front 1 If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single
plant with a particularly desirable set of traits, which of the
following would be her most probable and efficient route to
establishing a line of such plants? B) Breed this plant with another plant with much weaker traits. C)
Clone the plant. | back 1 C |
front 2 Which of the following statements defines a genome? A) the complete
set of an organism's polypeptides D) the complete set of an organism's genes and other DNA sequences | back 2 D |
front 3 Asexual reproduction occurs during which of the following processes?
A) meiosis D) the exchange of chromosomes between organisms of different species | back 3 B |
front 4 Quaking aspen trees can send out underground stems for asexual
reproduction. Sexual reproduction is not as common, but when it does
happen, the haploid gametes have 19 chromosomes. How many chromosomes
are in the cells of the underground stems? B) 10 | back 4 D |
front 5 Which of the following statements is correct in comparing sexual and asexual reproduction? A) Asexual reproduction, but not sexual reproduction, is characteristic of only plants and fungi. B) In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit half of their nuclear genes to each of their offspring. C) In asexual reproduction, offspring are produced by fertilization without meiosis. D) Asexual reproduction produces only haploid offspring. | back 5 B |
front 6 At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the
preparation of a karyotype? C) anaphase | back 6 B |
front 7 Which of the following statements is true of a species that has a
chromosome number of 2n = 16? C) Each diploid cell has eight homologous pairs of chromosomes. D) A gamete from this species has four chromosomes. | back 7 C |
front 8 Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Which of the following characteristics do all sexual life cycles have in common?
A) I, II, and IV | back 8 B |
front 9 Which of the following processes occurs in a plant's sexual life
cycle? A) sporophytes produce gametes by meiosis D) sporophytes produce gametes by mitosis | back 9 B |
front 10 Which of the following statements describes an example of alternation
of generations? A) A grandparent and grandchild each have dark hair,
but the parent has blond hair. C) A diploid animal produces gametes by meiosis, and the gametes
undergo fertilization to produce a diploid zygote. | back 10 B |
front 11 A particular organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype. Which of
the following statements is correct regarding this organism? C) It reproduces sexually. | back 11 D |
front 12 A triploid cell contains three sets of homologous chromosomes. If a
cell of a diploid species that normally has 42 chromosomes per cell is
triploid, this cell would be expected to have which of the following
sets of chromosomes? B) 63 chromosomes in 21 sets of 3 | back 12 B |
front 13 Which of the following processes might produce a human zygote with 45
chromosomes? A) an error in meiotic anaphase occurring in either an
egg or sperm D) incomplete cytokinesis during spermatogenesis after meiosis I | back 13 A |
front 14 In a human karyotype, chromosomes are arranged in 23 pairs. If we
choose one of these pairs, such as pair 14, which of the following do
the two chromosomes of the pair have in common? B) length, centromere position, and staining pattern only | back 14 C |
front 15 In a human karyotype, chromosomes are arranged in 23 pairs. If we
choose one of these pairs, such as pair 14, which of the following do
the two chromosomes of the pair have in common? B) length, centromere position, and staining pattern only | back 15 C |
front 16 Which of the life cycles is typical for most fungi and some protists?
A) I only D) I and II | back 16 B |
front 17 In a life cycle such as that shown in part III of the figure above,
if the zygote's chromosome number is ten, which of the following
statements will be true? C) The sporophyte and gametophyte each have ten chromosomes per cell. D) The sporophyte and gametophyte each have five chromosomes per cell. | back 17 A |
front 18 Which of the following characteristics do homologous chromosomes
exhibit? A) They carry information for different traits. D) They align on the metaphase plate in meiosis II. | back 18 B |
front 19 Many organisms spend most of their life cycle in the diploid state.
If meiosis produces haploid cells, how is the diploid number restored
for these types of organisms? C) by synapsis of the homologous pairs of chromosomes during prophase of meiosis I D) by fertilization | back 19 D |
front 20 Which of the following statements is correct regarding the human X
chromosomes? A) It is present in every somatic cell of males and
females. D) It is referred to as an autosome. | back 20 C |
front 21 Which of the following statements correctly describes a karyotype? A)
It is a display of all of the cell types in an organism. D) It is a display of a cell's mitotic stages. | back 21 B |
front 22 If a cell has completed meiosis I and the first cytokinesis, and is
just beginning meiosis II, which of the following is an appropriate
description of its genetic contents? C) It has one-fourth the DNA and one-half the chromosomes as the parent cell. D) It is genetically identical to another cell formed from the same meiosis I event. | back 22 A |
front 23 The somatic cells of a privet shrub each contain a total of 46
chromosomes. How do the chromosomes of this plant differ from the
chromosomes of humans, who also have a total of 46? A) Privet shrub
cells cannot reproduce sexually. | back 23 C |
front 24 Which of the following statements describes the chromosomal makeup of
each daughter cell after telophase of meiosis I? C) The cells are haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid. D) The cells are haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids. | back 24 D |
front 25 How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that are
in prophase of meiosis I? C) The cells have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA. D) The cells have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA. | back 25 C |
front 26 Which of the following events happens at the conclusion of meiosis I?
A) Homologous chromosomes of a pair are separated from each
other. D) Four daughter cells are formed. | back 26 A |
front 27 During which of the following processes do sister chromatids separate
from each other? A) during meiosis I only D) during both mitosis and meiosis II | back 27 D |
front 28 Which of the following processes occurs in meiosis but not in
mitosis? A) chromosome replication D) condensation of chromosomes | back 28 B |
front 29 When chiasmata can first be seen in cells using a microscope, which
of the following processes has most likely occurred? C) prophase I | back 29 C |
front 30 For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.
V. Prophase II VI. Metaphase II VII.Anaphase II VIII. Telophase II 31) Homologous chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the
spindle. A) I D) VI | back 30 B |
front 31 For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.
V. Prophase II VI. Metaphase II VII.Anaphase II VIII. Telophase II Centromeres of sister chromatids disjoin and chromatids separate. A)
III D) VII | back 31 D |
front 32 Which sample of DNA might be from a cell that stopped the process of cell division in G0 phase of the cell cycle prior to meiosis? A) I D) either I or II | back 32 A |
front 33 Which sample of DNA might represent an animal cell in the G2 phase of the cell cycle prior to meiosis? A) I D) both I and II | back 33 B |
front 34 Which sample of DNA might represent a zygote? A) I D) either I or II | back 34 A |
front 35 Somatic cells of roundworms have four individual chromosomes per
cell. How many chromosomes would you expect to find in an ovum from a
roundworm? C) eight | back 35 B |
front 36 Which of the following processes occur during meiosis but not
mitosis? A) Haploid cells fuse to form diploid cells. D) A diploid cell combines with a haploid cell. | back 36 C |
front 37 During which of the following phases of meiosis do homologous
chromosomes separate? A) anaphase II D) anaphase I | back 37 D |
front 38 Which of the following statements describes a major difference
between meiosis II and mitosis in a diploid animal? D) Crossing over of chromosomes takes place in meiosis II. | back 38 C |
front 39 Which of the following statements describes a major difference
between mitosis and meiosis I in a diploid organism? B) Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, while homologous pairs of
chromosomes separate in meiosis II. | back 39 A |
front 40 Crossing over of chromosomes normally takes place during which of the
following processes? C) mitosis | back 40 B |
front 41 Which of the following statements describes one characteristic of
each chromosome in a cell during the entire process of meiosis
I? C) Each chromosome consists of a single strand of DNA. | back 41 B |
front 42 During which of the following processes do homologous pairs of
chromosomes align adjacent to one another at the metaphase plate of a
cell? C) telophase II of meiosis | back 42 B |
front 43 During which of the following phases of meiosis do centromeres split
and sister chromatids migrate to opposite poles of the cell? C) anaphase II | back 43 C |
front 44 During which of the following processes does independent assortment
of chromosomes occur? C) in mitosis and meiosis I | back 44 A |
front 45 For a species with a haploid number of 23 chromosomes, how many
different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes are
possible for the gametes based on the independent assortment of
chromosomes during meiosis? B) 46 | back 45 D |
front 46 Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of which of the
following processes? A) the random way each pair of homologous
chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I C) the random distribution of the sister chromatids to the two daughter cells during anaphase II D) the diverse combination of alleles that may be found within any given chromosome | back 46 A |
front 47 Which of the following processes occurs when homologous chromosomes
cross over in meiosis I? C) Corresponding segments of non-sister chromatids are
exchanged. | back 47 C |
front 48 How does natural selection apply to sexual reproduction as opposed to
asexual reproduction? A) Sexual reproduction results in many new gene
combinations, some of which will lead to differential
reproduction. C) Sexual reproduction allows the greatest number of offspring to be produced. D) Sexual reproduction utilizes far less energy than asexual reproduction. | back 48 A |
front 49 The bulldog ant has a diploid number of two chromosomes. Therefore,
following meiosis, each daughter cell will have a single chromosome.
In addition to mutations, how might genetic diversity be generated in
this species? B) independent assortment only | back 49 C |
front 50 Which of the following processes facilitates the fastest way for
organisms to adapt to a changing environment? C) sexual reproduction | back 50 C |
front 51 magine that there are 25 different species of protists living in a tide pool. Some of these species reproduce both sexually and asexually, and some of them can reproduce only asexually. The pool gradually becomes infested with disease-causing viruses and bacteria. Which species are more likely to thrive in the changing environment? A) The sexually reproducing species is likely to thrive. | back 51 A |
front 52 In eukaryotes, genetic information is passed to the next generation
by processes that include mitosis or meiosis. Which of the following
explanations correctly identifies the process and supports the claim
that heritable information is passed from one generation to
another? B) Mitosis, followed by cytokinesis, produces daughter cells that
are genetically different from the parent cell, thus insuring
variation within the population. D) Single-celled organisms can fuse their cells, reproducing asexually through mitosis to form new cells that are not identical to the parent cell. | back 52 C |
front 53 Genetic variation leads to genetic diversity in populations and is
the raw material for evolution. Biological systems have multiple
processes, such as reproduction, that affect genetic variation. They
are evolutionarily conserved and shared by various organisms. Which of
the following statements best represents the connection between
reproduction and evolution? | back 53 D |
front 54 A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is A) a
sperm. D) a somatic cell of a male. | back 54 A |
front 55 The two homologs of a pair move toward opposite poles of dividing
cell during A) mitosis. D) fertilization. | back 55 B |
front 56 Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that | back 56 A |
front 57 If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I will be A)
0.25x. D) 2x. | back 57 D |
front 58 If we continue to follow the cell lineage from question 4, then the
DNA content of a single cell at metaphase of meiosis II will be C) x. | back 58 C |