the protective functions of blood?

back 5

Blood clot and antibodies

front 6

What are the distribution functions of blood?

back 6

Oxygen, carbon dioxide,and hormones

front 7

What are the phases of erythropoiesis?

back 7

hemocytoblast, proerythroblast, erythroblast, late erythroblast, and erythrocyte

front 8

If there is hypoxia of the EPO-producing cells, what will it trigger?

back 8

The EPO-producing cells make EPO and travel to bone marrow

front 9

What happens as red blood cells age?

back 9

Membranes "wear out" and the cells become damaged.

front 10

What types of blood can blood type AB negative receive?

back 10

A-, B-, AB-, O-

front 11

What is the most abundant plasma protein?

back 11

Albumin

front 12

When neither anti-A nor anti-B clots on a blood plate, the blood type is what?

back 12

O

front 13

What is the area that is the main site of blood cell formation throughout an adult life?

back 13

Red bone marrow (ends of long bones and flat bone such as hips and sternum)

front 14

What are the values of hemoglobin in the blood for infants?

back 14

14-20g/100mL blood

front 15

What are the values of hemoglobin in the blood for adult males?

back 15

13-18g/100mL blood

front 16

What are the values of hemoglobin in the blood for adult females?

back 16

12-16g/100mL blood

front 17

Who has the highest normal value of hemoglobin in the blood out of infants, adult males, an adult females?

back 17

Infants

front 18

What are the normal plasma proteins found in bloo plasma?

back 18

Alpha, beta, gamma globulins, albumin, and fibrinogen

front 19

What can you expect with polycythemia?

back 19

Higher blood volume, blood pressure, hematocrit, and blood viscosity

front 20

Which white granulocyte blood cells have cytoplasmic granules?

back 20

Neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils

front 21

Which white agranulocyte blood cells have cytoplasmic granules?

back 21

Lymophocytes and monocytes

front 22

What is the correct developmental seuence of erythrocyte formation?

back 22

Proerythroblast, erythroblast, late erythroblast, normoblast, reticulocyte, and erythrocyte

front 23

If there is a lack of the intrinsic factor leading to a deficiency of vitamin B12 and large pale cells called macrocytes, it is characteristic of what condition?

back 23

Pernicious anemia which is mainly found in the elderly

front 24

What are the phases of hemostasis?

back 24

Vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, and big stage of coagulation where fibrogen is convered to fibrin through 13 coagulation factors in the plasma with the use of vitamin K and calcium to form the permanent clot for healing to take place

front 25

What is a thromboembolic disorder?

back 25

Includes embolus formation, a clot moving within the circulatory system

front 26

What is a characteristic of all leukocytes?

back 26

They all have a nucleus

front 27

Blood plasma contains how much water?

back 27

90% and over 100 dissolved solutes

front 28

What is the job of platelets?

back 28

They stick to damaged area of the blood vessel and help seal the break

front 29

What does it mean when someone's blood is AB positive when it comes to the antigens and the antibodies?

back 29

A, B, and Rh antigens. No antibodies

front 30

What are sickling red blood cells be produced in those with sickle-cell anemia?

back 30

Traveling at high altitude and vigorous exercise

front 31

What impairs coagulation?

back 31

Liver disease, vitamin C deficiency, and severe hypoclacemia

front 32

When can erythroblastosis fetalis not possibly happen in the child of an Rh negative mother?

back 32

If the father is Rh- like the mother

front 33

What type of mixture is blood?

back 33

Suspension

front 34

What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production?

back 34

Kidney

front 35

What is the shelf life of whole blood collected at 4 degrees C?

back 35

About 35 days

front 36

What are two ways athletes can increase their number of erythrocytes which aren't healthy?

back 36

EPO injections and blood doping

front 37

Polycythemia:

back 37

excess number of red blood cells

front 38

What is the normal percentage of neutrophils in a normal differential white blood count?

back 38

50-70%

front 39

If you found the basophil percentage to be 28% in a differential white blood count, what could this indicate?

back 39

Viral infection

front 40

What is the largest WBC?

back 40

Monocytes

front 41

How many WBCs would you expect to find for every 600 RBCs?

back 41

1 per 600

front 42

What odes a high eosinophil count indicate?

back 42

Parasitic worm

front 43

Which WBCs are classified as agrandulocytes?

back 43

Lymphocytes and monocytes

front 44

Neutrophil:

back 44

multilobed nucleus; inconspicuous cytoplasm granules. 3000-7000

front 45

Eosinophil

back 45

bilobed nucleus; red granules. 100-400

front 46

Basophil

back 46

bilobed nucleus; large purplish-black granules. 20-50

front 47

Lymphocytes

back 47

Spherical or indented nucleus; no granules. 1500-3000

front 48

Monocytes

back 48

U-or kidney shaped nucleus, gray-blue cytoplasm. 100-700

front 49

What is the normal number of erythrocytes per cubic millimenter of blood?

back 49

4-6 million

front 50

What is the lifetime of an erythrocyte?

back 50

100-120 days

front 51

What is the lifetime of a neutrophil?

back 51

6 hours to a few days

front 52

What is the normal number of platelets per cubic millimeter of blood?

back 52

150,000-400,000

front 53

Which formed element in the blood is responsible for sealing small tears in blood vessels and intrumental in blood clotting?

back 53

Platelets

front 54

What does the Epstein-Barr virus cause?

back 54

Mononucleosis

front 55

All white blood cells start out as a

back 55

hemocytoblast

front 56

What conditions cause a reduced number of erythrocytes?

back 56

Blood loss, and abnormal hemoglobin

front 57

What disorders cause an over-production of abnormal leukocytes?

back 57

Leukemia and mononucleosis

front 58

What are the normal values for hematocrite counts for males and females?

back 58

47% males and 42% females

front 59

What does tissue hypoxia mean?

back 59

Oxygen prevention

front 60

How long does it take a reticulocyte once released into the blood to become a mature erythrocyte?

back 60

Two days

front 61

Once additional EPO is secreted into the blood targeted for the bone marrow, how long does it take for new erythrocytes to be formed?

back 61

Two days

front 62

Which organ is referred to as the "red blood cell graveyard"?

back 62

Spleen

front 63

When iron enters the blood it is transported loosely, but bound to a transport protein called ___________________.

back 63

Ferritin and hemosiderin

front 64

What is a brown pigment that gives feces its dark color?

back 64

Sterocobilin

front 65

Leukocytes are able to slip out of the capillary blood vessels by away of a process called ______ and follow a trail of chemical released by damaged cells which is a phenomenon called positive______.

back 65

Migration and chemostaxis

front 66

What is the average blood volume for males and females?

back 66

5-6 males and 4-5 females

front 67

What is the normal temperature of blood?

back 67

100.4

front 68

Plasma makes up what percentage of blood?

back 68

55%

front 69

Which formed element of blood is a true cell?

back 69

White blood cells

front 70

Erythrocytes make up what percentage of whole blood?

back 70

45%

front 71

90% of blood plasma is _________.

back 71

Water

front 72

What are common cations (positive) found in blood plasma?

back 72

Sodium, calcium, potassium, and magnesium

front 73

What are common anions (negative) found in blood plasma?

back 73

Chloride, phosphate, sulfate, and bicarborated

front 74

What are the organic nutrients found in blood plasma?

back 74

Glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids

front 75

Do most blood cells divide and go through mitosis in order to reproduce?

back 75

No

front 76

What is spectrin and what does it allow?

back 76

A protein that allows RBCs to squeeze through capillaries and return to its original shape

front 77

Do females or males have the lowest hematocrit count?

back 77

Males

front 78

How many oxygen molecules can 1 hemoglobin molecule pick up?

back 78

4

front 79

How many oxygen molecules can 1 RBC pick up?

back 79

250 million

front 80

How much carbon dioxide is transported by caraminohemoglibin?

back 80

20%

front 81

Hematopoiesis:

back 81

Blood cell formation

front 82

WHere does hemocytoblast reside?

back 82

Bone marrow

front 83

The direct stimulus for erythrocyte formation is a glycoprotien hormone called erythropoietin produced by cells located in the _____.

back 83

Kidney

front 84

What could possibly account for REC counts being higher in males than in females?

back 84

Testosterone

front 85

What do you need to make hemoglobin?

back 85

Amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12

front 86

Iron is _____ to the body.

back 86

Toxic

front 87

The intake of what beverages interfere with the absorption of iron?

back 87

Tannic acid in tea, caffeine in coffee and drinks, and carbonates in sodas

front 88

Which WBC carries out phagocytosis of erythrocytois?

back 88

Monocytes called macrophages

front 89

Leukopenia:

back 89

Low count of WBCs

front 90

Platelet formation is regulated by a hormone called _____________.

back 90

Thromboprotien

front 91

Which WBC is the most common in whole blood?

back 91

Neutrophil