front 1 Which process occurs where a glacier enters the sea? a) kaming b) calving c) surging d) drowning | back 1 calving |
front 2 The ____ of the geologic time scale represents the time of the most recent "Ice Age". a) Pleisocene era b) Pliocene era c) Pleistocene epoch d) Pliocene era | back 2 Pleistocene epoch |
front 3 ____ is one of two major flow mechanisms in a glacier. a) Basal slip b) Crevassal slip c) Frost heaving d) Morainal sliding | back 3 basal slip |
front 4 Where is the world's largest icesheet located today? a) Greenland b) Russia, Siberia c) Iceland d) Antarctica | back 4 Antarctica |
front 5 Approximately how long ago did the last of the great North American ice sheets melt? a) 1,500 yrs b) 1.5 million yrs c) 15,000 yrs d) 150,000 yrs | back 5 15,000 yrs |
front 6 A fjord is ____. a) a stream valley, deepened by glacial erosion, that floods as sea level rises b) a glacier-cut valley that is dammed by an end moraine and a large lake is formed c) a glacier-cut valley which sinks below sea level due to glacial rebound after the ice melts d) a large, kettle pocked moraine left as an island when sea level rises following melting of the ice. | back 6 a stream valley, deepened by glacial erosion, that floods as sea level rises |
front 7 Where is the world's second largest continental icesheet? a) Iceland b) Greenland c) Antarctica d) Siberian Russia | back 7 Greenland |
front 8 A(n) ____ is simialr in appearance to a sinkhole of a karst area. a) moraine b) esker c) cirque d) kettle | back 8 kettle |
front 9 Abrasion and plucking generally involve what part of a glacier? a) the internal, flowage zone b) the snout zone c) the surface, brittle zone d) the basal, sliding zone | back 9 the basal, sliding zone |
front 10 A ____ cross-valley profile is typical of canyons and valleys eroded and deepened by alpine or valley glaciers. a) U b) Y c) V d) S | back 10 U |
front 11 ____ are erosional features produced by vallet/alpine glaciers. a) moraines b) cirques c) eskers d) drumlines | back 11 cirques |
front 12 A ____ is an erosional feature specifically produced by alpine glaciation. a) lateral morain b) drumlin c) crevasse spur d) U-shaped valley | back 12 U-shaped valley |
front 13 A(n) ____ is likely to host a waterfall or steep rapids today. a) outwash plain b) hanging valley c) striated drumlin d) horn peak | back 13 hanging valley |
front 14 A ____ would logically be situated next to a large end moraine or terminal moraine. a) cirque b) fjord c) pluvial lake d) outwash plain | back 14 outwash plain |
front 15 Which of the following is often associated with a cirque basin in high, mountainous terrain? a) loon lake ba) kettle pond c) tarn lake d) arete pond | back 15 tarn lake |
front 16 ____ is an irregular, usually thin till layer laid down by a retreating glacier. a) terminal morain b) outwash blanket c) kame sheet d) ground moraine | back 16 ground moraine |
front 17 All of the following are thought to possibly contribute to the formation of glaciers except for ____. a) eccentricity b) precession c) comets d) plate tectonics | back 17 comets |
front 18 Which of the following best describes the term glacial drift? a) floating of icebergs southward from the north polar seas b) slow, plastic flow movement in the brittle zone of a glaciar c) the sedimentary materials outwash and till d) the slow, southward advance of the continental icesheets over Canada and North America during the Pleistocene | back 18 the sedimentary materials outwash and till |
front 19 Which of the following statements concerning glacial deposits is not true? a) till is deposited directly from the ice, outwash is depositd by meltwater streams b) glacial erratics are blocks of rock that are too large for the glacier to move c) tills are poorly sorted and the fragments are mostly angular d) outwash is mainly stratified sand and gravel | back 19 glacial erratics are blocks of rock that are too large for the glacier to move |
front 20 What type of moraine is formed by the merging of two lateral moraines at a junction of two valley glaciers? a) medial b) recessional c) ground d) kettle | back 20 medial |
front 21 T/F When aglacier is retreating, the upstream ice is still moving forward toward the downstream terminus of the glacier. | back 21 true |
front 22 T/F Crevasses are short, narrow cracks in the plastic flow zone of a glacier that alternately open and close as the ice flows along. | back 22 false |
front 23 T/F The downstream end or snout of a glacier advances over peiods of time during which ablation exceeds accumulation. | back 23 false |
front 24 T/F Till is an unsorted sediment deposited directly from the melting glacial ice; stream action is not involved | back 24 true |
front 25 T/F Arêtes, horns, and U-shaped valleys are erosional features carved from bedrock by glaciers. | back 25 true |
front 26 T/F Sand and gravel deposited by glacial meltwater streams are known as outwash till or stratified till. | back 26 true |
front 27 T/F In the north-central United States, much of the land north of the Ohio and Missouri Rivers was covered by one or more of the Pleistocene icesheets. | back 27 true |
front 28 T/F Surges in glacial movement are probably related to unusually fast rates of basal sliding. | back 28 true |
front 29 T/F Rock flour consists of silt-sized, rock and mineral particles produced by glacial abrasion. | back 29 true |
front 30 T/F Eskers and kames are deposited by meltwater streams, they are composed of stratified sand and gravel. | back 30 true |
front 31 T/F Essentricity, obliquity, and precession are three factors involved in the Milankovitch astronomical explanation of why the Pleistocene continental icesheets alternately grew and sharnk in size. | back 31 true |
front 32 T/F A cirque represents an erosional feature formed in what was an important accumulation zone for snow and ice at the upstream head of a glacier. | back 32 true |
front 33 Unusually rapid, forward movement of glaciers are called ____. a) crevasse b) U-shaped c) fjord d) esker e) drumlin ab) kettle ac) cirque ad) hanging valley ae) ablation bc) fracture bd) surges be) plastic flow; basal slip | back 33 surges |
front 34 List the two, major mechanisms of glacial flow. a) crevasse b) U-shaped c) fjord d) esker e) drumlin ab) kettle ac) cirque ad) hanging valley ae) ablation bc) fracture bd) surges be) plastic flow; basal slip | back 34 plastic flow; basal slip |
front 35 What term describes open fissures in the brittle, surface ice of a gacier? a) crevasse b) U-shaped c) fjord d) esker e) drumlin ab) kettle ac) cirque ad) hanging valley ae) ablation bc) fracture bd) surges be) plastic flow; basal slip | back 35 crevasse |
front 36 What general term denotes wastage of a glacier? a) crevasse b) U-shaped c) fjord d) esker e) drumlin ab) kettle ac) cirque ad) hanging valley ae) ablation bc) fracture bd) surges be) plastic flow; basal slip | back 36 ablation |
front 37 Valleys deeply eroded by alpine glaciers have what characteristic, cross-valley profile? a) crevasse b) U-shaped c) fjord d) esker e) drumlin ab) kettle ac) cirque ad) hanging valley ae) ablation bc) fracture bd) surges be) plastic flow; basal slip | back 37 U-shaped |
front 38 What term denotes a glacial valley that was partly flooded as sea level rose? a) crevasse b) U-shaped c) fjord d) esker e) drumlin ab) kettle ac) cirque ad) hanging valley ae) ablation bc) fracture bd) surges be) plastic flow; basal slip | back 38 fjord |
front 39 Bowl-shaped depressions in bedrock at upstream ends of alpine glacial valleys are called ____. a) crevasse b) U-shaped c) fjord d) esker e) drumlin ab) kettle ac) cirque ad) hanging valley ae) ablation bc) fracture bd) surges be) plastic flow; basal slip | back 39 cirque |
front 40 The upper 40 meters or so of a glacier is known as the zone of ____. a) crevasse b) U-shaped c) fjord d) esker e) drumlin ab) kettle ac) cirque ad) hanging valley ae) ablation bc) fracture bd) surges be) plastic flow; basal slip | back 40 fracture |
front 41 ____ are glacier-cut valleys that flooded as sea level rose in post-glacial times. a) crevasse b) U-shaped c) fjord d) esker e) drumlin ab) kettle ac) cirque ad) hanging valley ae) ablation bc) fracture bd) surges be) plastic flow; basal slip | back 41 fjord |
front 42 ____ are smoothly tapered, elongated hills of till, shaped by an overriding continental icesheet. a) crevasse b) U-shaped c) fjord d) esker e) drumlin ab) kettle ac) cirque ad) hanging valley ae) ablation bc) fracture bd) surges be) plastic flow; basal slip | back 42 drumlin |
front 43 A(n) ____ is a closed depression formed by melting of an ice block buried in a moraine or outwash plain. a) crevasse b) U-shaped c) fjord d) esker e) drumlin ab) kettle ac) cirque ad) hanging valley ae) ablation bc) fracture bd) surges be) plastic flow; basal slip | back 43 kettle |