Instructions for Side by Side Printing
- Print the notecards
- Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
- Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
- Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
Exercise 43: Physiology of Reproduction - Gametogenesis and the Female Cycles
front 1 Dyads are visible in | back 1 both mitosis and meiosis |
front 2 tetrads are visible in | back 2 meiosis only |
front 3 product is 2 diploid daughter cells genetically identical to the mother cell | back 3 mitosis only |
front 4 product is 4 haploid daughter cells quantitatively different from the mother cell | back 4 meiosis only |
front 5 involves the phases prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase | back 5 both mitosis and meiosis |
front 6 occurs throughout the body | back 6 mitosis only |
front 7 occurs only in the ovaries and testes | back 7 meiosis only |
front 8 provides cells for growth and repair | back 8 mitosis only |
front 9 hologoues synapse: chiasmata are seen | back 9 meiosis only |
front 10 chromosomes are replicated before the division process begins | back 10 both mitosis and meiosis |
front 11 Provides cells for replication of the species | back 11 meiosis only |
front 12 consists of 2 consecutive nuclear divisions, without chromosomal replication occurring before the second division. | back 12 meiosis only |
front 13 Describe the process of synapsis | back 13 The pairing of homologous chromosomes (23 tetrads become attached to spindle fibers & begin to align on the equator. |
front 14 How does crossover introduce variability in the daughter cells? | back 14 The homologues seperate from one another, breaking & exchanging parts- where crossovers occur |
front 15 Define homologous chromosomes | back 15 Egg & sperm chromosomes that carry genes for the same traits (1 paternal, 1 maternal) |
front 16 primative stem | back 16 spermatogonium |
front 17 haploid | back 17 secondary spermatocyte, spermatid, sperm |
front 18 Provides nutrients to developing sperm | back 18 sustentacular cells |
front 19 products of meiosis II | back 19 spermatid |
front 20 product of spermiogenesis | back 20 sperm |
front 21 product of meiosis I | back 21 spermatocyte |
front 22 Why are spermatids not considered functional gametes? | back 22 They are non-motile and have too much excess baggage to function well in a reproductive capacity. |
front 23 Differentiate between spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis | back 23 Spermiogenesis is the final stage of spermatogenesis, which sees the maturatin of spermatids into mature, mobile spermatozoa. * formation of haploid gametes by Male sloughing off excess spermatid cytoplams to form a motle functioning sperm |
front 24  | back 24 Draw a sperm, label: acrosome, head, midpiece and tail. Beside each label, note the composition, and function of each sperm structures.
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front 25 The lifespan of a sperm is very short? What anatomical characterists might lead you to suspect this even if you don't know it's life span? | back 25 No cytoplasm in which to store nutrients. |
front 26 The sequence of events leading to germ cell formation in the female begins during fetal development, by the time the child is born, all viable oogonia have been converted to | back 26 primary oocytes |
front 27 How does the total germ cell potential of the female compare to that of the male? | back 27 much smaller, and the total number is predetermined |
front 28 Female gametes develop n structures called follicles. What is a follicle? | back 28 A saclike structure containing follicle cells in one or more layers that enclose a developing gamete. |
front 29 How are primary and vesicular follicles anatomically different? | back 29 Primary follice=primary oocyte; a single layer of cuboidal/columnar follicle cellsSecondary follice=several layers of cuboidal/columnar cells collectively called the membranous granulosa which secrete follicular fluid |
front 30 What is a corpus luteum? | back 30 It is what's left of the follicle after a woman ovulates. Glandular ovarian structure that produces progesterone. The ruptured vescicular follicle is converted to corpus leuteum. |
front 31 What is the major hormone produced by the vesicular follicle? | back 31 Estrogen |
front 32 What is the major hormone produced by the corpus luteum? | back 32 Progesterone (and some estrogen) |
front 33 The cell type you would find forming part of the primary follicle in the ovary | back 33 primary oocyte |
front 34 The cell type you would find in the uterine tube before fertilization | back 34 secndary oocyte |
front 35 The cell type you would find in the mature vesicular follicle of the ovary | back 35 secondary oocyte |
front 36 The cell type you would find in teh uterine tube shortly afer sperm penetration | back 36 ovum |
front 37 The cellular product of spermatogenesis is four _____________; the final product of oogenesis is one ________ and three ____________ | back 37 spermatids, ovum, polar bodies. |
front 38 What is the function of the unequal result of oogenesis in the female? | back 38 to provide the ovum or functional gamete w/adequate nutritional reserves so that it can survive it;s journey to the uterus. |
front 39 What is the fate of the 3 tiny cells producted during oogenesis? Why? | back 39 They will deteriorate; they lack sustaining cytoplasm w/nutrient reserves. |
front 40 The hormone produced by primary follicles in the ovaries | back 40 FSH |
front 41 Ovulation occurs after it's burstlike release | back 41 LH |
front 42 Exert negative feedback on the anterior pituitary relative to FSH secretion | back 42 Estrogen and progesterone |
front 43 Stimulates LH release by the anterior pituitary | back 43 Estrogen |
front 44 Stimulates the corpus leuteum to produce progesterone and estrogen | back 44 LH |
front 45 Maintains the hormonal production of the corpus luteum in a non pregnant woman | back 45 LH |
front 46 Why does the corpus luteum deteriorate toward the end of the ovarian cycle? | back 46 Because blood levels of the anterior pituitary hormone LH are very low |
front 47 The amount of LH in the blood during meses is greater than or less than the amount of LH in the blood at ovulation? | back 47 less than |
front 48 The amount of FSH iin the blood on day 6 of the cycle is greater than or less than the amount of FSH in the blood on day 20 of the cycle | back 48 greater than |
front 49 The amount of estrogen in the blood during menses is greater or lesser than the amount of estrogen in the blood at ovulation? | back 49 less than |
front 50 The amount of progesterone in the blood on day 14 is less than or greater than the amount of progesterone in the blood on day 23? | back 50 less than |
front 51 The amount of estrogen in the blood on day 10 is greater than or less than the amount of progesterone in the blood on day 10? | back 51 greater than |
front 52 What uterine tissue undergoes dramatic changes during the menstrual cycle? | back 52 endometrium |
front 53 When during the female menstruaol cycle would fertilization be unlikely? Explain why? | back 53 Anytime but the three-day interval (days 14-16) around ovulation (28 day cycle assumed) |
front 54 Assume that a woman could be an "on demand" ovulator like the rabbit, in which copulation stimulates the hypothalamic-anterior pituitary axis and causes LH release, and an oocyte was ovulated and fertilized on day 26 of her 28-day cycle. Why would a successful pregnancy be unlikely at this time? | back 54 The uterine lining goes through a cycle of building up every cycle to accept an embryo. By the time day 26 comes along, the lining is getting ready to slough off during the next period. Most likely the lining of the uterus would not be able to support the implantation and development of the embryo at this time. |