A 78-year-old woman is found unconscious on the floor of her Philadelphia apartment in August. The temperature outside is 102 degrees Fahrenheit and the relative humidity is 94%. The woman's skin is hot and dry. Which of the following conditions is she most likely suffering from?
Heat stroke
An ingested chemical that is used for growth, repair, or maintenance of the body is called a(n) __________.
nutrient
In order to measure the basal metabolic rate, which of the following variables needs to be considered?
Physical activity, thyroid function, time since last meal and mental state
What is the term used to describe the amount of energy liberated in the body per unit of time?
Metabolic rate
Which of the following statements is true regarding why hot, humid weather hinders temperature regulation?
The humidity decreases the ability to evaporate sweat off the body, and radiation adds heat to the body rather than allowing heat to leave the body.
What is the straight muscular tube conveying food from pharynx to the stomach called?
Esophagus
What are the segments of the small intestine in the order through which food passes?
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
The network of nerves that regulate digestive motility, secretion, and blood flow is called the __________ system.
enteric nervous
Which of the following is a feature that the stomach and the small intestine have in common?
Goblet cells
Which of the following describes the fundus of the stomach?
It is the domed superior region
The peristaltic movement of colonic contents triggered by the gastrocolic reflex approximately 1-3 times per day is called __________.
mass movement
What is the outermost layer of the digestive tract wall?
Serosa
What are the microscopic structural subunits of the liver?
Hepatic lobules
In which direction do the persistaltic contractions of the stomach's smooth muscle move contents?
From the fundic region to the pyloris
What is the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food called?
Digestion
In order for digestion to occur, chyme is required to contact the microvilli of the intestinal wall because the __________.
brush border enzymes are not secreted into the lumen
Which organ is located behind the greater curvature of the stomach and acts as both an endocrine and exocrine gland?
Pancreas
Which hormone plays a major role in calcium homeostasis?
Parathyroid hormone
Increased blood osmolarity stimulates hypothalamic osmoreceptors. This triggers the posterior pituitary to release which of the following?
Antidiuretic hormone
Which of the following results when CO2 is eliminated faster than it is produced (for example, during hyperventilation)?
Respiratory alkalosis
A buffer can be generally defined as a mechanism that does which of the following?
Resists changes in pH
Which of the following has the largest effect on plasma sodium concentration?
ADH
The blood, lymph, tissue fluid, and transcellular fluid are all examples of which of the following?
Fluid compartments
What is the source of most of the parasympathetic innervation of the digestive tract?
Vagus Nerve
The most abundant nitrogenous waste of the blood is
urea.
What are Peyer patches, and where are they located?
Small masses of lymphatic tissue found throughout the ileum region of the small intestine or Lymphatic follicles of the ileum
The small intestine is suspended from the dorsal body wall by which structure?
The mesentery proper
The first step leading to angiotensin II production is the secretion of what by the kidneys?
Renin
Which blood vessels of the renal medulla run alongside the nephron loops?
The peritubular capillaries
Which of the following is not found in saliva?
Pepsinogen
Blood pressure in the glomerulus is unusually high compared to other capillaries because the diameter of the __________ is greater than that of the __________.
Afferent arteriole; Efferent arteriole
What is the function of intrinsic factor?
It assists with absorption of vitamin B in the small intestine.
What are the three regions of the male urethra?
Prostatic, membranous, and penile
Jill is running a marathon. Which of the following is not occurring while she runs?
Increased urine production
Which of the following secrete amylase?
Pancreas and salivary glands
Which of the following would be abnormal to find in urine?
Glucose
Which of these is not part of the nephron?
Collecting duct
Which of the following cells produce renin?
Juxtaglomerular kidney cells
Which of the following is the site of contact digestion?
The brush border of the small intestine
If we follow the ureter into the kidney, what is the first structure we find?
The renal pelvis
Which of the following structures reabsorbs glucose and amino acids from the glomerular filtrate?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Where is the swallowing center located?
The oropharynx
What is the life span of epithelial cells in the stomach lining?
3 to 6 days