psychology final Flashcards

reality therapy, client-centered therapy, psychoanalysis and behavioral therapies are all forms of

psychotherapy includes all of the following except

leading clients to a deeper understanding of the origins of their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors is the goal of ......... therapy, while bringing about changes in troublesome thoughts and behaviors is seeking an understanding of their origins is the goal of ..........therapy

which of the following is an element of positive mental health?

a sense of identity, a purpose in life, and adaptive coping strategies are cited in your textbook as the

in 1792, a french doctor changed the Bicetre Asylum in Paris from a squualid "madhouse" into a mental hospital by unchaining the patients and treating them humanely and compassionately. This French doctor was

Sigmund Freud became convinced that the "hysteria" his patients were suffering from was caused by

many of freud's first patients had physical symptoms such as paralysis or numbness, for which no physical cause could be found. Freud called this condition

aaron is asked by his therapist to relax and talk about any thoughts that come into his head, letting his thoughts move freely from one idea to the next. aaron's therapist is using which psychoanalytic technique?

in psychoanalysis, resistance was thought by Freud to be important because it

through transference, the patient re-experiences .................. which the therapist can then help the patient to recognize and understand

client-centured therapy is based on the work of

who is most often associated with the development of Gestalt therapy?

which of the following is a key feature of successful face-toface therapy that is not a part of media counseling?

which of the following allows the client and therapist to see one another on computer monitors and to talk via speakerphones, although it still lacks the close personal contact of face-to-face interaction?

behavior therapy involves applying

of the following, which is usually treated by desensitization?

jan has a fear of riding across bridges. in order to get over her phobia, she is asked to imagine a series of increasingly distressing images involving her riding in a car across increasingly longer bridges. The most distressing being imagining herself driving across the lake pontchartrain bridge to her cousin's house. this procedure is referred to as

which of the following is a technique for reducing fear or anxiety that is based on holding upsetting thoughts in mind while rapidly moving the eyes from side to side?

which of the following is NOT an operant conditioning procedure used in behavior modification?

if a response is not followed by a reward, it will occur less frequently, according to which principle of operant conditioning?

if a response is followed by an unpleasant effect or discomfort, the response behavior will be suppressed. this is an example of

which of the following are symbolic rewards, such as plastic chips, that can be exchanges for real rewards and are used to encourage positive changes in behavior?

since tokens gain their reinforcing values because they can be exchanged for candy, food, watching TV, or other privileges, tokens are considered ............ reinforcers.

social rewards, such as recognition and approval, are used in conjunction with tokens economies to

carla believes that everyone who belongs to "her" political party are "good, trustworthy" people, while anyone who belongs to the other party is "bad and untrustworthy" and should be ostracized by "her" group. According to Aaron Beck, Carla is exhibiting

the goal of encounter groups is to

lifespring, the garden company, the forum, and other commercial programs that claim to increase self-awareness and facitate constructive personal change are examples of

in terms of its approach, which of the following types of psychotherapy is considered a non-directive therapy?

the strength of rational-emotive behavior therapy involves

which of the following is a caring relationship that unites a therapist and a client in working to solve the client's problems?

which of the following is NOT an effective counseling skill?

In counseling a friend, which of the following would NOT be one of your goals?

a therapist who has the awareness, knowledge, and skills necessary to treat clients from diverse cultural backgrounds is referred to as a(n) ....... therapist

pharmacotherapy can best be described as the use of

when it comes to treating chronic schizophrenia,

to apply covert reinforcement procedures to increase desirable behavior, you would use

the most effective technique you can use to overcome common fears is

the first step in desensitization is

which of the following would be the most valid reason for seeking a psychotherapist?

Tabitha is a college student who is receiving supportive therapy by attending a group made up of other women suffering from anorexia and bulimia. Tabitha finds that by helping others in the group, she is helping herself. Tabitha is participating in a(n) ............. group.

a physician, who describes an infant as slow to respond and develop because of congenital problems, is attributing the cause of the abnormality to the

fetal alcohol syndrome is characterized by

if a mother smokes heavily during pregnancy, it is more likely that the infant will be born

which of the following teratogens tends to greatly reduce oxygen to the fetus, increase the risk of tests?miscarriage, prematurity, and low birth weight with surviving children showing lower scored on language and mental abilities

with regards to temperament, "difficult children"

from an early age, justin tended to be a very moody child, who reacted intensely, often angrily, to most situations. Thomas and Chess would describe Justice as a(n) .................. child

the concept of dynamic relationship between parents parents and children is best illustrated by the fact that babies

a persons development level refers to that person's current state of

which of the following devices was invented by Robert Fantz and allows researchers to observe the movements of an infants' eyes in order to determine what infants can see and what holds their attention?

amy lifts her head, then learns to crawl, then to walk with the development progressing from her head to her feet. This progression illustrates

since even the basic human emotions of anger, fear, and joy, which appear unlearned, take time to develop, early emotional development must follow a pattern closely tied to

bridges found that emotions appear in a consistent order, and he believed that the first basic split is between

the fact that Maria, who is nine months old, smiles when her daddy enters the room

a researcher videotapes a young child and then lets the child see the video on television in order to test for

according to research in social development, most infants have to be at least what age before they are able to recognize their images being shown on a television?

baby rafael cries when his mother leaves him with a new babysitter. This is indicative of

Parents who view their children as having few rights but adult-like responsibilities are referred to ............... parents

resilient children who are also characterized by being independent, competent, self-controlled, assertive, and inquiring are often a consequence of which parental style?

San is a young adult who is good at bouncing back after bad experiences and has the strength, self-control, and positive coping skills to thrive even in difficult circumstances. Sam's parents were most likely ........... parents

Zach is a competent, independent decision-maker who exerts self-control and acts responsibly. According to Baumrind, Zack probably has ............. parents.

When interacting with their infants, mothers tend to ........... than fathers.

Consonants first enter a child's language when the child begins

Piaget believed that one's intellect grew through a process of

A child is largely nonverbal, is learning to coordinate purposeful movements with sense information, and is developing the concept of object permanence. The child is in Piaget's ............... stage.

Objects cease to appear and disappear magically with the child's conceptions becoming more orderly, stable, and predictable by the end of the ................ stage.

The mental ability to change the shape or form of a substance and realize that its volume remains the same is termed

the concepts of reversibility and conservation develop during during the .......................... stage.

Active play, explorations involving the senses, and playing "peekaboo" are effective ways of guiding intellectual development during the .......... stage of cognitive development.

You are okaying the game Monopoly with your sister. Although she understands the basic instructions and will play by the rules, she is not capable of understanding transactions dealing with mortgages, loans, and special pacts with other players. Your sister is most likely in the .............. stage of cognitive development.

Which of the following methods was used by Baillargeon to test for the mental capacities of infants?

The culturally-defined period of life between childhood and adulthood is known as

Emily is a late maturing girl. Compared to the early maturing girls, we can expect Emily to

In which level of moral development are moral choices guided by the direct consequences of one's actions, such as punishment, reward, or an exchange of favors?

Regarding the psychosocial dilemma of intimacy versus isolation, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Elaine and Jeffery have been married for five years. Elaine spends her time taking care of their two-year-old son, while Jeffery spends his time watching television or going out "with the guys." She and Jeffery do not share any common interests, and they seldom talk to each other except about their son. Erikson would say that Elaine is experiencing

After the late 50's, personal development is usually complicated by

The top scorers on intellectual tests who were over the age of 65 were people who

Anursing home administrator gives the residents little choice in activities they participate in or in the food that is served. Friendships between opposite sex residents are also discourages. She tells the staff that "the elderly are like little children that don't know what's best for them." This statement of the administrator reflects

Spanking or taking away toys or privileges are examples of

Maggie Mamen believes that parents, in an attempt to empower their children, have created children who have artificially high levels of self-esteem and a sense of entitlement. This style of parenting would be considered .............. parenting.

when natural consequences for a behavior do not exist

which of the following would be described as a non-directive therapy based on insights gained from conscious thoughts and feelings and that emphasizes accepting one's true self?

learning principles are used to make constructive changes in behavior in .......... therapy, while people are led to a deeper understanding of the origins and meanings of their behaviors in ............ therapy.

the principal assumption of behavior therapy is that

when experiments are used to determine whether therapy is effective,

which of the following is NOT an advantage of Internet therapy?