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  1. Print the notecards
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  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

9 notecards = 3 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Output

front 1

Define Cardiac Output (CO).

back 1

Amount pf blood pumped out by each ventricle in 1 minute

front 2

Write the equation for CO.

back 2

Cardiac output(CO)= Stroke volume(SV)x Heart rate(HR)

front 3

Define stroke volume (SV).

back 3

The volume of blood pumped out by one ventricle with each beat.

front 4

Write the equation for SV.

back 4

Stroke volume(SV)= End diastolic volume(EDV)- End systolic volume(ESV)

front 5

Write the normal values (include correct units) for the following:
a. HR (heart rate)=_____________________________
b. SV (stroke volume)=__________________________
c. EDV (end diastolic volume)=__________________
d. ESV (end systolic volume)=___________________

back 5

a. 75 bpm
b. 70 ml
c. 120 ml
d. 50 ml

front 6

Given the values for HR and SV, calculate cardiac output:

back 6

CO= SV x HR
CO= 70 x 75
CO= 5,250

front 7

Explain how the following factors affect HR, SV, and CO by placing arrows (up-arrow, down-arrow, or <--> for no change) under them.
a. Increased SNS
b. Increased Venous return
c. Exercise
d. Increased Calcium
e. Decreased HR

back 7

a. up-arrow HR, up-arrow SV, up-arrow CO
b. down-arrow HR, up-arrow SV, up-arrow CO
c. up-arrow HR, up-arrow SV, up-arrow CO
d. up-arrow HR, up-arrow SV, up-arrow CO
e. down-arrow HR, up-arrow SV, <--> CO

front 8

Why would stroke volume increase with an increase in the sympathetic nervous system or an increase in calcium?

back 8

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system, or and increase in calcium, will stimulate beta 1 receptors in the heart increasing cardiac muscle contraction, and increasing the stroke volume.

front 9

Why would stroke volume increase when heart rate slows down?

back 9

Beacuse it increases EDV and consequently the stroke volume and contraction force, a slow heart rate allows more time for ventricular filling.