Principles of Anatomy and Physiology: The Respiratory System Flashcards

Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory system?

1. Nose
2. Oral cavity
3. Pharynx
4. Trachea
5. Nasal meatuses

The conducting zone does NOT act to

1. Clean air of debris
2. Conduct air into the lungs
3. Add water to air
4. Warm air
5. All of the above

The nose connects with the pharynx through the

1. Septal cartilage
2. External nares
3. Choanae
4. Uvula
5. Nasal meatuses

Which of the following is a passageway for air, food and water?

1. Pharynx
2. Larynx
3. Paranasal sinuses
4. Trachea
5. Esophagus

The opening to the pharynx from the mouth is called

1. Palatine
2. Hypopharynx
3. Meatuses
4. Fauces
5. Vestibule

This structure prevents food or water from entering the trachea.

1. Arytenoid cartilage
2. Epiglottis
3. Nasopharynx
4. Thyroid cartilage
5. Paranasal sinus

During swallowing, which structure rises?

1. Pharynx
2. esophagus
3. Trachea
4. Palatine tonsils
5. Primary bronchi

These are triangular pieces of mostly hyaline cartilage located at the posterior and superior border of the cricoid cartilage.

1. Corniculate cartilage
2. Arytenoids cartilage
3. Cricotracheal cartilage
4. Cuneiform cartilage
5. Laryngeal cartilage

Pitch is controlled by

1. Vibration of the vocal chords
2. Tension of the vocal chords
3. Layers of cartilage in the vocal chords
4. Arrangement of the vocal chords
5. None of the above

This is located anterior to the esophagus and carries air to the bronchi.

1. Trachea
2. Larynx
3. Nasopharynx
4. Pharynx
5. None of the above

This is the primary gas exchange site.

1. Trachea
2. Bronchiole
3. Nasal sinuses
4. Alveolus
5. Bronchus

Which of the below tissues maintains open airways in the lower respiratory system?

1. stratified squamous epithelium with keratin
2. ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
3. hyaline cartilage
4. mucus membrane
5. bone

Which of the below tissues provides the functions of the inner layer of the conducting organs?

1. stratified squamous epithelium with keratin
2. ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
3. cilated cuboidal epithelium with goblet cells
4. transitional epithelium with cilia
5. columnar connective tissue with goblet cells

The point where the trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi is a ridge called

1. Carina
2. Secondary bronchioles
3. Parietal pleura
4. Visceral pleura
5. Diaphragm

Which of the below tissues forms the exchange surfaces of the alveolus?

1. stratified squamous epithelium
2. ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
3. simple squamous epithelium
4. hyaline cartilage
5. columnar connective tissue with goblet cells

These are cells of the alveoli that produce surfactant.

1. Type I alveolar cells
2. Type II alveolar cells
3. Type III alveolar cells
4. Surface cells
5. Macrophages

This is direction of diffusion of gases at capillaries near systemic cells.

1. Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide into blood
2. Oxygen out of blood , Carbon dioxide into blood
3. Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide out of blood
4. Oxygen out of blood , Carbon dioxide out of blood

This is direction of diffusion of gases at the alveoli of the lungs.

1. Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide into blood
2. Oxygen out of blood , Carbon dioxide into blood
3. Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide out of blood
4. Oxygen out of blood , Carbon dioxide out of blood

Exhalation begins when

1. Inspiratory muscles relax
2. Diaphragm contracts
3. Blood circulation is the lowest
4. Both A and B
5. All of the above

This means the lungs and the chest wall expand easily.

1. High surface tension
2. Low surface tension
3. High compliance
4. Low compliance
5. None of the above

The conducting airways with the air that does not undergo respiratory exchange are known as the

1. Inspiratory volume
2. Expiratory reserve volume
3. Minimal volume
4. Residual volume
5. Respiratory dead space

This is the sum of the residual and the expiratory reserve volume.

1. Total lung capacity
2. Functional residual capacity
3. Inspiratory capacity
4. Vital capacity
5. Minimal volume

Which of the following is not a factor that the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange depends on.

1. Partial pressure difference of the gases
2. Surface area for gas exchange
3. Diffusion distance
4. Molecular weight and solubility of the gases
5. Force of contraction of diaphragm

Which is the dominant method of carbon dioxide transport?

1. Bound to hemoglobin
2. Bound to oxygen
3. Dissolved in plasma as a gas
4. Dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions
5. Diffusion

When blood pH drops then the amount of oxyhemoglobin _______ and oxygen delivery to the tissue cells ________________.

1. increases, increases
2. increases, decreases
3. decreases, increases
4. decreases, decreases
5. Does not change

Which is a factor that does NOT affect hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen?

1. pH of blood
2. Partial pressure of the oxygen
3. Amount of oxygen available
4. Temperature
5. Respiratory rate

Where are the nasal conchae?

1. A
2. C
3. T
4. U
5. V

This portion of the pharynx has five openings in its wall.

1. C
2. E
3. N
4. P
5. T

Which tonsils are found in the oropharynx?

1. V
2. R
3. S
4. Q
5. U

What is also referred to as the Adam’s Apple?

1. G
2. H
3. I
4. J
5. K

Where is the larynx?

1. I
2. M
3. L
4. N
5. O

This is a ring of hyaline cartilage that forms the inferior wall of the larynx.

1. J
2. K
3. G
4. H
5. O

Where is the uvula?

1. E
2. F
3. Q
4. S
5. U

Where are the palatine tonsils?

1. E
2. F
3. R
4. U
5. None of the above

Where is the soft palate?

1. C
2. E
3. G
4. Q
5. S

Where is the epiglottis?

1. O
2. R
3. S
4. F
5. Q

Where are the olfactory receptors found?

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. U

Where is the middle nasal concha?

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. E

Where is the inferior nasal concha?

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. E

What is E pointing to?

1. Soft palate
2. Ethmoid bone
3. Hard palate
4. Nasal septum
5. Air cells

What is line D pointing to?

1. Thyrohyoid membrane
2. Corniculate cartilage
3. Cricothyroid ligament
4. Cricoid cartilage
5. Tracheal cartilage

Where is the cricoid cartilage?

1. D
2. E
3. F
4. G
5. H

Where is the tracheal cartilage?

1. J
2. I
3. H
4. G
5. F

What is line A pointing to?

1. Hyoid bone
2. Trachea
3. Adams Apple
4. Thyroid
5. Epiglottis

Where is the structure that regulates air flow to the alveolus?

1. G
2. M
3. H
4. A
5. None of the above

What is line J pointing to?

1. Right secondary bronchus
2. Left secondary bronchus
3. Right primary bronchus
4. Left primary bronchus
5. Carina

Where is the right bronchiole?

1. F
2. G
3. H
4. L
5. M

What lines are pointing to tertiary bronchi?

1. E and K
2. D and J
3. F and L
4. H and M
5. A and B

What is line B pointing to?

1. Carina
2. Visceral pleura
3. Parietal pleura
4. Pleural cavity
5. Diaphragm

In this portion of the lungs, the epithelial lining is simple squamous.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. E

This is the primary gas exchange structure.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. E

What is line C pointing to?

1. Terminal bronchiole
2. Respiratory bronchiole
3. Alveolar ducts
4. Alveolar sac
5. Alveoli

Where is the terminal bronchiole?

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. E

This provides disease resistance within the lungs.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. None of the above

Which cells are the main sites of gas exchange?

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. All of the above

Which cell secretes surfactant?

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. None of the above