front 1 adenine | back 1 (biochemistry) purine base found in DNA and RNA |
front 2 amino acid | back 2 basic building block of protein |
front 3 anticodon | back 3 group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon |
front 4 cell cycle | back 4 series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide |
front 5 chromosome | back 5 threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next |
front 6 codon | back 6 a specific sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid |
front 7 cytosine | back 7 Nitrogen base that pairs with guanine. |
front 8 deoxyribose | back 8 five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides |
front 9 DNA | back 9 deoxyribonucleic acid |
front 10 DNA Polymerase | back 10 enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule |
front 11 double helix | back 11 two strands of nucleotides wound about each other; structure of DNA |
front 12 enzyme | back 12 specialized proteins that speed up chemical reactions |
front 13 exon | back 13 sequence of a gene's DNA that transcribes into protein structures |
front 14 gene/genome/genetic code | back 14 (genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain |
front 15 guanine | back 15 The base that pairs with Cytosine in DNA |
front 16 helicase | back 16 an enzyme that untwists the double helix at the replication forks, separating the two parental strands and making them available as template strands |
front 17 histone | back 17 protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin |
front 18 hydrogen bond | back 18 the bond between the nitrogenous bases of DNA |
front 19 intron | back 19 sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein |
front 20 lagging / leading strands | back 20 DNA strand that must be synthesized during replication in the direction opposite from the replication fork |
front 21 ligase | back 21 An enzyme that connects two fragments of DNA to make a single fragment; also called DNA ligase. This enzyme is usedd during DNA replication and is also used in recombinant DNA research. |
front 22 mRNA | back 22 messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome |
front 23 nitrogenous base | back 23 an organic base that contains nitrogen, such as a purine or pyrimidine; a subunit of a nucleotide in DNA and RNA |
front 24 nucleic acid | back 24 an organic compound, either RNA or DNA, whose molecules are made up of one or two chains of nucleotides and carry genetic information |
front 25 nucleosome | back 25 bead-like structure in eukaryotic chromatin, composed of a short length of DNA wrapped around a core of histone proteins |
front 26 nucleotide | back 26 Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
front 27 Okazaki Fragments | back 27 Short fragments of DNA that are a result of the synthesis of the lagging strand during DNA replication. |
front 28 peptide bonds | back 28 Bonds between amino acids |
front 29 phosphodiester bond | back 29 Strong covalent bond holding the carbon-3 atom of one nucleotide (deoxyribose sugar) to the phosphate group of another nucleotide |
front 30 polypeptide | back 30 A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. |
front 31 protein synthesis | back 31 the formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA |
front 32 purine | back 32 a nitrogenous base that has a double-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; either adenine or guanine |
front 33 pyrimidine | back 33 a nitrogenous base that has a single-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; thymine, cytosine, or uracil |
front 34 replication | back 34 copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA |
front 35 ribose | back 35 a five-carbon sugar present in RNA |
front 36 ribosome | back 36 small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein |
front 37 RNA Polymerase | back 37 enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription |
front 38 rRNA | back 38 ribosomal RNA; type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome |
front 39 semi-conservative | back 39 method of replication that implies that each new strand of DNA is half original and half new |
front 40 template | back 40 a model or standard for making comparisons |
front 41 thymine | back 41 a base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine |
front 42 transcription | back 42 (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA |
front 43 translation | back 43 (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm |
front 44 tRNA | back 44 transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome |
front 45 uracil | back 45 a nitrogen-containing base found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine |