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Anatomy and Physiology 2 Wiley Chapter 27

front 1

How much of the total volume of body fluid is intracellular fluid?

back 1

2/3

front 2

80% of the extracellular fluid is?

back 2

interstitial fluid

front 3

Which of the following makes up the largest single component of the human body?

back 3

Water

front 4

Which of the following is produced when electrons are accepted by oxygen during cellular respiration?

back 4

metabolic water

front 5

Which of the following occurs when water loss is greater than water gain?

back 5

Dehydration

front 6

The response of the body to decreasing blood pressure will NOT include which of the following?

back 6

Dehydration

front 7

Which of the following is the main factor that determines water loss?

back 7

Urination

front 8

Which of the following is used to promote Na+ reabsorption by the kidneys?

back 8

Aldosterone

front 9

Which of the following is used to promote water reabsorption by the kidneys?

back 9

Antidiuretic hormone

front 10

Natriuresis

back 10

none of these choices

front 11

A decline in angiotensin II levels does NOT result in

back 11

increased calcium reabsorption

front 12

The major hormone that regulates water loss is

back 12

ADH

front 13

Water intoxication results from

back 13

Dilute body fluids and a decrease in the osmolarity of interstitial fluids

front 14

Which of the following is a function of an electrolyte in the body?

back 14

All of these

front 15

In EXTRAcellular fluid, the most abundant CATION is

back 15

Na+

front 16

In EXTRAcellular fluid, the most abundant ANION is

back 16

Cl-

front 17

In INTRAcellular fluid, the most abundant CATION is

back 17

K+

front 18

IN INTRAcellular fluid, the most abundant ANION is

back 18

HPO42-

front 19

The Na+ level in blood is controlled by

back 19

Aldosterone

front 20

Which of the following occurs between RBC and blood plasma as the blood level of carbon dioxide increases or decreases?

back 20

Chloride Shift

front 21

Which of the following is the most abundant mineral in the body?

back 21

Calcium

front 22

PTH, calcitriol and calcitonin are

back 22

The main regulators of calcium in blood

front 23

Most of the phosphate in the body is present as

back 23

calcium phosphate salt

front 24

Buffer systems, exhaling carbon dioxide and excretion by the kidneys are all

back 24

Ways of controlling H+ levels in the body

front 25

Metabolic reactions can produce

back 25

Nonvolatile acids

front 26

Which of the following is a condition where blood pH is below 7.35?

back 26

Acidosis

front 27

In partial compensation

back 27

systemic arterial blood is still lower than 7.35

front 28

Inadequate exhalation of carbon dioxide can cause

back 28

Blood pH to drop

front 29

Which imbalance results when systemic arterial blood HCO3- levels drop significantly (below 22 mEq/liter)?

back 29

metabolic acidosis

front 30

Which imbalance results when systemic arterial blood CO2 levels raise to abnormal values?

back 30

respiratory acidosis

front 31

Which of the following is the most common cause of metabolic alkalosis?

back 31

Vomiting

front 32

The rate of fluid intake and outflow is how much higher in an infant than in an adult?

back 32

7 times higher

front 33

The breathing rate of an infant

back 33

causes greater water loss from the lungs

front 34

What part of the brain contains the thirst center?

back 34

Hypothalamus

front 35

Most buffer systems in the body consist of

back 35

A weak acid and the salt of that acid

front 36

Which protein is the main protein buffer in blood plasma?

back 36

Albumin

front 37

Which of the following chemicals is considered to be a volatile acid?

back 37

H2CO3

front 38

Which cells of the kidneys are the most important for regulation of pH of body fluids?

back 38

intercalated cells

front 39

Which of the following is the most plentiful buffer in the tubular fluid of the kidney collecting duct?

back 39

monohydrogen phosphate ion

front 40

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that maintains pH of body fluids?

back 40

All of these are correct

front 41

Which of the following is a common cause of respiratory disease?

back 41

Hypoventilation due to emphysema

front 42

Which condition may result in respiratory alkalosis?

back 42

cerebrovascular accident

front 43

Infants experience more problems with acid-base homeostasis and fluid and electrolyte balance based on which of the following?

back 43

all of these are factors

front 44

Metabolic acidosis may develop following which situations?

back 44

A,B,C (severe gastrointestinal virus, diabetes ketoacidosis, renal dysfunction)

front 45

Weakness, irritability, tetany, delirium, convulsions and several other signs and symptoms from hypomagnesemia may be associated with an individual who is

back 45

A, B, C (alcoholic, malnourished, diabetic)

front 46

The body uses aldosterone to retain sodium. This hormone has the reverse effect on another mineral or compound. This mineral or compound is

back 46

potassium

front 47

Which cation and two anions are present in the highest quantities in the extracellular fluid?

back 47

sodium, chloride, bicarbonate