Whether an organism will be genetically male or female is determined by

A. hormonal, genetic and environmental factors
B. prenatal hormone exposure
C. the egg
D. the sperm
E. the egg and sperm equally

D

The gene that codes for the testis-determining factor (TDF) is found in or on

A. Y chromosome
B. X chromosome
C. gonadal ridges
D. fetal testes
E. mesonephros

A

The penis is homologous to

A. labia minora
B. mons pubis
C. urethra
D. vagina
E. clitoris

E

The ____ is the gonad and the ____ is the gamete.

A. testis; ovary
B. testis; semen
C. testis; sperm
D. sperm; semen
E. semen; sperm

C

Descent of the testes is stimulated by the

A. presence of Y chromosome
B. presence of the X chromosome
C. absence of the X chromosome
D. presence of testosterone
E. presence of estrogens

D

The ____ is an example of the female external genitalia.

A. scrotum
B. clitoris
C. uterine tube
D. seminal vesicle
E. vagina

B

The ___ is the small, bilateral organ found lateral to the membranous urethra.

A. seminal vesicle
B. urethra
C. bulbourethral gland
D. prostate gland
E. ejaculatory duct

C

The gold-ball sized structure found inferior to the urinary bladder, and surrounding the most proximal portion of the urethra, is called the

a. seminal vesicle
b. urethra
c. bulbourethral gland
d. prostate gland
e. ejaculatory duct

D

The _____ is the site of sperm and storage

a. spermatic cord
b. epididymis
c. rete testis
d. seminiferous tubules
e. ductus (vas) deferens

B

The deep region of the penis, surrounding the urethra, that engorges with blood during an erection is known as the

a. epididymis
b. corpus spongiosum
c. corpus cavernosum
d. scrotum
e. ductus (vas) deferens

B

Which of the following is the correct pathway of sperm cells from their formation to ejaculation?

a. seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, urethra, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferns
b. seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferns, urethra
c. seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ductus deferns, ejaculatory duct, urethra
d. seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ductus deferns, ejaculatory duct, urethra
e. seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, urethra, ductus deferns

D

When it is cold, the ____ contracts and draws the testes closer to the body to keep them warm.

a. cremaster muscle
b. pampiniform plexus
c. corpus spongiosum
d. perineum
e. corpus cavernosum

A

The countercurrent heat exchanger that prevents arterial blood from overheating the testes is

a. rete testis
b. epididymis
c. pampiniform plexus of veins
d. blood-testis barrier
e. scrotal portal system

C

Which of the following is true regarding the blood-testis barrier

a. it prevents antibodies in the blood from getting to the germ cells
b. it prevents heat loss from the testes
c. it prevents blood from getting to the testes
d. it maintains testis temperature at 35C
e. it maintains testis temperature at 37C

A

By volume, most of the semen is produced in the

a. testes
b. penis
c. prostate gland
d. seminal vesicles
e. bulbourethral glands

D

Which of the following are NOT found in the seminiferous tubules.

a. interstitial (Leydig) cells
b. germ cells
c. sustentacular (Sertoli) cells
d. spermatidsd
e. corpus cavernosum cells

E

The penile urethra is enclosed by the

a. corpus cavernosum
b. corpus spongiosum
c. trabecular muscle
d. prepuce
e. frenulum

B

Men have only one ____

a. bulbourethral gland
b. prostate gland
c. ejaculatory duct
d. seminal duct
e. corpus cavernosum

B

Why would an enlarges prostate interfere with urination?

a. it inhibits urine production
b. it developed calcified deposits that block the urethra
c. it produces thicker prostatic secretions that block the urethra
d. it inhibits the micturition reflex
e. it compresses the urethra

E

Which of the following does NOT play a role in thermoregulation of the testes

a. the bulbospongiosus muscle
b. the cremaster muscle
c. the pampiniform plexus of veins
d. the countercurrent heat exchanger
e. the dartos muscle

A

When do the testes start secreting testosterone?

a. in the first trimester of fetal development
b. in the first trimester after birth
c. in the first three years after birth
d. in the first three years of adolescence
e. after the first ejaculation

A

Which of the following hormones directly stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics?

a. estrogen
b. inhibin
c. luteinizing hormone
d. follicle stimulating hormone
e. testosterone

E

Which of the following is an androgen?

a. estrogen
b. proesterone
c. testosterone
d. luteinizing hormone (LH)
e. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

C

_____ stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to secrete _____.

a. gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); LH
b. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
c. luteinizing hormone (LH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
d. luteinizing hormone (LH); testosterone
e. luteinizing hormone (LH); estrogen

D

Which hormone suppresses spermatogenesis without affecting testosterone secretion?

a. gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
b. testosterone itself
c. inhibin
d. luteinizing hormone (LH);
e. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

C

The _____ has/have no androgen receptors and do not respond to it.

a. germ cells
b. muscular cells
c. sustentacular cells
d. hypothalamus
e. pituitary gland

A

Which of the following is inhibited by testosterone

a. libido
b. development of secondary sex organs
c. development of secondary sex characteristics
d. gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion
e. sperm production

D

Changes called male climacteric are a consequence of

a. increased secretion of estrogens
b. increased secretion of progesterone
c. decrease secretion of testosterone
d. increased secretion of FSH and LH
e. increase secretion of GnRH

C

The haploid result of meiosis I is called a

a. spermatogonium
b. secondary spermatocyte
c. primary spermatocyte
d. spermatid
e.sperm

B

In the process of spermiogenesis, ____ become _____.

a. spermatocytes; spermatozoa
b. spermatozoa; spermatids
c. spermatogonia; spermatodytes
d. spermatocytes; spermatids
e. spermatids; spermatoza

E

In meiosis, each parent cell produces

a. two haploid cells
b. four haploid cells
c. two diploid cells
d. four diploid cells
e. haploid cells that are identical to the parent cell

B

The process of spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis begins with a ____ and ends with four _____

a. sperm cell; interstitial cells
b. sperm cell; sustentacular cells
c. secondary spermatocytes; spermatocytes in general
d. secondary spermatocytes; germ cells
e. germs cells; gametes

E

At the end of meiosis I there are _____, whereas at the end of meiosis II there is/are _____.

a. two diploid cells; one diploid cell
b. two diploid cells; one haploid cell
c. two diploid cells; four haploid cells
d. two haploid cells; four haploid cells
e. two haploid cells; one diploid cellD

D

Which of the following is the most important role of meiosis in sexual reproduction

a. it reduces the size of the gametes
b. it produces at least one gamete that is mobile
c. it prevents the chromosome number from doubling in each generation
d. it ensures that each daughter cell doubles the number of chromosomes
e. it changes the genetic composition of each chromosome

C

at what stage does a developing sperm cell begin to grow a tail?

a. spermatozoon
b. spermatid
c. primary spermatocyte
d. secondary spermatocyte
e. spermatogonium

B

Sperm cells get energy to power their movement from _____, which is contributed by the ____.

a. prostaglandins; prostate gland
b. sucrose; bulbourethral gland
c. fructose; seminal vesicles
d. seminogelin; prostate gland
e. semen; seminiferous gland

C

Male infertility (sterility) refers to

a. the inability to fertilize an egg
b. low sperm count
c. a lack of seminal fluid during ejaculation
d. low levels of testosterone
e. the inability to have an erection

A

The acrosome contains enzymes used to

a. dissolve the mucosa of the vagina
b. dissolve the mucosa of the uterus
c. dissolve the stickiness of the semen
d. penetrate the vagina
e. penetrate barriers surrounding the ovum

E

____ have 46 chromosomes, whereas _____ have 23.

a. spermatids; spermatozoa
b. primary spermatocytes; spermatids
c. secondary spermatocytes; primary spermatocytes
d. spermatogonia; primary spermatocytes
e. type A spermatogonia; type B spermatogonia

B

A sperm count any lower than ____ million sperm per mL of semen is usually associated with infertility (sterility)

a. 250to 500
b. 200 to 250
c. 100 to 200
d. 50 to 100
e. 20 to 25

E

Dilation of the ____ causes the lacunae to fill with blood and the penis to become erect.

a. helicine arteries
b. internal pudendal (penile) arteries
c. dorsal arteries
d. dorsal veins
e. deep arteries

E

The orgasm-emission phase of the male sexual response is stimulated by

a. efferent sympathetic signals from the sacral region of the spinal cord
b. efferent sympathetic signals from the lumbar region of the spinal cord
c. efferent parasympathetic signals from the sacral region of the spinal cord
d. efferent parasympathetic signals from the lumbar region of the spinal cord
e. efferent somatic signals from the thoracic region of the spinal cord

B

Which of the following explains the neural mechanism of an erection

a. it is an autonomic reflex mediated predominantly by parasympathetic nerve fibers
b. it is an autonomic reflex mediated predominantly by sympathetic nerve fibers
c. it is a somatic reflex mediated predominantly by parasympathetic nerve fibers
d. it is a somatic reflex mediated predominantly by sympathetic nerve fibers
e. it is an exclusively voluntary action mediated by the cerebral cortex

A

Heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate peak during the

a. excitement phase
b. erection of the penis
c. climax (orgasm)
d. plateau phase
e. resolution phase

C

Sidlenafil (viagra) prolongs erection by

a. activating nitric oxide (NO) production
b. inactivating guanylate cyclase
c. stimulating production of cGMP
d. inhibiting degradation of cGMP
e. inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production

D

Which of the following is NOT a change in the male body that results from puberty?

a. deepening of the voice
b. gain in muscle mass
c. growth of the scrotum and penis
d. acne
e. these are all changes associated with male puberty

E

Which of the following is NOT a function of the sustentacular cells?

a. they secrete inhibin
b. they secrete androgen-binding protein
c. they secrete testosterone
d. they protect and support the germ cells
e. their tight junctions form the blood-testis barrier

C

The penis is innervated by the _____ nerve

a. internal pudendal
b. obturator
c. penile
d. ventral
e.external pudendal

A