front 1 Which developmentalist is credited with having proposed the psychosocial theory of development? a. Erik Erikson b. lev vygotsky c. sigmund freud d. urie bronfenbrenner | back 1 A |
front 2 Which of the following represents the correct order of the first three stages of psychosocial development? a. basic trust vs. mistrust, initiative vs guilt, autonomy vs. shame and doubt b. autonomy vs. shame and doubt, basic trust vs. mistrust, initiative vs guilt c. initiative vs guilt, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, basic trust vs. mistrust d. basic trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs guilt | back 2 D |
front 3 according to erikson, which is the foundation of human development? a. autonomy b. initiative c. identity d. trust in oneself and others | back 3 D |
front 4 [Caden is a four month old child whose parents spend quite a bit of time with him. there is rarely a time when one of them is not holding him, and they always make sure to come to him when he cries in his crib. according to the first stage of Erikson's psychosocial theory of development, Caden should develop a sense of a. basic trust b. autonomy c. initiative d. guilt | back 4 A |
front 5 according to erikson, a proper balance of trust and mistrust leads children to develop a sense of ____________. a. efficacy b. hope c. equilibration d. egocentrism | back 5 B |
front 6 a blend of autonomy, shame, and doubt give rise to _________, the knowledge that, within limits, a youngster can act on his/her world with intentionality. a. industry b. hope c. will d. purpose | back 6 C |
front 7 four year old luticia pretends to be a doctor and has begun to realize that she needs to be responsible and cooperate with her parents. according to erikson, this indicates that she is beginning to achieve a sense of a. trust b. purpose c. intimacy d. will | back 7 B |
front 8 many parents play the "What do you want to be when you grow up?" game with their children. perhaps they don't realize that this question, in erikson's theory, helps preschoolers develop a sense of a. initiative b. industry c. autonomy d. basic trust | back 8 A |
front 9 place the following basic emotions in the chronological order in which they typically emerge: a. joy, anger, fear b. fear, joy, anger c. anger, joy, fear d. joy, fear, anger | back 9 A |
front 10 what is often the first indication that a child has developed the ability to experience the emotion of fear? a. stranger wariness b. separation anxiety c. egocentric dystonia d. generalized apprehension | back 10 A |
front 11 basic emotions include all but which of the following? a. surprise b. apathy c. distress d. disgust | back 11 B |
front 12 which of the following is not a complex emotion? a. pride b. guilt c. embarrassment d. surprise | back 12 D |
front 13 Complex emotions differ from basic emotions in that complex emotions require some understanding of a. self b. biology c. waking states d. purpose | back 13 A |
front 14 Which of the following children is experiencing a complex emotion? a. Ippy, who is surprised when his father sneezes loudly b. martita, who smiles deeply when her mother smiles at her c. michele, who sulks when her father catches her taking cookies that she knows she's not permitted to have d. malcolm, cries when his toy falls out of his crib | back 14 C |
front 15 there is a student who earned the highest score on a quiz in her math class. the teacher pointed out her triumph to the whole class, and her classmates applauded and told her how great she is. which of the following students would be most likely to be embarrassed by this public display? a. Yvan, who is a Guatemalan-American child b. Toin, who is a Korean-American child c. Mario, who is an Italian-American child d. Kjell, who is a European-American child | back 15 B |
front 16 As early as _________ month(s) of age, infants begin to distinguish facial expressions associated with different emotions. a. one b. three c. four d. six | back 16 C |
front 17 Infants, like adults, tend to pay more attention to faces depicting __________ emotions and pay attention to those faces for longer that other emotional displays. a. negative b. self-conscious c. positive d. complex | back 17 A |
front 18 Bowlby describes four phases in the growth of attachment. they are, in correct order: a. preattachment, attachment in the making, true attachment, and reciprocal relationship b. reciprocal relationship, attachment in the making, preattachment, and true attachment c. preattachment, attachment in the making, reciprocal relationship, and true attachment d. preattachment, attachment in the making, reciprocal relationship, attachment in the making, and true attachment | back 18 A |
front 19 Which of the following does research suggest is more emphasized by fathers as they interact with their babies? a. reading and talking to them b. showing them toys c. playing quiet games d. physical play | back 19 D |
front 20 Ainsworth created a research procedure that was/is used to test the different forms of attachment that may exist between a child and his/her caregiver. that procedure is called the __________. a. Visual Cliff b. Strange Situation c. Shockbox Experiment d. Apgar Protocol | back 20 B |
front 21 research has consistently found that approximately __________ percent of American babies have secure attachment relationships. a. 60-65 b. 40-45 c. 80-85 d. 25-30 | back 21 A |
front 22 research has found that children who have a(n) _________ attachment relationship with their parents have higher-quality friendships and fewer conflicts in their friendships than children with other types of attachments. a. avoidant b. resistant c. secure d. disorganized | back 22 C |
front 23 verna struggles with several different behavioral problems, including anxiety, anger, and aggressive actions. according to research presented by your authors, she is most likely to have had a(n) _____________ attachment relationship with her parents during her childhood. a. disorganized b. resistant c. avoidant d. secure | back 23 A |
front 24 many different factors contribute to the nature of attachment relationships between children and their parents. undoubtedly, the most important factor is a. the age at which parents begin fostering an attachment with their children b. the number of siblings in the home c. the interactions between parents and their babies d. genetic considerations | back 24 C |
front 25 The fact that infant Ricardo has come to expect that his mother is available when he needs her means that Ricardo has developed a. temperament b. parallel play c. an internal working model d. autonomy | back 25 C |
front 26 What is it that distinguishes 'early' make believe play from 'later' make believe play? a. the early play is usually abstract, while the later play is more concrete b. the early play is based in true fantasy, while the later play is based on variations of real life circumstances c. the early play usually requires realistic props, while the later play does not d. the early play is done solo, while the later play involves peers | back 26 C |
front 27 which statement is true regarding make-believe? a. it seems to promote cognitive development b. it is a sign of emotional disturbance c. children make believe the same things in all cultures d. it always involves imaginary companions | back 27 A |
front 28 According to your authors, children who engage in make believe play tend to be more advanced in several areas. which of the following is not one of them? a. centration b. language c. memory d. reasoning | back 28 A |
front 29 one year old mathieu is afraid of the dog because he saw his father react with fear to the same dog. which term best explains why mathieu is afraid? a. stranger wariness b. avoidant attachment c. complex emotions d. social referencing | back 29 D |
front 30 social ___________ refers to behavior in which infants in unfamiliar or ambiguous environments look at an adult for cues to help them interpret the situation. a. anxiety b. referencing c. balancing d. equilibration | back 30 B |
front 31 the suppression of fear, anger, and joy by adults based on social norms is an example of emotional ____________. a. regulation b. disinhibition c. equilibration d. referencing | back 31 A |
front 32 children who have difficulty with emotional regulation often encounter all but which of the following? a. problems solving problems b. difficulties adjusting to school c. conflicts with peers d. inadequate physical growth | back 32 D |
front 33 when children play alone but remain aware of an interested in what another child is doing, they are engaging in _________ play a. collaborative b. imitative c. onlooker d. parallel | back 33 D |
front 34 any behavior that benefits another person is ____________. a. acquiescent b. empathic c. prosocial d. constricting | back 34 C |
front 35 kimmy is playing with her doll in her yard, and is watching as shira-leah is playing with a similar doll in the yard across the street. shira-leah is also aware of and observing kimmy, but the two girls have not yet played together. these youngsters are engaging in ___________ play. a. collaborative b. imitative c. onlooker d. parallel | back 35 D |
front 36 the phrase, " interest but no interaction," best describes _______ play. a. cooperative b. simple social c. parallel d. make believe | back 36 C |
front 37 simple social play between toddlers typically begins a. between 12 and 15 months of age b. between 15 and 18 months of age c. between 18 and 21 months of age d. between 21 and 24 months of age | back 37 B |
front 38 nell and delia have gotten together for a mommy meet during which they have coffee and chat at theirs homes. today they both have their 18 month old sons, steve and nash. while the ladies sip and chat, steve and nash crawl around on the floor pushing toy trucks and making a vroom sound. every now and them they switch trucks with each other. steve and nash are engaged in ______________ play. a. coorapertive b. simple social c. parallel d. conjunctive | back 38 B |
front 39 the one word that best distinguishes simple social play from parallel play is a. rules b. cooperative c. interaction d. imagination | back 39 C |
front 40 if a group of children are playing together, which of the following games would not be an example of cooperative play? a. playing tag b. hide and seek c. playing with toy cars on the floor d. playing house | back 40 C |
front 41 the one word that best distinguishes cooperative play from parallel play is: a. observation b. imagination c. together d. cooperation | back 41 D |
front 42 play that is organized around a particular theme, with each child taking on a different role, is called ___________ play. a. cooperative b. associative c. parallel d. simple social | back 42 A |
front 43 your textbook presents three different types of play in which young children can engage. which of the following is the correct chronological order in which you would expect each type of play to appear? a. simple social play, parallel play, cooperative play b. parallel play, simple social play, cooperative play c. parallel play, cooperative play, simple social play d. cooperative play, simple social play, parallel play | back 43 B |
front 44 play among girls is often described as ____________, while play among boys is often described as _____________. a. antisocial, prosocial b. enabling, constricting c. prosocial, antisocial d. constricting, enabling | back 44 B |
front 45 when one's actions or remarks support others and sustain interactions, they can be described as engaging in ___________ exchange. a. enabling b. constricting c. detracting d. centrating | back 45 A |
front 46 when one partner in an exchange behaves in ways that allows them to emerge as the victor by threatening or contradicting the other partner, (s)he is engaging in a(n) __________ exchange. a. constricting b. enabling c. detracting d. centrating | back 46 A |
front 47 hulk often has to step in and solve disagreements between his son Hogan and his daughter brooke. this action best reflects the idea of a parent as a a. playmate b. social director c. coach d. mediator | back 47 D |
front 48 when a parent helps their child acquire and master the social skills needed to have successful interactions with peers, that parent is acting in the role of a __________. a. mediator b. play mate c. social director d. coach | back 48 D |
front 49 matthew sees that one of his kindergarten classmates is unhappy today because nobody is playing with him. matthew walks over to his classmate and asks if they can play together, which they do until the teacher calls for music time. matthew's actions demonstrate _______________ behavior. a. mediating b. centralized c. altruistic d. prosocial | back 49 D |
front 50 all acts of altruistic and cooperative behavior are also a. prosocial behaviors b. basic emotions c. examples of dispositional praise d. social roles | back 50 A |
front 51 prosocial behavior where both involved parties benefit is to _____________ as prosocial behavior where the actor does not benefit is to _____________. a. cooperation, altruism b. altruism, empathy c. empathy, altruism d. cooperation, altruism | back 51 A |
front 52 the ability to experience and relate to another person's emotions is called a. sympathy b. empathy c. altruism d. cooperation | back 52 B |
front 53 A ______________ is a set of cultural guidelines that dictate how a person should behave, particularly with other people. a. social role b. social rule c. social norm d. social more | back 53 A |
front 54 young jean observes that her mother often cooks dinner, while her father is responsible for taking out the trash and mowing the lawn. she is learning _____________ that are associated with men and women. a. gender identities b. social roles c. gender typing d. social stereotypes | back 54 B |
front 55 all cultures have gender ______________, which refers to beliefs and images about males and females that may or may not be true. a. identities b. types c. stereotypes d. roles | back 55 C |
front 56 research has found that while 12 month old children look at gender-stereotyped toys equally, by the time children reach _____________ they look longer at toys that are associated with their own sex. a. 14 months of age b. 18 months of age c. 24 months of age d. 30 months of age | back 56 B |
front 57 if he is like most preschoolers, dougie is likely to believe that girls are a. physically aggressive b. strong and dominant c. verbally aggressive d. capable of playing football | back 57 C |
front 58 with regard to differences between man and women, research has found that there are, in fact, differences in all but which of the following area? a. frequency of prosocial behaviors b. verbal abilities c. mathematics d. spatial ability | back 58 A |
front 59 marlene is very angry at dominique, a girl in her class, because she feels that dominique has been flirting with her boyfriend. to get back at her, marlene starts spreading rumors about dominique that are designed to attack her character. marlene is using ____________ aggression to hurt her classmate. a. relational b. psychosocial c. retaliatory d. inductive | back 59 A |
front 60 research consistently finds that fathers and mothers treat their children differently based on the child's sex. which of the following statements accurately explains some of this difference? a. fathers respond to children to promote direct aggression, while mothers respond to children to promote relational aggression b. mothers respond to children based on their individual needs, while fathers respond to children based on gender stereotypes c. mothers respond to children to promote direct aggression, while fathers respond to children to promote relational aggression d. fathers respond to children based on their individual needs, while mothers respond to children based on gender stereotypes | back 60 B |
front 61 children tend to have more gender neutral interests, attitudes, and self concepts when their parents are more a. traditional b. patriarchical c. agrarian d. nontraditional | back 61 D |
front 62 an individual's sense of themselves as a male or female is their a. gender identity b. gender role c. gender type d. gender stereotype | back 62 A |
front 63 full understanding of gender is said to develop gradually in three stages. they include all but which of the following? a. gender labeling b. gender ambiguity c. gender stability d. gender constancy | back 63 B |
front 64 According to erikson, the first three stages of psychosocial development involve the crisis of basic trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs shame and doubt, and initiative vs guilt. TRUE FALSE | back 64 TRUE |
front 65 internal working models involve expectations about parental responsiveness TRUE FALSE | back 65 TRUE |
front 66 infants as early as four months of age will attend more to a face depicting a negative emotional expression than to face depicting a positive on TRUE FALSE | back 66 TRUE |
front 67 like adults, children use others' emotions to direct their own behaviors. this is called social referencing TRUE FALSE | back 67 TRUE |
front 68 when two children share the same toys and play with them in the same way, working together to refine their chosen game, they are engaging in parallel play. TRUE FALSE | back 68 FALSE |
front 69 imaginary friends are psychologically unhealthy and should be discouraged TRUE FALSE | back 69 FALSE |
front 70 girls interactions with each other are typically constricting, while boys interactions with each other are typically enabling TRUE FALSE | back 70 FALSE |
front 71 all cultures have gender stereotypes TRUE FALSE | back 71 TRUE |
front 72 as toddlers, girls tend to have smaller vocabularies than boys TRUE FALSE | back 72 FALSE |
front 73 a full understanding of one's gender begins by understanding that gender does not change over time. TRUE FALSE | back 73 FALSE |
front 74 joy, anger, fear, interest, disgust, distress, sadness, and surprise are considered to be __________. | back 74 basic emotions |
front 75 when children are playing by themselves but are watching each other while they do so, they are engaging in ____________ play. | back 75 parallel |
front 76 a group of neighborhood kids get together a few times a week to play hide and seek, and the game rotates from yard to yard. this is a large scale example of __________________ play. | back 76 cooperative |
front 77 _______________ is the actual experiencing of another's feeling | back 77 empathy |
front 78 a social ______________ refers to a set of culturally determined guidelines about how one should behave, especially around other people | back 78 role |
front 79 girls should play with dolls and boys should roughhouse with each other are both examples of _______________ | back 79 gender stereotypes |
front 80 an attempt to hurt another by damaging his or her peer relationships is referred to as _________________ | back 80 relational |
front 81 an individual's sense of themselves as male or females is their ________________ | back 81 gender identity |
front 82 in gender ________________ theory, children are believed to learn more about an activity only after first deciding whether it is masculine or feminine. | back 82 schema |
front 83 research has found that a(n) _____________ mother-child attachment is just as likely to occur, regardless of the quality, duration, and frequency of childcare. the age at which a child enters child care is similarly unlikely to interfere with such an attachment | back 83 secure |