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Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, Chapter 5 The Skeletal System

front 1

Spongy bone is indicated by letter __________.

back 1

A

front 2

The area that causes the lengthwise growth of a long bone is indicated by letter __________.

back 2

E

front 3

The area that serves as a storage area for fat in adults is indicated by letter __________.

back 3

H

front 4

The diaphysis is indicated by letter __________.

back 4

C

front 5

The distal epiphysis is indicated by letter __________.

back 5

I

front 6

The area that contains glassy hyaline cartilage that provides a smooth slippery surface which decreases friction is indicated by letter __________.

back 6

D

front 7

The frontal bone is indicated by letter __________

back 7

L

front 8

The femur is indicated by letter __________.

back 8

H

front 9

The fibula is indicated by letter __________.

back 9

X

front 10

The sternum is indicated by letter __________.

back 10

O

front 11

The radius bone is indicated by letter __________.

back 11

Q

front 12

The mandible is indicated by letter __________.

back 12

N

front 13

The scapula is indicated by letter __________.

back 13

D

front 14

The phalanges of the foot are indicated by letter __________.

back 14

Z

front 15

The sacrum is indicated by letter __________.

back 15

R

front 16

The most important minerals stored in bones are: A) calcium and iron

B) sodium and phosphorus

C) sodium and potassium

D) calcium and phosphorus

E) calcium and potassium

back 16

D

front 17

The type of tissue shown in Figure 5.3 is found mostly in:

A) articular cartilage

B) yellow marrow

C) the diaphysis

D) the epiphysis

E) short bones

back 17

C

front 18

Which of the following groups of bones in the human body, categorized according to shape, is correct:

A) wrist and ankle bones - long bones

B) arm and leg bones - short bones

C) skull bones - flat bones

D) coxal bones - irregular bones

E) cranium - sesamoid bones

back 18

D

front 19

Which of the following bone categories is composed of two layers of compact bone sandwiching a layer of spongy bone between them:

A) compact bone

B) irregular bone

C) flat bone

D) long bone

E) sesamoid bone

back 19

C

front 20

The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by dense connective tissue fibers called: A) Volkmann's canals

B) a bony matrix with hyaline cartilage

C) Sharpey's fibers

D) endochondral bone

E) articular cartilage

back 20

C

front 21

In adults, the function of the yellow marrow is to:

A) store adipose tissue

B) form blood cells

C) store calcium and phosphorus

D) cause lengthwise growth in long bones

E) decrease friction at joint surfaces

back 21

A

front 22

The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that:

A) bone is dead

B) bone length is no longer increasing

C) bone diameter is increasing

D) bone diameter is decreasing

E) bone length is increasing

back 22

E

front 23

Osteons are characteristic of __________.

A) articular cartilage

B) spongy bone

C) compact bone

D) yellow marrow

E) Sharpey's fibers

back 23

C

front 24

The bone cells within lacunae receive nourishment from blood vessels through passageways called:

A) Haversian canals

B) perforating canals

C) lamellae

D) medullary cavities

E) canaliculi

back 24

E

front 25

A shallow, basin-like depression in a bone often serving as an articular surface is a:

A) sinus

B) meatus

C) fossa

D) foramen

E) groove

back 25

C

front 26

A round or oval opening through a bone is a:

A) facet

B) fossa

C) foramen

D) fissure

E) trochanter

back 26

C

front 27

Which of these are bone-forming cells:

A) osteocytes

B) canaliculi

C) osteoclasts

D) osteoblasts

E) lamellae

back 27

D

front 28

The canal that runs through the core of each osteon contains:

A) cartilage and lamellae

B) osteoclasts and osteoblasts

C) yellow marrow and Sharpey's fibers

D) blood vessels and nerve fibers

E) red marrow

back 28

D

front 29

The small cavities in bone tissue where osteocytes are found are called:

A) lacunae

B) Volkmann's canals

C) Haversian canals

D) trabeculae

E) lamellae

back 29

A

front 30

What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo:

A) elastic connective tissue

B) dense fibrous connective tissue

C) fibrocartilage

D) hyaline cartilage

E) loose fibrous connective tissue

back 30

D

front 31

Which of the following is an example of a bone that forms from fibrous membranes:

A) the parietal bone

B) the radius

C) the humerus

D) the femur

E) the tibia

back 31

A

front 32

The factor(s) that determine where bone matrix is to be remodeled is (are):

A) sex hormones

B) growth hormone

C) stresses of gravity and muscle pull on the skeleton

D) parathyroid hormone (PTH)

E) calcium level of the blood

back 32

C

front 33

There are four stages in the healing of a bone fracture. Which of the following best illustrates the sequence of these stages:

1. bony callus formation

3. fibrocartilage callus formation

2. bone remodeling

4. hematoma formation

A) 4, 3, 2, 1

B) 4, 3, 1, 2 C) 1, 2, 3, 4

D) 1, 3, 4, 2

E) 1, 3, 2, 4

back 33

B

front 34

What type of cell does parathyroid hormone (PTH) activate:

A) osteocyte

B) osteoblast

C) osteoclast

D) periosteum

E) lacunae

back 34

C

front 35

A compound fracture can be described as when:

A) the bone is crushed

B) the broken bone ends are forced into each other

C) the broken bone is exposed to the outside

D) the bone is broken into many fragments

E) adjacent bones fracture simultaneously

back 35

C

front 36

A bone fracture where the bone is broken into many fragments is a:

A) compound fracture

B) simple fracture

C) comminuted fracture

D) compression fracture

E) greenstick fracture

back 36

C

front 37

A fracture that is common in children, whose bones have relatively more collagen in their matrix and are more flexible than those of adults, is a(n):

A) impacted fracture

B) spiral fracture

C) depressed fracture

D) greenstick fracture

E) open fracture

back 37

D

front 38

A fracture that is common in osteoporotic bones is a(n):

A) impacted fracture

B) compression fracture

C) spiral fracture

D) depressed fracture

E) simple fracture

back 38

B

front 39

The axial skeleton contains:

1. skull

2. arms and legs

3. ribs and sternum

4. vertebrae

5. pelvic girdles

A) 1, 3, 4, 5

B) 1, 3, 4

C) 2, 5

D) 2, 3, 4, 5

E) 1, 2, 3, 5

back 39

B

front 40

The suture found between the parietal and temporal bone is the:

A) squamous suture

B) lambdoid suture

C) sagittal suture

D) coronal suture

E) both the squamous suture and the sagittal suture

back 40

A

front 41

All of the following facial bones are paired except one. Which of the following is the unpaired facial bone:

A) palatine

B) lacrimal

C) vomer

D) maxillae

E) zygomatic

back 41

C

front 42

The middle nasal conchae are part of the:

A) maxillae

B) sphenoid bone

C) nasal bone

D) vomer bone

E) ethmoid bone

back 42

E

front 43

Which of these bones is NOT associated with the foot:

A) talus

B) calcaneus

C) metatarsals

D) tarsals

E) metacarpals

back 43

E

front 44

The hyoid bone is unique because:

A) it is the only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone

B) it has an unusual shape

C) it is covered with mucosa

D) it has no specific function

E) it largely consists of cartilage

back 44

A

front 45

The sella turcica is part of the __________ bone. A) parietal

B) ethmoid

C) sphenoid

D) temporal

E) frontal

back 45

C

front 46

There are __________ vertebrae in the neck region.

A) five thoracic

B) seven lumbar

C) seven cervical

D) twelve thoracic

E) five lumbar

back 46

C

front 47

Transverse foramina are found in the:

A) sacrum

B) coccyx

C) thoracic vertebrae

D) lumbar vertebrae

E) cervical vertebrae

back 47

E

front 48

The atlas is the:

A) last lumbar vertebra

B) first thoracic vertebra

C) part of the sacrum

D) second cervical vertebra

E) first cervical vertebra

back 48

E

front 49

Which is the correct order of ribs, from superior to inferior:

A) floating ribs, true ribs, false ribs

B) floating ribs, false ribs, true ribs

C) true ribs, false ribs, floating ribs

D) true ribs, floating ribs, false ribs

E) false ribs, floating ribs, true ribs

back 49

C

front 50

The sternum is the result of fusion of three bones called the:

A) ischium, ilium, coccyx

B) pubis, ischium, ilium

C) manubrium, body, xiphoid process

D) jugular notch, sternal angle, xiphisternal joint

E) true ribs, manubrium, xiphoid process

back 50

C

front 51

The greater trochanter is located on the:

A) radius

B) humerus

C) fibula

D) tibia

E) femur

back 51

E

front 52

The tailbone is the:

A) ischium

B) sacrum

C) pubis

D) coccyx

E) patella

back 52

D

front 53

Which of the following is correct of the female pelvis when comparing it with the male pelvis: A) the angle of the female pubic arch is smaller B) the distance between the female ischial spines is greater

C) the distance between the female ischial tuberosities is less

D) the female iliac bones are less flared

E) the female pelvis as a whole is deeper, and the bones are heavier and thicker

back 53

B

front 54

The type of joint shown in Figure 5.4 is:

A) a suture

B) a fibrous joint

C) an amphiarthrotic joint

D) a cartilaginous joint

E) a synovial joint

back 54

E

front 55

A structure found on the femur is the:

A) anterior crest

B) trochlea

C) lateral malleolus

D) intercondylar fossa

E) medial malleolus

back 55

D

front 56

Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are __________, whereas articulations permitting no movement are called __________.

A) amphiarthroses; synarthroses

B) synarthroses; amphiarthroses

C) diarthroses; amphiarthroses

D) amphiarthroses; diarthroses

E) diarthroses; synarthroses

back 56

A

front 57

Fingers and toes are referred to as:

A) tarsals

B) metacarpals

C) phalanges

D) metatarsals

E) carpals

back 57

C

front 58

Which of these bones is NOT a long bone found in the leg:

A) femur

B) patella

C) fibula

D) metatarsals

E) tibia

back 58

B

front 59

Four of the five answers listed below are parts of the same anatomical area. Select the exception.

A) humerus

B) radius

C) scapula

D) fibula

E) clavicle

back 59

D

front 60

Bone formation can be referred to as:

A) osteoporosis

B) rickets

C) ossification

D) gout

E) osteoarthritis

back 60

C

front 61

Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain bones. (T/F)

back 61

True

front 62

The diaphysis of a long bone is composed of spongy bone. (T/F)

back 62

False

front 63

All flat bones are formed from hyaline cartilage. (T/F)

back 63

False

front 64

Osteoblasts respond to the parathyroid hormone (PTH). (T/F)

back 64

False

front 65

The master gland of the body (pituitary gland) is housed in a saddlelike depression in the temporal bone called the sella turcica. (T/F)

back 65

False

front 66

Ribs numbered 11 and 12 are true ribs because they have no anterior attachments. (T/F)

back 66

False

front 67

The zygomatic bones form the cheekbones. (T/F)

back 67

True

front 68

The spinal cord passes through the body of each vertebra. (T/F)

back 68

False

front 69

Most of the stress on the vertebral column occurs on the sturdiest vertebrae in the sacral region. (T/F)

back 69

False

front 70

In anatomical position, the lateral lower leg bone is the fibula. (T/F)

back 70

True

front 71

There are seven cervical, twelve thoracic, and five lumbar vertebrae. (T/F)

back 71

True

front 72

Spinal curvatures that are present at birth are called primary curvatures (the cervical and lumbar curvatures) and those that develop later are secondary curvatures (the thoracic and sacral curvatures). (T/F)

back 72

False

front 73

The heaviest, strongest bone in the body is the femur. (T/F)

back 73

True

front 74

Fontanels allow for growth of the brain. (T/F)

back 74

True

front 75

An incomplete fracture or cracking of the bone without actual separation of the parts

A) comminuted

B) compression

C) greenstick

D) depressed

E) impacted

back 75

C

front 76

Fracture where bone fragments into many pieces

A) comminuted

B) compression

C) greenstick

D) depressed

E) impacted

back 76

A

front 77

Fracture in which broken bone ends are forced into each other

A) comminuted

B) compression

C) greenstick

D) depressed

E) impacted

back 77

E

front 78

Type of fracture in which bone is crushed

A) comminuted

B) compression

C) greenstick

D) depressed

E) impacted

back 78

B

front 79

Type of fracture in which the broken bone portion is pressed inward

A) comminuted

B) compression

C) greenstick

D) depressed

E) impacted

back 79

D

front 80

Cells that can dissolve the bony matrix

A) epiphyseal plate

B) canaliculi

C) Sharpey's fibers

D) osteoblasts

E) osteons

F) epiphyseal line

G) lacunae

H) lamellae

I) osteocytes

J) osteoclasts

back 80

J

front 81

Layers of calcification that are found in bone

A) epiphyseal plate

B) canaliculi

C) Sharpey's fibers

D) osteoblasts

E) osteons

F) epiphyseal line

G) lacunae

H) lamellae

I) osteocytes

J) osteoclasts

back 81

H

front 82

Small channels that radiate through the matrix of bone

A) epiphyseal plate

B) canaliculi

C) Sharpey's fibers

D) osteoblasts

E) osteons

F) epiphyseal line

G) lacunae

H) lamellae

I) osteocytes

J) osteoclasts

back 82

B

front 83

Cells that can build bony matrix

A) epiphyseal plate

B) canaliculi

C) Sharpey's fibers

D) osteoblasts

E) osteons

F) epiphyseal line

G) lacunae

H) lamellae

I) osteocytes

J) osteoclasts

back 83

D

front 84

Area where bone growth takes place

A) epiphyseal plate

B) canaliculi

C) Sharpey's fibers

D) osteoblasts

E) osteons

F) epiphyseal line

G) lacunae

H) lamellae

I) osteocytes

J) osteoclasts

back 84

A

front 85

Wrist Joint

A) hinge joint

B) ball-and-socket joint

C) plane joint

D) pivot joint

E) saddle joint

F) condyloid jont

back 85

C

front 86

Shoulder joint

A) hinge joint

B) ball-and-socket joint

C) plane joint

D) pivot joint

E) saddle joint

F) condyloid jont

back 86

B

front 87

Elbow joint

A) hinge joint

B) ball-and-socket joint

C) plane joint

D) pivot joint

E) saddle joint

F) condyloid jont

back 87

A

front 88

Knuckle joints

A) hinge joint

B) ball-and-socket joint

C) plane joint

D) pivot joint

E) saddle joint

F) condyloid jont

back 88

F

front 89

Joint between atlas and axis

A) hinge joint

B) ball-and-socket joint

C) plane joint

D) pivot joint

E) saddle joint

F) condyloid jont

back 89

F

front 90

Patella

A) irregular bone

B) flat bone

C) short and sesamoid bone

D) short bone

E) long bone

back 90

C

front 91

Femur

A) irregular bone

B) flat bone

C) short and sesamoid bone

D) short bone

E) long bone

back 91

E

front 92

Carpals

A) irregular bone

B) flat bone

C) short and sesamoid bone

D) short bone

E) long bone

back 92

D

front 93

Ulna

A) irregular bone

B) flat bone

C) short and sesamoid bone

D) short bone

E) long bone

back 93

E

front 94

Atlas

A) irregular bone

B) flat bone

C) short and sesamoid bone

D) short bone

E) long bone

back 94

A

front 95

Sternum

A) irregular bone

B) flat bone

C) short and sesamoid bone

D) short bone

E) long bone

back 95

B

front 96

Fibula

A) irregular bone

B) flat bone

C) short and sesamoid bone

D) short bone

E) long bone

back 96

E

front 97

Coxal Bone

A) irregular bone

B) flat bone

C) short and sesamoid bone

D) short bone

E) long bone

back 97

A

front 98

True ribs

A) irregular bone

B) flat bone

C) short and sesamoid bone

D) short bone

E) long bone

back 98

B

front 99

Parietal bones

A) irregular bone

B) flat bone

C) short and sesamoid bone

D) short bone

E) long bone

back 99

B