A&P Chapter 5 Integumentary System Flashcards

The most abundant cells in the epidermis are

Answers:

a. keratinocytes.

b. melanocytes.

c. Merkel cells.

d.adipocytes.

e.Langerhans cells.

Which of the following statements is false concerning the outermost layer of the epidermis?

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a. Its cells are undergoing rapid cell division.

b. It is the first to experience any abrasion.

c. Keratin provides waterproofing.

d.Millions of cells are worn off daily.

e.It is called the stratum corneum.

It is possible to obtain DNA from the nuclei of the cells of the stratum corneum.

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a. True

b. False

The layer of the epidermis that contains cells undergoing division is the

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a. stratum germinativum or basale.

b. stratum granulosum.

c. stratum lucidum.

d. stratum spinosum.

e. stratum corneum.

Which of the following is NOT found in the epidermis?

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a. stratified epithelium

b. tight cell junctions

c. blood vessels

d. keratin

e. melanin

The layer of the epidermis that contains melanocytes is the

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a. stratum spinosum.

b. stratum granulosum.

c. stratum germinativum or basale.

d. stratum lucidum.

e. stratum corneum.

The two components of the cutaneous membrane are the

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a. epidermis and superficial fascia.

b. epidermis and hypodermis.

c. integument and dermis.

d. epidermis and dermis.

e. dermis and hypodermis.

Variations in hair color reflect differences in the pigment produced by

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a. keratinocytes.

b. carotene cells.

c. melanocytes.

d. dermal papillae.

e. soft keratin.

If the papilla of a hair follicle is destroyed,

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a. hair production will not be affected.

b. the follicle will not produce a hair.

c. the hair produced by the follicle will change from terminal to vellus.

d. the texture of the hair will become coarser.

e. the color of the hair will become lighter.

Newly forming connective tissue in a wound is called

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a. granulation tissue

b. a scab

c. scar tissue

d. keloid

The scab that forms after an injury involving the dermis and epidermis consists mainly of

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a. collagen and trapped white blood cells

b. fibrin and trapped white blood cells

c. fibroblasts that produce fibrin, fibrin and platelets

d. collagen and trapped red and white blood cells

e. fibrin and trapped red blood cells

When scar tissue forms in the skin it means that

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a. there are more collagen strands in the dermis and fewer capillaries along with a lack of normal dermal structures.

b. there is a lack of blood vessels and a lack of the tough fibrous elements of the dermis such as collagen.

c. in the derms fibrin strands are regenerating quickly before epithelial cells have a chance to regrow

d. more blood vessels have invaded the area and caused a discoloration along with an excess of collagen fibers.

Scar tissue is the result of

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a. a lack of hair follicles and sebaceous glands in the injured area.

b. an abnormally large number of collagen fibers and relatively few blood vessels at the repair site.

c. a thickened stratum germinativum in the area of the injury.

d. increased numbers of fibroblasts and mast cells in the injured area.

e. increased numbers of epidermal layers in the area of the injury.

Vitamin D is required for __________ metabolism.

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1. potassium

2. sulfur

3. zinc

4. phosphorus

5. calcium

The pale, crescent-shaped area at the base of a nail is called the

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a. lunula.

b. hyponychium.

c. cuticle.

d. eponychium.

e. cerumen.

When the arrector pili muscles contract,

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a. the skin changes color.

b. shivering occurs.

c. "goose bumps" are formed.

d. hairs are shed.

e. sweat is released from sweat glands.

Hair is made up mostly of

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1. carbohydrates.

2. fats.

3. chitin.

4. calcium

5. keratinized cells.

When a fair-skinned person blushes, why does his or her skin turn red?

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a. The blood supply to the skin decreases.

b. The number of red melanocytes in the skin increases.

c. Increased heat causes the skin to turn red.

d. The blood supply to the skin increases.

e. Melanocytes increase production of red pigments.

Eating large quantities of carrots and squash often changes the pigmentation of the skin. This pigmentation is visible because the increased consumption of these orange vegetables

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a. causes cyanotic coloration of the epidermis

b. can cause carotene to build up in the epidermis of the skin

c. can cause carotene to build up in the dermis and subcutaneous layers of the skin

d. can cause toxicity and lead to liver failure

An epidermal layer found only in the skin of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet is the

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a. stratum lucidum.

b. stratum spinosum.

c. stratum granulosum.

d. stratum germinativum.

e. stratum corneum.

The layer of the skin that provides protection against bacteria as well as chemical and mechanical injuries is the

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a. epidermis.

b. sebum layer.

c. subcutaneous layer.

d. stratum basale.

e. dermis.

Large quantities of keratohyalin would be found in the epidermal layer called the

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a. stratum lucidum.

b. stratum corneum.

c. stratum granulosum.

d. stratum germinativum.

e. stratum spinosum.

Fine peach fuzz that replaces lanugo of fetal development prior to birth is called

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a. club hair

b. terminal hairs

c. cortex hair

d. vellus hairs

Which statement below is true regarding hair associated with the scalp?

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a. Human are generally born with the number of hairs that they will have for life. They generally lose hair only when there is a serious medical condition.

b. Healthy adults shed over 200 hairs per day and may shed more during pregnancy or during stress.

c. Healthy adults shed between 50 to 100 hairs per day normally, although they may lose more after pregnancy and during periods of high stress.

d. Healthy adults rarely shed many hairs per day except after pregnancy and during periods of high stress.

Scar tissue is the result of

Answers:

a. a thickened stratum germinativum in the area of the injury.

b. an abnormally large number of collagen fibers and relatively few blood vessels at the repair site.

c. a lack of hair follicles and sebaceous glands in the injured area.

d. increased numbers of epidermal layers in the area of the injury.

e. increased numbers of fibroblasts and mast cells in the injured area.

Stretch marks occur when

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a. athletes overextend a muscle.

b. the skin is so extensively stretched that its elastic capabilities are exceeded.

c. the hair follicles cease to produce hairs.

d. surgical incisions are made perpendicular to the skin's lines of cleavage.

e. the skin is stretched in normal movements.

Nail production occurs at the nail

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a. body.

b. hyponychium.

c. bed.

d. root.

e. cuticle.

An albino individual lacks the ability to produce

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a. eleidin.

b. keratin.

c. melanin.

d. perspiration.

e. carotene.

The primary function of sensible perspiration is to

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a. protect the skin from excess ultraviolet radiation.

b. reduce insensible perspiration.

c. heat the skin surface.

d. cool the surface of the skin.

e. raise the temperature of the skin.

The layer of the skin that contains bundles of collagen fibers and the protein elastin and is responsible for the strength of the skin is the ________ layer.

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a. hypodermal

b. papillary

c. subcutaneous

d. epidermal

e. reticular

The reticular layer of the dermis is composed of

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a. stratified squamous epithelium

b. adipose

c. dense regular fibrous CT

d. areolar CT

e. dense irregular fibrous CT

Glands that discharge an oily secretion into hair follicles are ________ glands.

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a. mammary

b. ceruminous

c. merocrine sweat

d. apocrine sweat

e. sebaceous

Charlie is badly burned in an accident. When he reaches the emergency room, the examining physician finds that he can remove entire hair follicles from Charlie's arm when he gently pulls on a hair with his forceps. After examining Charlie, the physician would likely order all of the following, except

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a. IV (intravenous) fluids and electrolytes.

b. a high-nutrient diet.

c. tissue samples for possible skin grafts.

d. ice packs adjacent to the burn area.

e. antibiotics.

Cyanosis is indicated by

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a. an orange skin coloration.

b. a yellowish skin coloration.

c. a brown skin coloration.

d. a reddish skin coloration.

e. a bluish skin coloration.

Where is Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Produced?

Where in the body would EGF be utilized?

What are the functions of EGF?

What is Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)?

Deodorants are used to mask the odor of ________ secretions.

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a. sebaceous

b. mammary

c. apocrine

d. merocrine

e. ceruminous

Peripheral vasoconstriction is a response to

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1. hunger.

2. exercise.

3. cold.

4. thirst.

5. heat.

Vasodilation is a response to

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a. heat

b. cold

c. freezing temperatures

What condition is caused by Vitamin D₃ deficiency?

What is Vitamin D₃?

What are the functions of Skin (Epidermis and Dermis)?

What are the functions of the Epidermis?

What are the two layers of the Dermis?

What is the function of the Papillary layer?

What is the function of the Reticular Layer?

What cells are most abundant in the Epidermis?

Name the layers found in Thin Skin

• AKA 4 Layers of Strata of Keritinocytes
• only in the Epidermis

Name the layers found in Thick Skin

• AKA 5 Layers of Strata of Keritinocytes
• only in the Epidermis

What attaches the Stratum Basale to the Dermis?

What layer of the Epidermis forms Ridges (fingerprints and Dermal papillae (tiny mounds)

What two cells are found in the Stratum Germinativum in thick skin?

Facts to know about Stratum Spinosum (spiny layer)

Facts to know about Stratum Granulosum (grainy layer)

What are the functions of Stratum Granulosum?

What layer is only found in Thick Skin?

Facts to know about Stratum Cornium

In what layer of skin does Keratinization take place?

What is Keratinization?

How many days does it take for cells to Keratinize?

Name the two types of Persperation

Which type of Perspiration causes water to excrete by sweat glands causing possible dehydration?

Which type of Perspiration is caused from damage to the stratum corneum (via blisters or burns)

Which type of Perspiration is caused from immersion in hypertonic solution (e.g., seawater [osmosis])

What two pigments influence skin color?

Where is Carotene Found in the skin?

What produces Melanin and what layer of epidermis is it found in?

Info on Dermal Blood Supply

Facts on Dermis

Facts on Hypodermis

Hair Follicle ino

Arrector Pilli info

Sebaceous Glands

Hair root

Hair Shaft