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Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 3
front 1  The illustration of simple cuboidal epithelium is ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E | back 1 B |
front 2 The illustration of skeletal muscle tissue is ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E | back 2 E |
front 3 The illustration of stratified squamous epithelium is ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E | back 3 D |
front 4 The illustration of simple squamous epithelium is ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E | back 4 A |
front 5 The illustration of cardiac muscle tissue is ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E | back 5 C |
front 6 Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the ________. A) nucleolus B) cytoplasm C) interstitial fluid D) extracellular fluid | back 6 B |
front 7 The specialized cellular compartments within the cytosol of the cell are collectively called ________. A) organelles B) cilia C) flagella D) microvilli | back 7 A |
front 8 ________, a type of cell junction, anchor adjacent cells together and prevent cells from being pulled apart. A) Tight junctions B) Gap junctions C) Desmosomes D) Cytoplasm | back 8 C |
front 9 The phospholipid tails are ________, which make the plasma membrane impermeable to water. A) water-loving B) hydrophilic C) polar D) hydrophobic | back 9 D |
front 10 The organelle responsible for making the majority of ATP in a cell is the ________. A) Golgi apparatus B) mitochondrion C) rough endoplasmic reticulum D) lysosome | back 10 B |
front 11 The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called ________. A) gap junctions B) tight junctions C) desmosomes D) microvilli | back 11 B |
front 12 The ________ is a network of proteins that forms an internal framework for the cell. A) mitochondrion B) cytoskeleton C) rough endoplasmic reticulum D) Golgi apparatus | back 12 B |
front 13 The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ________. A) facilitated diffusion B) endocytosis C) solute pumping D) osmosis | back 13 D |
front 14 The nucleoplasm and cytosol make up the ________ fluid. A) interstitial B) intracellular C) extracellular D) nuclear | back 14 B |
front 15 The movement of substances through the cell membrane against their concentration gradient is a type of ________ process. A) active B) passive C) diffusion D) filtration | back 15 A |
front 16 The nucleotides of DNA join in a complementary way in which adenine pairs with ________ while cytosine pairs with ________. A) adenine; cytosine B) uracil; guanine C) thymine; guanine D) guanine; thymine | back 16 C |
front 17 In cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is ________. A) mitosis B) interphase C) cytokinesis D) meiosis | back 17 C |
front 18 The period of the cell cycle when the cell grows and performs its metabolic activities is ________. A) anaphase B) interphase C) metaphase D) telophase | back 18 B |
front 19 The purpose of ________ is to produce two genetically identical cells. A) interphase B) cell division C) DNA replication D) protein synthesis | back 19 B |
front 20 The DNA segment that carries information for building one protein or polypeptide chain is called a(n) ________. A) codon B) gene C) anticodon D) amino acid | back 20 B |
front 21 The two steps of protein synthesis, in the correct order, are ________ and ________. A) transcription; translation B) replication; mitosis C) mitosis; cytokinesis D) transcription; replication | back 21 A |
front 22 Groups of cells that are similar in both structure and function are known as ________. A) organs B) organ systems C) tissues D) atoms | back 22 C |
front 23 Epithelial tissues have one free surface or edge known as the ________ surface. A) basement B) apical C) matrix D) attached | back 23 B |
front 24 The type of tissue consisting of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix is ________ tissue. A) epithelial B) connective C) muscle D) nervous | back 24 B |
front 25 ________ glands possess ducts that transport secretions onto epithelial surfaces. A) Endocrine B) Adrenal C) Thyroid D) Exocrine | back 25 D |
front 26 The type of epithelial tissue found lining organs of the digestive system such as the small intestines is ________. A) simple columnar B) simple cuboidal C) pseudostratified columnar D) simple squamous | back 26 A |
front 27 The cell type found in nervous tissue is the ________. A) fibroblast B) osteocyte C) neuron D) chondrocyte | back 27 C |
front 28 ________ tissue is commonly called fat. A) Adipose B) Bone C) Reticular D) Dense fibrous | back 28 A |
front 29 ________ muscle tissue has no visible striations and has spindle-shaped cells. A) Smooth B) Cardiac C) Skeletal D) Dense regular | back 29 A |
front 30 Many layers of flattened cells should be termed ________ epithelial tissue. A) stratified columnar B) stratified squamous C) pseudostratified columnar D) simple squamous | back 30 B |
front 31  The cell shown in Figure 3.2 has been placed into a(n) ________ solution. A) hypertonic B) hypotonic C) isotonic D) equilibrium | back 31 B |
front 32 The structural and functional unit of all living things is the ________. A) nucleus B) element C) cytoplasm D) cell E) organelle | back 32 D |
front 33 Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory? A) The biochemical activities of cells depends on the number of their subcellular structures. B) The human body is composed of 50 to 100 trillion cells. C) Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. D) The activity of an organism depends on its collective cellular activities. E) The continuity of life has a cellular basis. | back 33 B |
front 34 What is the arrangement of the phospholipids as a substance passes through the plasma membrane? A) phospholipid head, phospholipid tails, phospholipid head, phospholipid tails B) phospholipid head, phospholipid head, phospholipid tails, phospholipid tails C) phospholipid head, phospholipid tails, phospholipid tails, phospholipid head D) phospholipid tail, phospholipid head, phospholipid tail E) phospholipid tails, phospholipid head, phospholipid head, phospholipid tails | back 34 C |
front 35 Which of the following is NOT a structural component of the nucleus? A) nuclear envelope B) nucleolus C) Golgi apparatus D) chromatin E) nuclear pores | back 35 C |
front 36 Nutrients and ions can pass directly from cell to cell through special membrane junctions known as ________. A) desmosomes B) gap junctions C) inclusions D) microvilli E) tight junctions | back 36 B |
front 37 The three major components of the cytoplasm are the ________. A) cytosol, organelles, and inclusions B) cytosol, inclusions, and nucleoli C) cytosol, organelles, and nucleoli D) organelles, inclusions, and nucleoli E) organelles, inclusions, and ribosomes | back 37 A |
front 38 Which of the following is NOT considered a cytoplasmic organelle? A) mitochondrion B) Golgi apparatus C) flagellum D) rough endoplasmic reticulum E) peroxisome | back 38 C |
front 39 The preparation of secretory vesicles for export from the cell is the responsibility of the ________. A) mitochondrion B) Golgi apparatus C) cytoskeleton D) peroxisome E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum | back 39 B |
front 40 The organelle that contains enzymes produced by ribosomes and packaged by the Golgi apparatus is the ________. A) Golgi apparatus B) lysosome C) peroxisome D) ribosome E) rough endoplasmic reticulum | back 40 B |
front 41 The movement of fluid through the cell membrane from a high pressure area to a lower pressure area is called ________. A) active transport B) bulk transport C) osmosis D) diffusion E) filtration | back 41 E |
front 42 Passive processes that move substances across membranes ________. A) utilize ATP B) employ protein pumps C) transport substances against their concentration gradients D) require no ATP E) include exocytosis and endocytosis | back 42 D |
front 43 Osmosis transports water across membranes using ________. A) ATP B) solute pumping C) aquaporins D) sodium-potassium pump E) vesicles | back 43 C |
front 44 What assists the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion? A) ATP B) protein carrier or channel C) lysosomes D) aquaporins E) solute pumps | back 44 B |
front 45 What is required for diffusion to occur? A) protein carrier or channel B) concentration gradient C) ATP D) solute pump E) ribosomes | back 45 B |
front 46 Two types of endocytosis are ________. A) cellular secretion and solute pumping B) solute pumping and active transport C) active transport and phagocytosis D) phagocytosis and pinocytosis E) pinocytosis and passive transport | back 46 D |
front 47 Which of the following substances must travel across a membrane via facilitated diffusion? A) carbon dioxide B) water C) oxygen D) fat-soluble vitamins E) glucose | back 47 E |
front 48 Which of the following processes require the use of protein carrier molecules? A) facilitated diffusion and solute pumping B) facilitated diffusion and vesicular transport C) vesicular transport and osmosis D) osmosis and filtration E) filtration and exocytosis | back 48 A |
front 49 A cell is isotonic to its 4% dextrose solution. When moved to a 6% dextrose solution, that cell will ________. A) shrink B) plump C) bloat D) rupture E) lyse | back 49 A |
front 50 The portion of the cell's life cycle that does NOT involve cell division is known as ________. A) interphase B) mitosis C) metaphase D) prophase E) cytokinesis | back 50 A |
front 51 The molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into a protein is ________. A) ATP B) messenger RNA (mRNA) C) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) D) DNA E) transfer RNA (tRNA) | back 51 E |
front 52 The correct order of phases of the mitosis is ________. A) prophase, interphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase B) prophase, anaphase, telophase, metaphase C) metaphase, anaphase, prophase, telophase D) telophase, metaphase, anaphase, prophase E) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase | back 52 E |
front 53 The process of transcription ________. A) produces ATP from glucose and oxygen B) transfers information from DNA into mRNA C) occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell D) creates proteins from mRNA E) translates nucleic acids into amino acids | back 53 B |
front 54 Sequences of three bases found in messenger RNA (mRNA) are called ________. A) anticodons B) deoxyribose sugars C) codons D) ribosomes E) amino acids | back 54 C |
front 55 The two major phases of protein synthesis are ________. A) transcription and replication B) mitosis and interphase C) replication and translation D) transcription and translation E) synthesis and cytokinesis | back 55 D |
front 56 Which of the following represents a segment of RNA? A) AUGUCA B) ATGCTA C) TGCGTT D) CTGTGG E) GTCATA | back 56 A |
front 57 DNA replication takes place during ________. A) interphase B) prophase C) metaphase D) anaphase E) telophase | back 57 A |
front 58 During transcription, which base pairs with adenine of DNA in the newly formed molecule of RNA? A) thymine B) adenine C) uracil D) cytosine E) guanine | back 58 C |
front 59 If the sequence of nitrogenous bases in one strand of DNA is GTA-GCA, the sequence of bases on its complementary DNA strand would be ________. A) CAU-CGU B) CAT-CGT C) GAU-GCU D) GAT-GCT E) ACG-ATT | back 59 B |
front 60 A tissue constructed of a single layer of flattened cells is known as ________. A) simple squamous epithelium B) simple columnar epithelium C) simple cuboidal epithelium D) stratified squamous epithelium E) transitional epithelium | back 60 A |
front 61 Which type of tissue conducts electrochemical impulses? A) epithelial tissue B) muscle tissue C) nervous tissue D) connective tissue E) dense tissue | back 61 C |
front 62 Which of the following is NOT classified as a connective tissue? A) bone B) cartilage C) blood D) skeletal muscle E) adipose | back 62 D |
front 63 Which type of tissue is situated in the lining of the urinary bladder and urethra where stretching occurs? A) simple cuboidal epithelium B) stratified squamous epithelium C) simple squamous epithelium D) pseudostratified columnar epithelium E) transitional epithelium | back 63 E |
front 64 The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive extracellular matrix is called ________. A) epithelial tissue B) connective tissue C) nervous tissue D) muscle tissue E) brain tissue | back 64 B |
front 65 Which of the following epithelial tissues is composed of many layers of cells? A) pseudostratified columnar epithelium B) simple squamous epithelium C) simple columnar epithelium D) simple cuboidal epithelium E) stratified squamous epithelium | back 65 E |
front 66 Bone is best described as ________. A) dense connective tissue B) epithelial tissue C) adipose tissue D) areolar tissue E) osseous tissue | back 66 E |
front 67 Identify the type of connective tissue that is found in lymph nodes, the spleen, and bone marrow. A) adipose tissue B) dense connective tissue C) areolar tissue D) reticular connective tissue E) osseous tissue | back 67 D |
front 68 Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________. A) exocrine B) endocrine C) sebaceous D) ceruminous E) sudoriferous | back 68 B |
front 69 Which of these characteristics best describes cardiac muscle tissue? A) movement is involuntary and cells possess striations B) attached to the skeleton C) movement is voluntary and cells possess striations D) single nucleus and spindle-shaped cells E) multinucleate and long, cylindrical cells | back 69 A |
front 70 The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach, and in the walls of blood vessels is ________. A) cardiac muscle B) skeletal muscle C) smooth muscle D) both smooth muscle and skeletal muscle E) both cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle | back 70 C |
front 71 The presence of chondrocytes indicates that a tissue is ________. A) adipose B) cartilage C) bone D) blood E) areolar | back 71 B |
front 72 Damaged tissues that are repaired by the same kind of cells experience a replacement process known as ________. A) inflammation B) regeneration C) fibrosis D) scarring E) clotting | back 72 B |
front 73 Intercalated discs found in cardiac muscle tissue are ________. A) tight junctions B) phagocytes C) gap junctions D) signet ring cells E) desmosomes | back 73 C |
front 74 Jacinda tore her Achilles (calcaneal) tendon during a recent track meet. She has injured ________. A) muscle tissue B) loose connective tissue C) epithelial tissue D) dense connective tissue E) nervous tissue | back 74 D |
front 75 Looking into a microscope, you notice cells swimming, propelled by a long tail. What cell structure must these cells have in order to be mobile? A) ribosomes B) smooth ER C) flagella D) peroxisomes E) cytoplasm | back 75 C |
front 76 Which of the following tissues is constructed of many collagen fibers? A) blood B) scar tissue C) transitional epithelium D) pseudostratified columnar epithelium E) simple cuboidal epithelium | back 76 B |
front 77 Which type of connective tissue is avascular? A) adipose B) bone C) cartilage D) areolar E) reticular | back 77 C |
front 78 A cancer drug interferes with the development of mitotic spindle fibers during cell division. Which phase is directly affected? A) prophase B) telophase C) anaphase D) metaphase E) interphase | back 78 A |
front 79 Neurons and neuroglia are components of ________. A) epithelial tissue B) connective tissue C) nervous tissue D) muscle tissue E) granulation tissue | back 79 C |
front 80 Which tissue performs peristalsis to move substances, such as food, through the hollow organs of the body? A) skeletal muscle tissue B) transitional epithelium C) cardiac muscle tissue D) nervous tissue E) smooth muscle tissue | back 80 E |
front 81  The tissue shown in Figure 3.3 most likely ________. A) contracts to produce movement B) transmits electrochemical impulses C) covers and lines body surfaces D) stores fat E) contains a matrix | back 81 C |
front 82 T/F: Chromatin and chromosomes are both composed of DNA. | back 82 True |
front 83 T/F: Phospholipid tails are hydrophilic and are attracted to water. | back 83 False |
front 84 T/F: Protein synthesis occurs on lysosomes in the cell. | back 84 False |
front 85 T/F: The process of facilitated diffusion requires energy | back 85 False |
front 86 T/F: Osmosis is the process of water moving down the concentration gradient | back 86 True |
front 87 T/F: Peroxisomes detoxify harmful or poisonous substances, such as alcohol. | back 87 True |
front 88 T/F: Sperm are the only cells in the human body to possess cilia. | back 88 False |
front 89 T/F: Mitotic spindles guide the separation of chromosomes during mitosis | back 89 True |
front 90 T/F: Anaphase is the stage of cell division when the cleavage furrow first appears. | back 90 True |
front 91 T/F: Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm, whereas mitosis is the division of the nucleus. | back 91 True |
front 92 T/F: Translation is the stage of protein synthesis during which a complementary mRNA molecule is synthesized from a DNA template. | back 92 False |
front 93 T/F: Stratified epithelium consists of one layer of epithelial cells. | back 93 False |
front 94 T/F: Epithelial tissues are often well vascularized and contain an extracellular matrix. | back 94 False |
front 95 T/F: The matrix of hyaline cartilage consists of abundant collagen fibers hidden in a rubbery matrix | back 95 True |
front 96 T/F: Muscle tissue is located in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves | back 96 False |
front 97 Cytokinesis is completed A) prophase B) anaphase C) metaphase D) telophase | back 97 D |
front 98 Centrioles separate and move toward opposite sides of the cell A) prophase B) anaphase C) metaphase D) telophase | back 98 A |
front 99 Chromosomes cluster and align at the center of the spindle A) prophase B) anaphase C) metaphase D) telophase | back 99 C |
front 100 Nucleoli appear in each daughter cell A) prophase B) anaphase C) metaphase D) telophase | back 100 D |
front 101 Chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell A) prophase B) anaphase C) metaphase D) telophase | back 101 B |
front 102 Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate A) prophase B) anaphase C) metaphase D) telophase | back 102 C |
front 103 Spindle breaks down and disappears A) prophase B) anaphase C) metaphase D) telophase | back 103 D |
front 104 Nuclear envelope and nucleoli break down and disappear A) prophase B) anaphase C) metaphase D) telophase | back 104 A |
front 105 Cleavage furrow squeezes the cell into two parts A) prophase B) anaphase C) metaphase D) telophase | back 105 D |
front 106 Type of active transport in which sodium and potassium are pumped across a membrane using ATP A) Solute pumping B) Osmosis C) Endocytosis D) Diffusion | back 106 A |
front 107 Type of passive process in which water is moved through aquaporins A) Solute pumping B) Osmosis C) Endocytosis D) Diffusion | back 107 B |
front 108 Type of passive process in which molecules move across the plasma membrane down a concentration gradient A) Solute pumping B) Osmosis C) Endocytosis D) Diffusion | back 108 D |
front 109 Type of active process in which the cell engulfs extracellular substances by phagocytosis or pinocytosis A) Solute pumping B) Osmosis C) Endocytosis D) Diffusion | back 109 C |
front 110 Type of tissue that has an apical surface and a basement membrane A) connective tissue B) nervous tissue C) muscle tissue D) epithelial tissue | back 110 D |
front 111 Type of tissue that consists of living cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix A) connective tissue B) nervous tissue C) muscle tissue D) epithelial tissue | back 111 A |
front 112 Type of tissue that is specialized to contract and produce movement A) connective tissue B) nervous tissue C) muscle tissue D) epithelial tissue | back 112 C |
front 113 Type of tissue that can be simple or stratified A) connective tissue B) nervous tissue C) muscle tissue D) epithelial tissue | back 113 D |
front 114 Type of tissue that is found in the brain and spinal cord A) connective tissue B) nervous tissue C) muscle tissue D) epithelial tissue | back 114 B |
front 115 Type of tissue that can be described as voluntary or involuntary A) connective tissue B) nervous tissue C) muscle tissue D) epithelial tissue | back 115 C |
front 116 Type of tissue that contains collagen, elastic, or reticular fibers A) connective tissue B) nervous tissue C) muscle tissue D) epithelial tissue | back 116 A |
front 117 Type of tissue that is common in glands and their ducts A) connective tissue B) nervous tissue C) muscle tissue D) epithelial tissue | back 117 D |
front 118 Type of tissue that supports, protects, and binds tissues together A) connective tissue B) nervous tissue C) muscle tissue D) epithelial tissue | back 118 A |
front 119 Type of tissue that can be classified as loose or dense A) connective tissue B) nervous tissue C) muscle tissue D) epithelial tissue | back 119 A |
front 120 Type of tissue whose two functional characteristics are irritability and conductivity A) connective tissue B) nervous tissue C) muscle tissue D) epithelial tissue | back 120 B |