front 1 All muscle types will respond to an electrical stimulus because all
muscle cells are ________. | back 1 D |
front 2 Skeletal muscle is called ________ because it is usually subject to conscious control. A) contractile | back 2 B |
front 3 When a skeletal muscle lengthens, its ________ helps resist excessive stretching and subsequent injury to the muscle. A) troponin-tropomyosin complex | back 3 D |
front 4 Extensibility refers to the ability of a muscle to stretch. A) True | back 4 A |
front 5 The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of a muscle fiber. A) True | back 5 A |
front 6 Clinically, dystrophin is the most important noncontractile protein to occur in muscle fibers. A) True | back 6 A |
front 7 A deficiency of acetylcholine receptors leads to muscle paralysis in myasthenia gravis. A) True | back 7 A |
front 8 An isometric contraction does not change muscle length. A) True | back 8 A |
front 9 Which of the following is predominately made up of myosin? A) G actin | back 9 D |
front 10 Which muscle(s) can contract without the need for nervous stimulation? A) Smooth muscle only | back 10 D |
front 11 80% of the lactic acid produced by skeletal muscle is converted to pyruvic acid by the ________. A) liver | back 11 D |
front 12 Shortening a muscle while it maintains constant tension is called ________. A) complete tetanus | back 12 B |
front 13 Which of the following is an accurate comparison of skeletal muscle to smooth muscle? A) Smooth muscle contracts more rapidly but relaxes more slowly.
| back 13 C |
front 14 If one nerve stimulus arrives at a muscle fiber so soon that the fiber has only partially relaxed from the previous twitch, the most likely result will be ________. A) incomplete tetanus | back 14 A |
front 15 To stimulate muscle contraction, acetylcholine is released from the ________ into the synaptic cleft. A) sarcoplasmic reticulum | back 15 C |
front 16 The absence or inhibition of acetylcholinesterase at a synapse would lead to ________. A) muscle wasting | back 16 D |
front 17 Athletes who train at high altitudes increase their red blood cell count, which increases their oxygen supply during exercise. Increased oxygen supply results in ________. A) increased glycolysis | back 17 C |
front 18 Cardiac muscle has very little capacity for regeneration because it lacks ________. A) satellite cells | back 18 A |
front 19 Drugs called calcium channel blockers may be used to lower blood pressure by causing arteries to vasodilate. How do you suppose these drugs work? A) They prevent calcium from entering smooth muscle, thus allowing
the muscle to relax. | back 19 A |
front 20 The sarcolemma of a resting muscle fiber is most permeable to ________. A) lithium | back 20 C |
front 21 Which of the following is not a characteristic of a muscle cell? A) Conductivity | back 21 D |
front 22 Loss of muscle mass from lack of activity is called ________. A) apathy | back 22 C |
front 23 Most neurons have multiple dendrites. A) True | back 23 A |
front 24 Unipolar neurons have only a single process leading away from the soma. A) True | back 24 A |
front 25 In the brain, neurons are more abundant than neuroglia. A) True | back 25 B |
front 26 Which of the following are effectors? A) Sense organs | back 26 D |
front 27 What is another name for the autonomic nervous system? A) Somatic motor division | back 27 C |
front 28 Nerves are ________ of the nervous system. A) organ systems | back 28 D |
front 29 The term "nerve fiber" refers to a(n) ________. A) organ | back 29 B |
front 30 Most metabolic and regulatory functions in a neuron happen where? A) The axon hillock | back 30 C |
front 31 What is the primary site on a neuron for receiving signals from other neurons? A) The somas | back 31 D |
front 32 In a neuron, the opening of sodium gates typically leads to ________. A) depolarization of the plasma membrane | back 32 A |
front 33 A myelin sheath is composed primarily of ________. A) proteins | back 33 B |
front 34 An inhibitory local potential causes which of the following? A) Repolarization of the plasma membrane | back 34 B |
front 35 Local potentials are ________, whereas action potentials are ________. A) nondecremental; decremental | back 35 C |
front 36 When the voltage of a plasma membrane shifts from +35mV towards 0 mV, the cell is ________. A) reaching the threshold | back 36 D |
front 37 During the absolute refractory period which of the following is true? A) No stimulus of any strength will trigger a new action potential.
| back 37 A |
front 38 A cholinergic synapse uses ________ as its neurotransmitter. A) monoamine | back 38 D |
front 39 Parkinson disease is a progressive loss of motor function due to the degeneration of specific neurons. These neurons secrete an inhibitory neurotransmitter that prevents excessive activity in motor centers of the brain. What neurotransmitter is this? A) Dopamine | back 39 A |
front 40 While both systems maintain homeostasis, how does the nervous system differ from the endocrine system? A) The nervous system releases hormones into the blood, while the
endocrine system releases neurotransmitters between cells. | back 40 D |
front 41 Ascending signals in the spinal cord travel via gray matter, while descending signals travel via white matter. A) True | back 41 B |
front 42 Each portion of the spinal cord, from which a spinal nerve emerges, is called a "segment" of the cord. A) True | back 42 A |
front 43 A ganglion is a swelling along a nerve containing the cell bodies of peripheral neurons. A) True | back 43 A |
front 44 Voluntary motor signals typically begin in an upper motor neuron in the thalamus. A) True | back 44 B |
front 45 Posterior root ganglia contain somas of unipolar neurons. A) True | back 45 A |
front 46 ) The tendon reflex is the inhibition of a muscle's contraction that occurs when its tendon is excessively stretched. A) True | back 46 A |
front 47 The signals that control your handwriting travel down the spinal cord in the ________ tracts. A) spinocerebellar | back 47 D |
front 48 Which of the following sensory functions involves neurons in the posterior root ganglion? A) Taste | back 48 C |
front 49 Which of the following is not considered a region of the spinal cord? A) Thoracic | back 49 C |
front 50 Which of the following fractures would be the least likely to cause a spinal cord injury? A) A fracture of vertebra C2 | back 50 B |
front 51 The middle layer of the meninges is called the ________. A) arachnoid mater | back 51 A |
front 52 Voluntary motor impulses leave the spinal cord via the ________ of gray matter. A) posterior column | back 52 C |
front 53 Cerebrospinal fluid fills the space between the ________. A) dural sheath and dura mater | back 53 B |
front 54 Which of the following structures is the richest in lipid content? A) White matter | back 54 A |
front 55 Which of the following is contained within gray matter? A) Neurosomas, dendrites, and proximal parts of axons of neurons
| back 55 A |
front 56 Motor commands are carried by ________ from the brain along the spinal cord. A) spinal nerves | back 56 D |
front 57 Eyes and ears are innervated by ________ fibers. A) visceral | back 57 D |
front 58 Which of the following is comprised of anterior rami from C5-T1? A) Coccygeal plexus | back 58 D |
front 59 A nurse pricks your finger to type your blood. You flinch at the pain, pulling your hand back. This is called the ________ reflex. A) flexor (withdrawal) | back 59 A |
front 60 You go to the movies after a long day and you begin to nod off as soon as the movie starts. Your head starts to lower a little, but a reflex causes your head to rise. This is called the ________ reflex. A) crossed extension | back 60 B |
front 61 The cerebellum exhibits folds called gyri separated by grooves called sulci. A) True | back 61 A |
front 62 The blood-brain barrier (BBB) helps prevent hemorrhages in the nervous tissue of the brain. A) True | back 62 B |
front 63 The amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus are involved in such feelings as love, anger, fear, pleasure, and pain. A) True | back 63 A |
front 64 The right and left cerebral hemispheres are separated from each other by ________. A) many sulci | back 64 D |
front 65 From superficial to deep, the meninges occur in which order? A) Pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater | back 65 D |
front 66 The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is most permeable to which of the following? A) Glucose and oxygen | back 66 A |
front 67 Which structures create the blood brain barrier (BBB)? A) Tight junctions between endothelial cells that form the
capillary walls | back 67 A |
front 68 A patient is experiencing a high fever, stiff neck, drowsiness, and intense headaches. A spinal tap showed bacteria and white blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This individual most likely has what condition? A) Parkinson disease | back 68 D |
front 69 Where are the cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers found? A) Pons | back 69 B |
front 70 The reticular formation is a web of ________ scattered throughout the ________. A) neurosomas; hypothalamus | back 70 D |
front 71 There are no cranial nerves associated with which part of the brain? A) Thalamus | back 71 D |
front 72 Nearly all the somatosensory input to the cerebrum passes by way of synapses in which region of the brain? A) Hypothalamus | back 72 C |
front 73 Sex drive, body temperature, and food and water intake are regulated by which part of the brain? A) Hypothalamus | back 73 A |
front 74 Where are the hippocampus and amygdala found? A) Limbic system | back 74 A |
front 75 Short-term memory is associated with the ________, whereas long-term memory is associated with the ________. A) cerebral cortex; amygdala | back 75 C |
front 76 The pyramidal cells of the precentral gyrus are called ________ neurons. A) lower motor | back 76 D |
front 77 The autonomic nervous system is composed of ganglia in the central nervous system and ganglia in the periphery. A) True | back 77 B |
front 78 Most autonomic efferent pathways involve one neuron. A) True | back 78 B |
front 79 The parasympathetic division stimulates digestion. A) True | back 79 A |
front 80 ) The adrenal medulla is a modified sympathetic ganglion. A) True | back 80 A |
front 81 Fibers of the vagus nerve end very near or within their target organs. A) True | back 81 A |
front 82 All sympathetic postganglionic adrenergic fibers secrete adrenaline. A) True | back 82 A |
front 83 All autonomic output originates in the central nervous system. A) True | back 83 A |
front 84 The autonomic nervous system controls all of the following except the ________. A) skeletal muscle in the rectus abdominis | back 84 A |
front 85 The background rate of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity is called ________. A) visceral tone | back 85 D |
front 86 In response to high blood pressure, stretch receptors called ________ in the walls of arteries carrying blood to the head, will trigger a reflex that causes the heart to ________ its beats per minute. A) chemoreceptors; increase | back 86 B |
front 87 The motor pathway of the autonomic nervous system usually involves ________ neurons. A) two | back 87 A |
front 88 Preganglionic fibers run from the ________ to the ________. A) posterior root ganglia; gray matter | back 88 C |
front 89 The adrenal medulla secretes mostly ________. A) norepinephrine (noradrenaline) | back 89 D |
front 90 The solar plexus is used as a name for the ________. A) the celiac and mesenteric ganglia | back 90 A |
front 91 Which of the following is not a characteristic of the enteric nervous system? A) It does not arise from the brainstem. | back 91 C |
front 92 The parasympathetic division arises from the ________ regions of the spinal cord. A) sacral and lumbar | back 92 B |
front 93 Olfaction results from the stimulation of chemoreceptors A) True | back 93 A |
front 94 Taste signals travel from the tongue through the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves. A) True | back 94 A |
front 95 The ossicles belong to the middle ear A) True | back 95 A |
front 96 Light falling on the retina is absorbed by rhodopsin and photopsin in the pigment epithelium. A) True | back 96 B |
front 97 Vitamin A is necessary for the synthesis of rhodopsin. A) True | back 97 A |
front 98 Changes in blood pressure are detected by ________ in certain arteries. A) thermoreceptors | back 98 D |
front 99 Pain, heat, and cold are detected by ________. A) tactile corpuscles | back 99 D |
front 100 In a taste bud, which cell produces a receptor potential? A) Sensory nerve fibers | back 100 D |