front 1 What are the Five Primary Functions of the Skeletal System? | back 1 Support; Storage of Minerals (calcium) and Lipids (yellow marrow); Blood Cell Production (red marrow); Protection; Leverage (force of motion) |
front 2 ____________ bones are small, irregular bones found between the flat bones of the skull. Their borders are like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. | back 2 Sutural |
front 3 Spinal vertebrae, pelvic bones are examples of ___________________.
Have complex shapes with | back 3 Irregular Bones |
front 4 _____________ are boxlike in appearance. Examples include
the | back 4 Short bones |
front 5 ____________ are thin with parallel surfaces found in the skull, sternum, ribs, and scapulae. | back 5 Flat Bones |
front 6 _____________ are relatively long and slender. They are | back 6 Long bones |
front 7 _________________ are usually small, round, and flat. They develop inside tendons and are most often encountered near joints at the knee, the hands, and the feet. | back 7 Sesamoid bones |
front 8 ___________ is a projection or bump on a bone. | back 8 Process |
front 9 __________ is an extension of a bone that forms an angle with the rest of the structure. | back 9 Ramus |
front 10 _____________ is a chamber within a bone, normally filled with air | back 10 Sinus |
front 11 _____________ is a rounded passageway for blood vessels and/or nerves. | back 11 Foramen |
front 12 __________ is a deep furrow, cleft, or slit. | back 12 Fissure |
front 13 ___________ passage or channel, especially the opening | back 13 Meatus |
front 14 ________ is a duct or channel. | back 14 Canal |
front 15 __________________ is dense, supportive connective tissue that contains specialized cells and produces solid matrix of calcium salt deposits around collagen fibers. | back 15 Bone (Osseous) Tissue |
front 16 _______________ form pathways for blood vessels and exchange nutrients and wastes. | back 16 Canaliculi |
front 17 ________________ covers outer surfaces of bones and consists of outer fibrous and inner cellular layers. | back 17 Periosteum |
front 18 Two-thirds of bone matrix is ______________________. | back 18 calcium phosphate, Ca3(PO4)2 |
front 19 One-third of bone matrix is ______________________. | back 19 protein fibers (collagen) |
front 20 _____________ make up only 2 percent of bone mass. | back 20 Bone Cells |
front 21 Osteocytes, Osteoblasts, Osteoprogenitor cells, and Osteoclasts are types of _____________. | back 21 bone cells |
front 22 _____________ are mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix and live in lacunae. Are between layers (lamellae) of matrix and connect by cytoplasmic extensions through canaliculi in lamellae. Do not divide | back 22 Osteocytes |
front 23 The functions of ________________ is to maintain protein and mineral content of matrix; and To help repair damaged bone | back 23 Osteocytes |
front 24 _________________ are immature bone cell that secretes osteoid, the organic component of bone matrix | back 24 Osteoblast |
front 25 _____________________ are mesenchymal stem cells that divide to produce osteoblasts. They are located in endosteum, the inner cellular layer of periosteum and assist in fracture repair | back 25 Osteoprogenitor Cells |
front 26 ______________ is a stem cell whose divisions produce osteoblasts | back 26 Osteogenic cell |
front 27 _____________ are a multinucleate cell that secretes acids and enzymes to dissolve bone matrix | back 27 Osteoclast |
front 28 Osteocytes are arranged in _____________________ around a central canal containing blood vessels | back 28 concentric lamellae |
front 29 ________________ perpendicular to the central canal and carry blood vessels into bone and marrow. | back 29 Perforating canals |
front 30 ___________________ are lamellae wrapped around the long bone | back 30 Circumferential lamellae |
front 31 In which of the following does bone replace existing cartilage? | back 31 endochondral ossification |
front 32 Which of the following allows a bone to increase in diameter or width? | back 32 appositional growth |
front 33 Giant multinucleated cells involved in the process of osteolysis are __________. | back 33 osteoclasts |
front 34 Unlike compact bone, spongy bone (also called cancellous bone) resembles a network of bony struts separated by spaces that are normally filled with __________. | back 34 bone marrow |
front 35 During intramembranous ossification, the developing bone grows outward from the ossification center in small struts called __________. | back 35 spicules |
front 36 Osteolysis is an important process in the regulation of __________. | back 36 calcium and phosphate concentrations in body fluids |
front 37 In the structure of Spongy Bone, the matrix forms an open network of trabeculae. The space between trabeculae is filled with __________________. | back 37 red bone marrow |
front 38 Spongy Bone does not have _________________. | back 38 osteons |
front 39 ______________ have no blood vessels | back 39 Trabeculae |
front 40 In some bones, spongy bone holds yellow bone marrow | back 40 fat |
front 41 The femur transfers weight from hip joint to knee joint causing _____________ on the lateral side of the shaft and ______________ on the medial side. | back 41 tension, compression |
front 42 _________________ actively deposit bone matrix. | back 42 Osteoblast |
front 43 _________________ recycle calcium salts in surrounding matrix. | back 43 Osteocytes |
front 44 _______________ derived from phagocytic monocytes of blood | back 44 Osteoclast |
front 45 _______________ mesenchymal cells that divide to form others | back 45 Osteoprogenitor cells |
front 46 _______________ a large rough projection. | back 46 Trochanter |
front 47 __________ is a narrow connection between the epiphysis and the diaphysis | back 47 Neck |
front 48 _________ is a shallow depression | back 48 Fossa |
front 49 ____________ is a smooth rounded articular surface. | back 49 condyle |
front 50 Isolates bone from surrounding tissues; Provides a route for circulatory and nervous supply; Participates in bone growth and repair are functions of the _________________. | back 50 periosteum |
front 51 The __________________ is an incomplete cellular layer containing osteoblasts, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts. | back 51 endosteum |
front 52 ________________________________ ossifies bones that originate as hyaline cartilage. Most bones originate as hyaline cartilage | back 52 Endochondral Ossification |