front 1 the transmission of genetic material (DNA and RNA) from an organism to its offspring | back 1 heredity |
front 2 DNA + protein | back 2 chromosome |
front 3 a sequence of DNA that codes for a particular trait | back 3 gene |
front 4 basic unit of heredity | back 4 gene |
front 5 also means location | back 5 locus |
front 6 genes with different information at the same location | back 6 alleles |
front 7 a permanent alternation in DNA | back 7 mutation |
front 8 Deoxyribonucleic Acid | back 8 DNA |
front 9 Ribonucleic Acid | back 9 RNA |
front 10 refers to the genetic information contained in the DNA of the organism | back 10 genotype |
front 11 refers to the specific characteristics displayed by the organism | back 11 phenotype |
front 12 linear sequence of nucleotides of DNA that form a functional unit of a chromosome or a plasmid | back 12 gene |
front 13 information in a specific gene, found at a particular place on the chromosome or plasmid | back 13 locus |
front 14 In what three major ways can the information in DNA be transferred? | back 14 1. DNA Replication
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front 15 What are the reasons we copy/replicate DNA? | back 15 growth
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front 16 In this transferring of information in DNA, DNA produces more DNA | back 16 DNA Replication |
front 17 in this transferring of information in DNA one strand of each DNA molecule is half old and the olther is half new | back 17 Semiconservative replication |
front 18 governs strand assembly and proofreads | back 18 DNA polymerase |
front 19 What do ribosomes make? | back 19 proteins |
front 20 In this part of transferring information in DNA RNA is produced using DNA as a template | back 20 transcription |
front 21 Refers transcription occurs in what? | back 21 viruses |
front 22 forms ribosomes | back 22 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) |
front 23 carries instructions to build proteins to the ribosomes (each three RNA bases specify a particular amino acid or a stop code) | back 23 messenger RNA (mRNA) |
front 24 transfers needed amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosomes | back 24 trandfer RNA (tRNA) |
front 25 Why do ribosomes need amino acids? | back 25 to build proteins |
front 26 in this porption of transferring information within DNA ribosomes "read"messenger RNA and link the coded for amino acids together into proteins | back 26 translation |
front 27 Approximately what percentage of a bacterial cell's energy is used to produce proteins? | back 27 80 to 90 |
front 28 What two causes of mutations does your book list? | back 28 1. spontaneous
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front 29 mutations that have no know cause | back 29 spontaneous |
front 30 mutations caused by mutagens | back 30 induced |
front 31 tend to increase the mutation rate above the spontaneous rate | back 31 mutagens |
front 32 give two examples of known mutagens | back 32 radiation
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front 33 something that can cause a mutation | back 33 mutagen |
front 34 What are the two tyoes of mutations? | back 34 1. Point Mutation
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front 35 in this type of mutation a single base is replaced and it may or may not cause problems | back 35 point mutation |
front 36 in this type of mutation an insertion or deletion of one or more bases takes place and it always causes a problem | back 36 frameshift mutation |
front 37 these are found in cured meat such as deli meats, hot dogs, and bacon | back 37 nitrates and nitrites |
front 38 cancer causing | back 38 carcinogens |
front 39 one of the first tests done on new products to see if there are mutations | back 39 Ames Test |
front 40 The ames test uses what that can not make histidine | back 40 salmonella strain |
front 41 Why does the ames test use a certain strain of salmonella? | back 41 it uses a strain that can not make histidine amino acids so it can't make proteins |
front 42 What is the end result of the ames test believed to be if the new product does contain mutagens | back 42 if salmonella makes histidine right away |
front 43 removes an amino group (-NH2) from a nitrogenous base to point mutations | back 43 deaminating agent |
front 44 Bacteria have _______ as their genetic material | back 44 RNA |
front 45 Which base is NOT found in DNA? | back 45 uracil |
front 46 The first bacterium to have its genome completely sequenced was: | back 46 Haemophilus influenza |
front 47 The process of reverse transcription creates: | back 47 DNA from RNA |
front 48 During DNA repliction, DNA ploymerase adds nucleotides: | back 48 to the 3' end of the growing strand |
front 49 During DNA replication, the new strand has a sequence ______ to the strand being copied | back 49 identical |
front 50 DNA replication is termed | back 50 conservative |
front 51 The enzyme responsible for transcription is called: | back 51 RNA polymerase |
front 52 In prokaryotes, transcription takes place in the: | back 52 ribosomes |
front 53 Ribosomes are made of | back 53 RNA and protein |
front 54 tRNA is responsible for transporting _______ to the ribosome | back 54 amino acid |
front 55 Each tRNA has a/an _______ that allows it to match up with the correct mRNA codon | back 55 DNA sequence |
front 56 The bond that is created between amino acids is called a _______ bond | back 56 ionic |
front 57 Repressors are molecules that inhibit: | back 57 DNA replication |
front 58 A phenotypoe refers to the ________of an organism | back 58 expressed physical characteristics |
front 59 A mutation that results in a change in DNA sequence, but no change in the amino acid sequence of the protein, is termed ______ mutation | back 59 silent |
front 60 Which of the follwing can induce mutations? | back 60 base analogs
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front 61 The Ames Test is used to test whether or not: | back 61 a chemical is mutagenic |