Teddy Roosevelt's New Nationalism
a. pinned its economic faith on competition and the breakup of large monopolies.
b. opposed the growth of labor unions.
c. sought to raise tariffs to protect American industry.
d. supported a broad program of social welfare and government regulation of business.
e. favored state rather than federal government activism.

D

Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom
a. supported federal government ownership of railroads and utilities.
b. favored big business with accompanying federal regulation.
c. favored small enterprise, entrepreneurship, and the busting of monopolies.
d. was focused around working-class issues like unions and minimum-wage laws.
e. opposed banking and tariff reform.

C

The 1912 presidential election was notable because
a. it gave the voters a clear choice of political and economic philosophies.
b. personalities were the only issue of the campaign.
c. it was the first time women had the right to vote.
d. the Democratic party had split.
e. the fourth-party Socialists had a serious chance to win.

A

Match each 1912 presidential candidate below with his political party.

A. Woodrow Wilson 1. Socialist
B. Theodore Roosevelt 2. Democratic
C. William Howard Taft 3. Republican
D. Eugene V. Debs 4. Progressive

a. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
b. A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2
c. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-l
d. A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
e. A-2, B-4, C-3, D-l

E

According to the text, the runaway philosophical winner in the 1912 election was
a. socialism.
b. progressivism.
c. conservatism.
d. capitalism.
e. feminism.

B

In 1912, Woodrow Wilson became the first ____ elected to the presidency since the Civil War.
a. person born in the South
b. Democrat
c. lawyer
d. non-Civil War veteran
e. Methodist

A

Woodrow Wilson was most comfortable when surrounded by
a. African Americans.
b. Catholics.
c. political professionals.
d. journalists.
e. academic scholars.

E

Woodrow Wilson's political philosophy included all of the following except
a. faith in the masses.
b. a belief that compromise was necessary to be an effective leader.
c. a belief that the president should provide leadership for Congress.
d. a belief that the president should appeal over the heads of legislators to the sovereign people.
e. a belief in the central importance of morality of politics.

B

To secure passage of the Underwood Tariff Bill, Woodrow broke new ground by
a. enlisting organized business groups to lobby for its passage.
b. personally presenting his case to Congress and arousing public opinion.
c. writing a book showing that high tariffs were harming the American economy.
d. stirring up western and southern regional hostility against the high-tariff East.
e. sending a team of economic experts to testify before Congress.

B

In 1913, Woodrow Wilson broke with a custom dating back to Jefferson's day when he
a. stopped having formal cabinet meetings.
b. appointed a black man to the Supreme Court.
c. endorsed woman suffrage.
d. personally delivered his presidential State of the Union address to Congress.
e. rode with his defeated predecessor to the inauguration.

D

When Woodrow Wilson became president in 1912, the most serious shortcoming in the country's financial structure was that
a. federal paper money was not backed by sound gold or silver.
b. unsound banks regularly issued inflated bank notes that had to serve as currency.
c. the banking system was too heavily regulated by the federal government.
d. the U.S. dollar was rigidly tied to gold.
e. money for lending was inelastic and heavily concentrated in New York City.

E

The Underwood Tariff Act and the Sixteenth Amendment reflected Wilson's progressive goals by
a. establishing the first graduated federal income tax.
b. creating an optional retirement system for workers.
c. guaranteeing equal treatment for men and women in employment.
d. using tariffs only for revenue and not to protect American industry from competition.
e. providing protection for American farmers against subsidized foreign crop imports.

A

The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 guaranteed a substantial measure of public control over the American banking and currency system through the great authority given to
a. the secretary of the treasury.
b. the president of the United States.
c. the House Ways and Means Committee and the Senate Banking Committee.
d. regional Federal Reserve banks.
e. the presidentially appointed Federal Reserve Board.

E

The Federal Reserve Act gave the Federal Reserve Board the authority to
a. issue paper money and increase or decrease the amount of money in circulation by altering interest rates.
b. close weak banks.
c. take the U.S. dollar off the gold standard.
d. collect income taxes directly from employees' paychecks.
e. guarantee individual banking deposits against bank failures.

A

The Federal Trade Commission was established in 1914 to address all of these practices except
a. eliminating unfair and discriminatory trade practices.
b. outlawing unfair business competition and bribery.
c. sale of stocks without full disclosure of a business's organization and profits.
d. prohibiting false and misleading advertising.
e. outlawing the mislabeling or adulterating of products.

C

The central provisions of the Clayton Anti-Trust Act
a. included trade unions under the antimonopoly provisions of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
b. declared that no single corporation could control more than 75 percent of a given industry.
c. established minimum wage rates for goods produced in interstate commerce.
d. outlawed corporate interlocking directorates and price discrimination against different purchasers.
e. exempted farm cooperatives from antitrust action.

D

Besides prohibiting anticompetitive business practices, the Clayton Anti-Trust Act broke new ground by
a. exempting labor unions and agricultural cooperatives from antitrust prosecution.
b. exempting organized major-league baseball from antitrust prosecution.
c. prohibiting colleges and universities from cooperating to establish tuition and fees.
d. permitting American businesses to form monopolies when operating overseas.
e. creating a federal incorporation law for large businesses.

A

Because of the benefits that it conferred on labor, Samuel Gompers called the ____ "labor's Magna Carta."
a. Federal Reserve Act
b. Underwood Tariff Act
c. Clayton Anti-Trust Act
d. Sixteenth Amendment
e. Workmen's Compensation Act

C

The first Jewish member of the United States Supreme Court, appointed by Woodrow Wilson, was
a. Felix Frankfurter.
b. Arsene Pujo.
c. Abraham Cahan.
d. Louis D. Brandeis.
e. Bernard Baruch.

D

Wilson's progressive programs provided relief to
a. sailors.
b. farmers and rural populations.
c. civil service workers.
d. All of these
e. None of these

D

Woodrow Wilson showed the limits of his progressivism by
a. opposing workingmen's compensation.
b. opposing the entry of women into politics.
c. vetoing the Federal Farm Loan Act.
d. refusing to appoint the Jewish Louis D. Brandeis to the Federal Trade Commission.
e. accelerating the segregation of blacks in the federal bureaucracy.

E

Woodrow Wilson's early efforts to conduct a strongly anti-imperialist U.S. foreign policy were first undermined when he
a. dispatched U.S. military forces to protect American interests in China.
b. told the Filipinos that they could not obtain their independence for at least forty years.
c. sent American marines to Haiti and the Dominican Republic.
d. sent the U.S. Navy to seize the Virgin Islands from Denmark.
e. began constructing a massive U.S. Navy base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

C

Which term best characterizes Woodrow Wilson's fundamental approach to American foreign policy?
a. Imperialistic
b. Moralistic
c. Realistic
d. Balance-of-power
e. Isolationist

B

Difficulties in Mexico in the early 20th century affected the U.S. by
a. interfering with trade relations.
b. encouraging massive migration of Mexicans across the border.
c. providing an investment opportunity for U.S. corporations.
d. sparking tensions between the U.S. and Spain.
e. None of these

B

All of the following are true statements about Mexicans who settled in the area known as the borderlands except
a. they relocated mostly in Texas, New Mexico, California and Arizona.
b. they helped build highways and railroads.
c. most were single men without families.
d. many followed the harvest as fruit pickers.
e. they helped create a unique culture that blended Mexican and American folkways.

C

President Wilson's first direct use of American military forces in revolutionary Mexico occurred when he
a. sent armed forces to protect against Mexico's nationalization of American businesses.
b. sent the army to prevent Venustiano Carranza from becoming president of Mexico.
c. seized the Mexican port of Vera Cruz to prevent German delivery of arms to President Huerta.
d. sent the army to protect the vast ranch of newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst.
e. sent General Pershing to capture Pancho Villa after Villa staged raids into New Mexico.

C

Before his first term ended, Woodrow Wilson had militarily intervened in or purchased all of the following countries except
a. Haiti.
b. the Dominican Republic.
c. the Virgin Islands.
d. Cuba.
e. Mexico.

D

Woodrow Wilson's administration refused to extend formal diplomatic recognition to the government in Mexico headed by
a. Porfirio Diaz.
b. Venustiano Carranza.
c. Pancho Villa.
d. Victoriano Huerta.
e. Emiliano Zapata.

D

As World War I began in Europe, the alliance system placed Germany and Austria-Hungary as leaders of the ____, while Russia and France were among the ____.
a. Central Powers; Holy Alliance
b. Central Powers; Triple Alliance
c. Allies; Central Powers
d. Triple Alliance; Central Powers
e. Central Powers; Allies

E

From 1914 to 1916, America's growing trade with Britain and loss of trade with Germany essentially occurred because
a. the British needed American goods and weapons and the Germans did not.
b. more Americans sympathized with Britain than with Germany.
c. British agents sabotaged American businesses that traded with Germany.
d. American bankers like J.P. Morgan were willing to loan money to Britain but not to Germany.
e. the British navy controlled the Atlantic shipping lanes.

E

With the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the great majority of Americans
a. earnestly hoped to stay out of the war.
b. favored entering the war in support of the Allies.
c. supported the Central Powers.
d. wanted to form a military alliance of neutral nations.
e. favored U.S. mediation of the conflict.

A

One primary effect of World War I on the United States was that it
a. opened new markets in Germany and Austria-Hungary.
b. suffered severe business losses.
c. conducted an immense amount of trade with the Allies.
d. turned more of its economic activity toward Latin America and Asia.
e. virtually ended American international trade.

C

President Wilson insisted that he would hold ____ to "strict accountability" for ____.
a. Britain; repaying the loans made to it by American bankers
b. Britain; the disruption of American trade with the European continent
c. Germany; starting the war
d. Germany; fair treatment of civilians in Belgium
e. Germany; the loss of American ships and lives to submarine warfare

E

German submarines began sinking unarmed and unresisting merchant and passenger ships without warning
a. when the United States entered the war.
b. in retaliation for the British naval blockade of Germany.
c. in an effort to keep the United States out of the war.
d. because international law now allowed this new style of warfare.
e. in a last-ditch effort to win the war.

B

Which of the following American passenger liners was sunk by German submarines?
a. Lusitania
b. Arabic
c. Sussex
d. All of these American ships were sunk.
e. None of these were American ships.

E

Which of these is NOT a true statement about the sinking of the Lusitania?
a. 128 Americans onboard lost their lives.
b. Germany expressed profound regret.
c. Afterwards, Germany issued a warning to travelers about the perils of traveling in war zone waters.
d. Germany immediately pledged not to sink unarmed passenger ships anymore.
e. The incident helped feed a growing anti-Germany sentiment in the U.S.

D

The Progressive Bull Moose party died when
a. Teddy Roosevelt refused to run as the party's presidential candidate in 1916.
b. Teddy Roosevelt lost the presidential race in 1916.
c. the United States entered World War I.
d. the Republican candidate, Charles Evans Hughes, advocated the same programs as Roosevelt.
e. Woodrow Wilson won over most Bull Moose voters.

A

In the Sussex pledge, Germany promised
a. not to sink passenger ships.
b. to maintain the territorial integrity of France.
c. to halt its naval blockade of Britain.
d. to halt all submarine warfare.
e. not to sink passenger ships without warning.

E

The dangerous proviso that Germany attached to its Sussex pledge not to attack unarmed neutral shipping was the requirement that
a. Americans would have to refrain from sailing on British-owned passenger ships.
b. U-Boats could capture merchant vessels if the submarines surfaced.
c. the Americans would have to guarantee that passenger vessels were not secretly carrying military supplies.
d. the United States would have to persuade the Allies to end their blockade of Germany or submarine warfare would be resumed.
e. Woodrow Wilson would have to seek a fair, negotiated settlement of the war.

D

When Woodrow Wilson won reelection in 1916, he received strong support from the
a. East Coast.
b. working class and former Progressive Bull Moose party members.
c. business community.
d. prowar members of both parties.
e. new women voters.

B

Historians attempting to define who the progressives were have reached all of the following (and varying) conclusions except
a. they were rabble-rousing foreigners who sought to change the American system.
b. they were middle-class people threatened by both the emerging power of corporations and the restless working class.
c. they were established business leaders who successfully directed reform to their own purposes.
d. they were members of a self-confident new group that saw science and technology as a way to rationalize and modernize social institutions.
e. they were women and feminists who sought to improve society via the creation of a welfare state.

A