front 5 5) A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is
called a ________.
A) community
B) population
C)
ecosystem
D) family | |
front 6 6) Which of the following statements is true regarding the complexity
of biological systems?
A) An understanding of the interactions
between different components within a living system is
an
approach towards understanding reductionism.
B) Knowing the
function of a component of a living system can provide insights into
the
structure and organization of the living system.
C)
Understanding the chemical structure of DNA reveals how it directs the
functioning of a
living cell.
D) An ecosystem displays
complex properties of the biotic component only. | |
front 7 7) Which of the following order is correct in terms of the hierarchy
of the organization?
A) Ecosystem → Biosphere → Population →
Community → Organism
B) Biosphere → Ecosystem → Population →
Community → Organism
C) Ecosystem → Community → Biosphere →
Population → Organism
D) Biosphere → Ecosystem →Community →
Population → Organism | |
front 8 8) When your body temperature rises on a hot day, the neural and
hormonal mechanisms activate sweating. Evaporation of sweat leads to
cooling of the body surface. This is an example of ________.
A)
positive feedback regulation
B) negative feedback
regulation
C) chemical cycling
D) emergent properties | |
front 9 9) Characters are transmitted from parents to offspring. ________ are
the units of inheritance.
A) Genes
B) Proteins
C)
RNA
D) DNA | |
front 10 10) As letters are to English language, ________ is/are to genetic
information.
A) proteins
B) nucleotides
C) DNA double
helix
D) A and B | |
front 11 11) The process by which the information in a gene directs the
synthesis of a protein is called ________.
A) gene
expression
B) replication
C) post translation
modification
D) cloning | |
front 12 12) Which of the following statements is true?
A) mRNA is the
only type of RNA found in the living system
B) All forms of life
employ the same genetic code
C) A typical human liver cell has
one set of chromosomes
D) Organisms interact but do not affect
their environment | |
front 13 13) Plants convert ________.
A) chemical energy to mechanical
energy.
B) sunlight to mechanical energy.
C) sunlight to
chemical energy.
D) mechanical energy to chemical energy. | |
front 14 14) Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all
life?
A) near universality of the genetic code
B) structure
of the nucleus
C) structure of cilia
D) structure of chloroplasts | |
front 15 15) Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and
classifying of organisms?
A) informatics
B) taxonomy
C)
genomics
D) evolution | |
front 16 16) Use the following figure to answer the question.
The
phylogenetic tree ________.
A) depicts that Archaea is closer to
Bacteria than Eukarya
B) depicts that Eukarya is closer to
Bacteria than Archaea
C) includes unicellular and some forms of
multicellular life, but not complex animals and plants
D)
includes every single life form on this earth | |
front 17 17) Use the following figure to answer the
question.
"A" is ________; "B" is
________.
A) the most recent species to evolve on Earth; an
ancestor of group "A"
B) the most recent species to
evolve on Earth; the last common ancestor of Archaea and
Eukarya
C) the common ancestor of all life; the common ancestor
of Bacteria and Archaea
D) the common ancestor of all life; the
last common ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya | |
front 18 18) You are suffering from Streptococcus throat infection. You share
the following with the bacteria that is responsible for your
condition.
A) You both belong to the same domain.
B) You
both are made up of cells.
C) You both have genetic material in
your nucleus.
D) You and Streptococcus have nothing in common. | |
front 19 19) Which of the following is true of natural selection?
A) It
requires genetic variation.
B) It results in descent with
modification.
C) It involves differential reproductive
success.
D) It requires genetic variation, results in descent
with modification, and involves differential
reproductive success. | |
front 20 20) Which of the following is not one of Charles Darwin's
observations?
A) Individuals in a population vary in their
traits.
B) Many of the traits in an individual are
heritable.
C) A population avoids competition by producing only
as many offspring as can successfully
reproduce on their
own.
D) Species generally are adapted to their environments. | |
front 21 21) The evolution of one species into two or more species as a result
of different populations becoming reproductively isolated from each
other is best termed as ________.
A) adaptive radiation
B)
creationism
C) natural selection
D) prototype | |
front 22 22) Cotton-topped tamarins are small primates with tufts of long
white hair on their heads. While studying these creatures, you notice
that males with longer hair get more opportunities to mate and father
more offspring. To test the hypothesis that having longer hair is
adaptive in these males, you should ________.
A) test whether
other traits in these males are also adaptive
B) look for
evidence of hair in ancestors of tamarins
C) determine if hair
length is heritable
D) test whether males with shaved heads are
still able to mate | |
front 23 23) Following a scientific method, which of the following is the
correct order of steps?
A) Observation → Analysis → Hypothesis →
Conclusion → Communicate results →
Experiment
B) Observation
→ Hypothesis → Experiment → Communicate results → Analysis
→
Conclusion
C) Experiment → Hypothesis → Observation →
Analysis → Conclusion → Communicate
results
D) Observation →
Hypothesis → Experiment → Analysis → Conclusion → Communicate
results | |
front 24 24) Which of the following questions is considered a
thought-provoking scientific query?
A) How long ago did the
Pterosaurs live on this planet?
B) Does the amount of solute in
water affect the boiling point of the solution?
C) Who invented
the telescope?
D) How many tigers are left in India? | |
front 25  25) The following experiment is used for the following
question.
A researcher discovered a species of moth that lays its
eggs on oak trees. Eggs are laid at two distinct times of the year:
early in spring when the oak trees are flowering and in midsummer when
flowering is past. Caterpillars from eggs that hatch in spring feed on
oak flowers and look like oak flowers, but caterpillars that hatch in
summer feed on oak leaves and look like oak twigs.
How does the
same population of moths produce such different-looking caterpillars
on the same trees? To answer this question, the biologist caught many
female moths from the same population and collected their eggs. He put
at least one egg from each female into eight identical cups. The eggs
hatched, and at least two larvae from each female were maintained in
one of the four temperature and light conditions listed below.
In
each of the four environments, one of the caterpillars was fed oak
flowers, the other oak leaves. Thus, there were a total of eight
treatment groups (4 environments × 2 diets).
Which one of the
following is not a plausible hypothesis that can be tested in this
experiment?
A) The longer day lengths of summer trigger the
development of twig-like caterpillars.
B) The cooler temperatures
of spring trigger the development of flowerlike caterpillars.
C)
Differences in air pressure, due to differences in elevation, trigger
the development of
different types of caterpillars.
D)
Differences in diet trigger the development of different types of caterpillars. | |
front 26 26) The following experiment is used for the following
question.
A researcher discovered a species of moth that lays its
eggs on oak trees. Eggs are laid at two
distinct times of the
year: early in spring when the oak trees are flowering and in
midsummer
when flowering is past. Caterpillars from eggs that
hatch in spring feed on oak flowers and look
like oak flowers,
but caterpillars that hatch in summer feed on oak leaves and look like
oak
twigs.
How does the same population of moths produce
such different-looking caterpillars on the same
trees? To answer
this question, the biologist caught many female moths from the
same
population and collected their eggs. He put at least one egg
from each female into eight identical
cups. The eggs hatched, and
at least two larvae from each female were maintained in one of
the
four temperature and light conditions listed below.
In
each of the four environments, one of the caterpillars was fed oak
flowers, the other oak
leaves. Thus, there were a total of eight
treatment groups (4 environments × 2 diets).
Which one of the
following is not a plausible hypothesis that can be tested in this
experiment?
A) The longer day lengths of summer trigger the
development of twig-like caterpillars.
B) The cooler temperatures
of spring trigger the development of flowerlike caterpillars.
C)
Differences in air pressure, due to differences in elevation, trigger
the development of
different types of caterpillars.
D)
Differences in diet trigger the development of different types of caterpillars. | |
front 27 27) The following experiment is used for the following
question.
A researcher discovered a species of moth that lays its
eggs on oak trees. Eggs are laid at two
distinct times of the
year: early in spring when the oak trees are flowering and in
midsummer
when flowering is past. Caterpillars from eggs that
hatch in spring feed on oak flowers and look
like oak flowers,
but caterpillars that hatch in summer feed on oak leaves and look like
oak
twigs.
How does the same population of moths produce
such different-looking caterpillars on the same
trees? To answer
this question, the biologist caught many female moths from the
same
population and collected their eggs. He put at least one egg
from each female into eight identical
cups. The eggs hatched, and
at least two larvae from each female were maintained in one of
the
four temperature and light conditions listed below.
In
each of the four environments, one of the caterpillars was fed oak
flowers, the other oak
leaves. Thus, there were a total of eight
treatment groups (4 environments × 2 diets).
Recall that eggs
from the same female were exposed to each of the eight treatments
used. This
aspect of the experimental design tested which of the
following hypotheses?
A) The longer day lengths of summer trigger
the development of twig-like caterpillars.
B) Differences in air
pressure, due to elevation, trigger the development of different types
of
caterpillars.
C) Differences in diet trigger the
development of different types of caterpillars.
D) The
differences are genetic. A female will either produce all flowerlike
caterpillars or all
twig-like caterpillars. | |
front 28 28) The following experiment is used for the following
question.
A researcher discovered a species of moth that lays its
eggs on oak trees. Eggs are laid at two
distinct times of the
year: early in spring when the oak trees are flowering and in
midsummer
when flowering is past. Caterpillars from eggs that
hatch in spring feed on oak flowers and look
like oak flowers,
but caterpillars that hatch in summer feed on oak leaves and look like
oak
twigs.
How does the same population of moths produce
such different-looking caterpillars on the same
trees? To answer
this question, the biologist caught many female moths from the
same
population and collected their eggs. He put at least one egg
from each female into eight identical
cups. The eggs hatched, and
at least two larvae from each female were maintained in one of
the
four temperature and light conditions listed below.
In
each of the four environments, one of the caterpillars was fed oak
flowers, the other oak
leaves. Thus, there were a total of eight
treatment groups (4 environments × 2 diets).
Recall that in the
experiment, caterpillars born in the spring looked like flowers, and
caterpillars
born in the summer looked like twigs. What is the
most likely selective advantage for this
difference in body
shape?
A) Looking like their food sources allows the caterpillars
to move through their environment
more efficiently.
B)
Development into the adult moth form is faster for caterpillars shaped
like twigs than like
flowers.
C) Looking like their food
source lets the caterpillars blend into their surroundings,
reducing
predation.
D) Looking like their food source will
increase the caterpillars' feeding efficiency; this
would
increase their growth rate and survival rate. | |
front 29 29) How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific
hypothesis?
A) Theories are proposed to test scientific
hypotheses.
B) Theories are usually an explanation for a more
general phenomenon; hypotheses typically
address more specific
issues.
C) Hypotheses are usually an explanation for a more
general phenomenon; theories typically
address more specific
issues.
D) Confirmed theories become scientific laws; hypotheses
become theories. | |
front 30 30) A friend of yours calls to say that his car would not start this
morning. He asks for your help.
You say that you think the
battery must be dead. If so, then jump-starting the car from a
good
battery will solve the problem. In doing so, you are
________.
A) testing a theory for why the car will not
start
B) making observations to inspire a theory for why the car
will not start
C) stating a hypothesis and using that hypothesis
to make a testable prediction
D) comparing multiple hypotheses
for why the car will not start | |
front 31 31) Agrobacterium infects plants and causes them to form tumors. You
are asked to determine
how long a plant must be exposed to these
bacteria to become infected. Which of the following
experiments
will provide the best data to address that question?
A) Determine
the survival rate of Agrobacterium when exposed to different
concentrations of an
antibiotic.
B) Measure the number of
tumors formed on a plant when exposed to various concentrations
of
Agrobacterium.
C) Measure the concentration of
Agrobacterium in different soil environments where the
plants
grow.
D) Measure the number of tumors formed on
plants, which are exposed to Agrobacterium for
different lengths
of time. | |
front 32 32) Agrobacterium infects plants and causes them to form tumors. You
determine that tumor
formation requires a large amount of the
plant's energy for tissue formation. How might this
change the
number of offspring a plant produces, and what is the most likely
explanation for this
change?
A) The number of offspring
should increase because in general, illness increases the
reproductive
output of organisms.
B) The number of offspring
should increase because the bacteria will provide energy for
the
plant.
C) The number of offspring should decrease
because the plant will divert energy from
reproduction to tumor
formation.
D) There should be no effect of infection on offspring
production because energy for
reproduction is independent of infection. | |
front 33 33) Use the following information when answering the following
question.
In 1668, Francesco Redi performed a series of
experiments on spontaneous generation. He began
by putting
similar pieces of meat into eight identical jars. Four jars were left
open to the air, and
four were sealed. He then did the same
experiment with one variation: Instead of sealing four of
the
jars completely, he covered them with gauze (the gauze excluded the
flies while allowing the
meat to be exposed to air). In both
experiments, he monitored the jars and recorded whether or
not
maggots (young flies) appeared in the meat.
What hypothesis was
being tested in the initial experiment with open versus sealed
jars?
A) Spontaneous generation is more likely during the long
days of summer.
B) The type of meat used affects the likelihood
of spontaneous generation.
C) Maggots do not arise spontaneously,
but from eggs laid by adult flies.
D) Spontaneous generation can
occur only if meat is exposed to air. | |
front 34 34) Use the following information when answering the following
question.
In 1668, Francesco Redi performed a series of
experiments on spontaneous generation. He began
by putting
similar pieces of meat into eight identical jars. Four jars were left
open to the air, and
four were sealed. He then did the same
experiment with one variation: Instead of sealing four of
the
jars completely, he covered them with gauze (the gauze excluded the
flies while allowing the
meat to be exposed to air). In both
experiments, he monitored the jars and recorded whether or
not
maggots (young flies) appeared in the meat.
In both experiments,
flies appeared in all of the open jars and only in the open jars.
Which one of
the following statements is correct?
A) The
experiment was inconclusive because Redi used only one kind of
meat.
B) The experiment was inconclusive because it did not run
long enough.
C) The experiment supports the hypothesis that
spontaneous generation occurs in rotting meat.
D) The experiment
supports the hypothesis that maggots arise only from eggs laid by
adult flies. | |
front 35 35) The best experimental design ________.
A) includes a large
sample size for each condition
B) includes a control
C)
alters only one condition between the controls and the experimental
condition
D) includes a large sample size and a control, and
alters only one condition between the controls
and the
experimental condition | |
front 36 36) A controlled experiment ________.
A) is repeated many times
to ensure that the results are accurate
B) includes at least two
groups, one of which does not receive the experimental
treatment
C) includes at least two groups, one differing from the
other by two or more variables
D) includes one group for which
the scientist controls all variables | |
front 37 37) Which of the following are qualities of any good scientific
hypothesis?
I. It is testable.
II. It is
falsifiable.
III. It produces quantitative data.
IV. It
produces results that can be replicated.
A) I only
B) III
only
C) I and II
D) III and IV | |
front 38 38) The temperature at which an alligator's egg is incubated will
determine the sex of the
offspring. The dependent and the
independent variables in this experiment are ________.
A) sex of
the baby alligator and temperature respectively
B) temperature
and sex of the baby alligator respectively
C) size of the
incubator and size of the baby alligator respectively
D) number
of offspring and temperature in the incubator respectively | |
front 39 39) In presenting data that result from an experiment, a group of
students show that most of their
measurements fall on a straight
diagonal line on their graph. However, two of their data
points
are "outliers" and fall far to one side of the
expected relationship. What should they do?
A) Do not show these
points because clearly something went wrong in the experiment.
B)
Average several trials, rule out the improbable results, and do not
show them in the final
work.
C) Show all results obtained
and then try to explore the reason(s) for these outliers.
D)
Change the details of the experiment until they can obtain the
expected results. | |
front 40 40) A scientist, who wants to study the effects of nitrogen on wheat
plants, sets up an experiment
with 4 groups of wheat plants:
group A gets 20 pounds per acre, group B gets 40 pounds per
acre,
group C gets 60 pounds per acre, and group D gets 0 pounds per acre.
Which of the
following is the control group?
A) group
A
B) group B
C) group C
D) group D | |
front 41 41) Which of these is an example of inductive reasoning?
A)
Hundreds of individuals of a species have been observed and all are
photosynthetic; therefore,
the species is photosynthetic.
B)
These organisms live in sunny regions. Therefore, they are using
photosynthesis.
C) If protists are all single-celled, then they
are incapable of aggregating.
D) If two species are members of
the same genus, they are more alike than each of them could be
to
a different genus. | |
front 42 42) The application of scientific knowledge for some specific purpose
is known as ________.
A) technology
B) deductive
science
C) inductive science
D) pure science | |
front 43 43) Which of the following best describes a model organism?
A)
It is often pictured in textbooks and is easy for students to
imagine.
B) It is well studied, it is easy to grow, and results
are widely applicable.
C) It is small, inexpensive to raise, and
lives a long time.
D) It has been chosen for study by early biologists. | |
front 44 44) Why is a scientific topic best discussed by people of varying
points of view, from different
subdisciplines, and representing
diverse cultures?
A) Robust and critical discussion between
diverse groups improves scientific thinking.
B) Scientists can
coordinate with others to conduct experiments in similar ways.
C)
This is a way of ensuring that everyone gets the same results.
D)
People need to exchange their ideas with other disciplines and
cultures because everyone has
a right to an opinion in science. | |
front 45 1) All the organisms on your campus make up
A) an
ecosystem.
B) a community.
C) a population.
D) a
taxonomic domain. | |
front 46 2) Systems biology is mainly an attempt to
A) analyze genomes
from different species.
B) simplify complex problems by reducing
the system into smaller, less complex units.
C) understand the
behavior of entire biological systems by studying interactions among
its
component parts.
D) build high-throughput machines for
the rapid acquisition of biological data. | |
front 47 3) Which of the following best demonstrates the unity among all
organisms?
A) emergent properties
B) descent with
modification
C) the structure and function of DNA
D) natural selection | |
front 48 4) A controlled experiment is one that
A) proceeds slowly enough
that a scientist can make careful records of the results.
B)
tests experimental and control groups in parallel.
C) is repeated
many times to make sure the results are accurate.
D) keeps all
variables constant. | |
front 49 5) Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses
from theories in science?
A) Theories are hypotheses that have
been proved.
B) Hypotheses are guesses; theories are correct
answers.
C) Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope;
theories have broad explanatory power.
D) Theories are proved
true; hypotheses are often contradicted by experimental results. | |
front 50 6) Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?
A)
The fish swam in a zigzag motion.
B) The contents of the stomach
are mixed every 20 seconds.
C) The temperature decreased from
20°C to 15°C.
D) The six pairs of robins hatched an average of
three chicks each. | |
front 51 7) Which sentence best describes the logic of scientific
inquiry?
A) If I generate a testable hypothesis, tests and
observations will support it.
B) If my prediction is correct, it
will lead to a testable hypothesis.
C) If my observations are
accurate, they will support my hypothesis.
D) If my hypothesis is
correct, I can expect certain test results. | |
