AP 2 Connect Questions Flashcards

Which of the following is not necessary for IgE mediated hypersensitivity?

Histamine released by mast cells leads to all of the following symptoms except

What are IgE molecules?

If a person is sick with the common cold on May 1st, gets well, and then memory cells are exposed to the same virus on May 15th, what would the person's symptoms most likely be?

Lymphatic vessel _________ cells are different from blood vessel cells.

Lymphatic endothelial cells ______ have tight junctions and they do not have a continual basal lamina.

There are large gaps between the endothelial cells so _______ and large molecules can pass between them.

The overlapping endothelial cells make _______ that can open and close.

They will open and close due to the _______ of the lymph fluid flowing through the vessel.

Which is of the following is true when interferon attaches to a cell?

When interferon from one cell attaches to a second cell, _________.

Which of the following is true regarding interferon?

People with type AB blood have __________.

When type B blood is given to a person with type A blood, __________.

People with type O blood can be universal donors because their red blood cells contain neither A antigens nor B antigens on their surface.

True or False

A person with type O blood may receive blood from a person with type B blood.

True or False

Which of the following statements is not true of the hepatitis B vaccine?

The vaccine used to prevent measles consists of live measles viruses. This type of vaccine is most likely __________.

A subunit vaccine is composed of __________.

Which of the following is produced by cytotoxic T cells?

Cytotoxic T cells produce:

Which of the following is true regarding infected cells?

Cytotoxic T cells recognize __________.

The _______ is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced expiration.

The volume of air exchanged during normal breathing is called the

After a normal inspiration, the amount of air that can then be inspired forcefully is called the

If you subtract the residual volume from the total lung capacity, you get the

The vital capacity minus the _____ equals the inspiratory capacity.

The effects of obstructive diseases such as asthma or emphysema may be determined by measuring the

Which of the following are bicarbonate ions exchanged for when they diffuse from plasma back into red blood cells?

At the respiratory membrane, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the plasma is _____ than in the _____ of the lungs.

This concept, specifically the change in pH, is referred to as the

Of the three forms of lung cancer, the most common is ______carcinoma.

In this type, ____ develop bleeding lesions as the dividing epithelial invade the bronchiole wall.

A second form, adenocarcinoma, originates in the _____ glands of the lamina propria.

The least common but most dangerous is small-cell carcinoma, which easily and quickly _____ to other organs.

Respiratory gases cross the respiratory membrane by ___________________

Which environment separated by the respiratory membrane would display the highest oxygen partial pressure?

Surfactant is produced by __________________

Increased production of surfactant would __________________

Insufficient surfactant production would result in

At the onset of a bout of exercise, tissue ________ levels briefly increase due to elevated aerobic respiration.

Carbon dioxide production in respiring tissues creates an increased level of carbonic acid in the blood, resulting in a _______ blood pH.

Altered blood pH during exercise causes the affinity of hemoglobin to decrease, which is shown as a _______ shift in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve.

As a result of the oxyhemoglobin shift during exercise, blood arriving at the respiring tissues will deliver a(n) ______ amount of oxygen.

During recovery from exercise (cool-down), blood_____ increases back to its pre-exercise state.

Oxygen unloading occurs at the _________________________ This process causes a(n) _________________ in the oxygen partial pressure of the blood leaving this region.

Hyperpnea would result in ___________________________ within the blood

Decreased Pressure (carbon dioxide) results in an increase in blood pH levels. Both of these conditions result in a shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to the ______________________. This shift _______________ hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen.

Increased levels of 2,3 BPG occur in response to decreased blood pH levels. With all other variables unchanged, an increased concentration of 2,3 BPG in the blood would _____________________.

The altitude of Kabul, Afghanistan, is approximately 6000 feet. What is the approximate alveolar oxygen partial pressure found here?

Under normal conditions, the alveolar oxygen partial pressure is ______________________ than the atmospheric oxygen partial pressure.

Within the Tibetan highlander population, genetic variation has been found to determine relative oxygen-hemoglobin saturation levels. Individuals within this population may be homozygous for either the low oxygen saturation gene or the high oxygen saturation gene. Individuals may also be heterozygous, carrying one low and one high oxygen saturation gene. Based on this information, individuals within the population carrying __________________________ alleles are expected to demonstrate a physiological advantage for survival.

No genetic differences were found among the Andean population in either oxygen-hemoglobin saturation levels, nor hemoglobin concentrations. However, this group as a whole displayed higher hemoglobin concentration levels than their lower altitude neighbors. The most accurate explanation for this finding is that individuals constantly exposed to lower atmospheric partial pressures for oxygen would have a physiologic response which would _______________________.

If intrapulmonary pressure was 760 mm Hg, what would you expect the intrapleural pressure to be?

Contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles results in ____________ in the thoracic volume which results in _______________ of the intrapulmonary pressure.

Negative pressure ventilation, demonstrated by iron lungs, allows a person to breathe by producing an intermittent negative pressure that moves across the chest and diaphragm. This specific action would artificially induce the intrapulmonary pressure to _____________ atmospheric pressure thus resulting in ______________

When this negative pressure stops being applied, the lungs __________________and the intrapulmonary pressure __________________

When using positive pressure ventilators, what triggers the elastic recoil of the lung, and what does this action cause?

Oxygen molecules bind ___________________ of the hemoglobin.

A single hemoglobin displaying a saturation level of 75% would be bound to ___________________________

The binding of CO to hemoglobin causes the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to ___________________

Acute carbon monoxide poisoning would result in ____________________ of the tissues because oxygen ____________________

What determines the direction of gas movement?

Which of the following statements about partial pressures of gases in the lungs is true?

Which of the following statements about partial pressures of gases in the tissues is true?

Which of the following are primarily responsible for maintaining the salinity gradient of the renal medulla?

The average person has approximately __________ nephrons per kidney.

Which renal structure is responsible for producing hypertonic urine by reabsorbing water while allowing metabolic wastes and NaCl to pass through?

In a healthy kidney, very little __________ is filtered by the glomerulus.

Catabolism of urea is

Catabolism of uric acid is

Aldosterone acts on the __________.

The __________ muscle is located in the urinary bladder.

The countercurrent multiplier recaptures __________ and is based on fluid flowing in the __________ direction in two adjacent tubules.

The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the __________.

Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen, which is released from the _________, to form angiotensin I.

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

A byproduct of protein catabolism, __________ constitutes approximately one-half of all nitrogenous waste.

The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when the __________.

Micturition is another term for __________.

Which organ system does not excrete waste?

Normal urine from a healthy person should not contain __________.

Loop diuretics reduce body water content by acting on the __________.

Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by the __________.