Instructions for Side by Side Printing
- Print the notecards
- Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
- Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
- Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
ch 16 pre lec
front 1 A response that is uniquely directed against pathogenic Bordetella pertussis would involve what component? | back 1 AntibodiesSubmit |
front 2 First line defenses have what aspect in common with each other? | back 2 They are physical barriers against invading pathogens.Submit |
front 3 Both the innate and adaptive defenses of the immune system work to prevent | back 3 the penetration and colonization by pathogens, and the diseases they cause.Submit |
front 4 If a new bacterial pathogen entered a human body through an accidental needle stick, the first cell that would try to kill the pathogen would likely be | back 4 a phagocyte. |
front 5 Mucous membranes are a part of | back 5 innate defense. |
front 6 According to the animation, B cells interact directly with | back 6 helper T cells. |
front 7 Which of the following defense systems would be involved in eliminating virally-infected cells? | back 7 T lymphocytesSubmit |
front 8 According to the animation, antibodies directly interact with which innate defenses? | back 8 Phagocytosis and the complement system |
front 9 Which cells directly attack abnormal cells in the body? | back 9 Cytotoxic T cellsSubmit |
front 10 An inflammatory response would result from which of the following? | back 10 Jellyfish stingSubmit |
front 11 If a person turns their ankle, how would one determine if damage to the tissue in the ankle has occurred? | back 11 The ankle is red, swollen, and warm to the touch. |
front 12 What is the function of inflammation in response to a burn from a hot iron? | back 12 To repair the damaged tissueSubmit |
front 13 Which of the following statements about innate immunity is true? | back 13 Which of the following statements about innate immunity is true? |
front 14 Innate immunity | back 14 is nonspecific and present at birth. |
front 15 The function of the "ciliary escalator" is to | back 15 trap microorganisms in mucus in the upper respiratory tract. remove microorganisms from the upper respiratory tract. |
front 16 Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT | back 16 they produce lysozyme. |
front 17 Microorganisms that are members of the normal microbiota are also known to cause disease. | back 17 True |
front 18 Normal microbiota provide resistance to disease in all of the following ways except __________________. | back 18 serving as prebiotics |
front 19 Which of the following is an effect of opsonization? | back 19 increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms |
front 20 Phagocytes utilize all of the following to optimize interaction with (getting to and getting hold of) microorganisms EXCEPT | back 20 lysozyme |
front 21 Lysozyme and the antibiotic penicillin have similar mechanisms of action in that they both cause damage to the bacterial | back 21 cell wall. |
front 22 If one is examining a blood smear from a patient with a parasitic worm infection, which of the following leukocytes would be found in increased numbers? | back 22 monocyteseosinophils |
front 23 Which of the following statements about beta interferons is true? | back 23 It acts as a signal that induces uninfected cells to produce antiviral proteins. |
front 24 Which of the following are best described as short chains of amino acids that are very stable and can have a variety of different antimicrobial activities, such as forming pores in bacterial plasma membranes and inhibiting cell wall synthesis? | back 24 antimicrobial peptides |
front 25 Each of the following is an effect of complement activation EXCEPT | back 25 interference with viral replication. |
front 26 A chill is a sign that | back 26 body temperature is rising. |
front 27 Which of the following statements concerning phagocytosis is true? | back 27 Bacteria are digested when the phagosome fuses with a lysosome.Submit |
front 28 Part completeMost phagocytes are types of white blood cells, but not all white blood cells participate in this process.Select the cell types that are actively phagocytic. | back 28 macrophage neutrophil dendritic cell |
front 29 This activity asks that you place the steps of phagocytosis in the correct order.Drag the steps below into the boxes provided to indicate the order in which they occur. | back 29  |
front 30 What might interfere specifically with chemotaxis of a phagocyte? Think about the process of chemotaxis and what might compromise this process. | back 30 defective microfilament function absence of cytokine and complement receptors on phagocyte surfaces |
front 31 Think through the steps of phagocytosis, and select strategies from the list provided that might enable a microbe to avoid or escape phagocytosis or phagocytic killing.Select each of the items from the list that would enable a microbe to evade phagocytosis or avoid phagocytic killing. | back 31 defective microtubule function defective oxidative burst myeloperoxidase deficiencySubmit |
front 32 What does the plasma membrane of a phagocyte attach to on a microorganism? | back 32 Glycoproteins |
front 33 The process by which a phagocyte moves toward a chemical signal at the site of an infection is called | back 33 chemotaxis. |
front 34 Which of the following phagocytic processes occurs last in the sequence? | back 34 Exocytosis |
front 35 What is the role of opsonins? | back 35 They create "handles" that make it easier for the pseudopods of phagocytes to attach to the microbe invader.Submit |
front 36 What is a phagolysosome? | back 36 The structure that results from the fusion of a phagosome and a lysosome.Submit |
front 37 How is Streptococcus pneumoniaeable to avoid destruction by a phagocyte? | back 37 Their capsules make them "slippery" to phagocytes. |
front 38 Which microorganism requires the low pH inside a phagolysosome in order to reproduce? | back 38 Coxiella burnetii |
front 39 Which of the following microorganisms use M protein to avoid destruction of a phagocyte? | back 39 Streptococcus pyogenes |
front 40 Phagocytosis is defined as | back 40 the ingestion of solid material by a eukaryotic cell. |
front 41 How is phagocytosis in the immune system different from protozoan phagocytosis? | back 41 Protozoan phagocytosis is used for feeding; phagocytosis by immune cells is used to fight infection. |
front 42 What direct effect do histamines and leukotrienes have on capillaries? | back 42 They allow capillary walls to open and become leaky. |
front 43 Emigration is | back 43 the migration of phagocytes through blood vessels to the site of tissue damage. |
front 44 Why is vasodilation important to tissue repair? | back 44 It allows for an increased delivery of oxygen, nutrients, and phagocytes to the site of damage. |
front 45 Pus is comprised of | back 45 dead phagocytes. |
front 46 Which of the following can release histamines? | back 46 Cells from damaged tissues and the complement pathway |
front 47 Julie is preparing vegetables for dinner and accidentally cuts her finger. She washes it with soap and water before covering it with a bandage. A short while later, Julie notices that her finger is red, swollen, warm to the touch, and very painful. Which of the following describes the process going on in Julie’s finger? | back 47 inflammation |
front 48 Inflammation is part of the second line of defense that is activated when the first line of defense is breached. Julie’s first-line defenses were damaged when her injury occurred. Which of the following represents the first line of defense? | back 48 skin and mucous membranes |
front 49 As mentioned previously, the second line of defense is activated when the first line of defense fails. In Part A, you identified one of these defenses as inflammation, which occurs when the body responds to a foreign antigen and increases fluid accumulation in a specific area. An added benefit of this excess fluid is that it also brings immune cells to the area to aid clearance of foreign antigens. In Julie’s situation, that added fluid would bring immune cells to prevent any microbial infections that could be caused if microbes were introduced when she cut her finger. Which of the following cell types is NOT part of the second line of defense? | back 49 plasma cells |
front 50 The adaptive immune response, or third line of defense, is activated when the first and second lines of defense do not succeed in containing an infection. It is adaptive because the cells in this part of the immune system are capable of responding to specific pathogens. Another important feature of the third line is the ability of these cells to create memory cells. Why are memory cells an important product of an immune response? | back 50 Memory cells allow subsequent immune responses against the same antigen to occur more strongly and more quickly. |
front 51 As you can see from this activity, the immune system is very complex and is made of many components. In this section, place each immune component in the appropriate bin. | back 51  |
front 52 Unbroken skin poses a substantial barrier to microbes. All of the following contribute to this barrier except _____________. | back 52 complement proteins found in perspiration |
front 53 Macrophages arise from which of the following? | back 53 monocytes |