Principles of Anatomy and Physiology: The Brain and Cranial Nerves Flashcards

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1

The brain and spinal cord develop from ______ arranged in a tubular structure called the neural tube.

  1. Mesoderm
  2. Endoderm
  3. Ectoderm
  4. Prosencephalon
  5. Rhombencephalon

C

2

This gives rise to the midbrain and aqueduct of the midbrain.

  1. Prosencephalon
  2. Mesencephalon
  3. Rhombencephalon
  4. Pia mater
  5. Arachnoid mater

B

3

Which is NOT considered a major part of the brain?

  1. Brain stem
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Cauda equina
  4. Diencephalon
  5. Cerebrum

C

4

This consists of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain.

  1. Brain stem
  2. Cerebrum
  3. Cerebellum
  4. Diencephalon
  5. Dura mater

A

5

This consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus.

  1. Cerebellum
  2. Brain stem
  3. Cerebrum
  4. Diencephalon
  5. Dura mater

D

6

Which of the following has two layers?

  1. Spinal dura mater
  2. Cranial dura mater
  3. Spinal arachnoid mater
  4. Cranial arachnoid mater
  5. All of the above

B

7

This separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum.

  1. Flax cerebri
  2. Falx cerebelli
  3. Tentorium cerebelli
  4. Tentorium cerebri
  5. None of the above

A

8

The adult brain represents only ____ of the total body weight.

  1. 2%
  2. 5%
  3. 10%
  4. 12%
  5. 20%

A

9

This protects the brain by preventing passage of harmful substances and pathogens.

  1. Dura mater
  2. Arachnoid mater
  3. Cerebrospinal fluid
  4. Blood brain barrier
  5. All of the above

D

10

Cerebrospinal fluid carries chemicals from the ______ to neurons.

  1. Interstitial fluid
  2. Bile
  3. Intracellular fluid
  4. Arachnoid space
  5. Blood

E

11

Which is located in each hemisphere of the cerebrum?

  1. Lateral ventricle
  2. Septum pellucidum
  3. Fourth ventricle
  4. Third ventricle
  5. Corpus callosum

A

12

This is a narrow cavity along the midline superior to the hypothalamus and between the right and left halves of the thalamus.

  1. Lateral ventricle
  2. Septum pellucidum
  3. Third ventricle
  4. Fourth ventricle
  5. Fifth ventricle

C

13

Which of the following is a way that cerebral spinal fluid contributes to homeostasis?

  1. Mechanical protection
  2. Chemical protection
  3. Circulation
  4. Both A and B
  5. All of the above

E

14

These are networks of capillaries in the walls of the ventricles.

  1. Choroid plexuses
  2. Lateral apertures
  3. Interventricular foramina
  4. Median aperture
  5. Aqueduct of the midbrain

A

15

These are fingerlike projections that reabsorb CSF.

  1. Hydrocephalus
  2. Microcephalus
  3. Arachnoid villus
  4. Dura villus
  5. Lemniscus

C

16

This is a netlike region of white and gray matter that extends through the brain , maintaining consciousness.

  1. Pons
  2. Medulla oblongata
  3. Midbrain
  4. Reticular formation
  5. Decussation of pyramids

D

17

This structure is responsible for somatic (startle) reflexes in response to loud sounds.

  1. Spinal cord
  2. Midbrain
  3. Pons
  4. Thalamus
  5. Cerebellum

B

18

This structure is responsible for secondary control of respiration.

  1. Spinal cord
  2. Mid brain
  3. Pons
  4. Thalamus
  5. Cerebellum

C

19

Pyramids are

  1. Gray matter extensions on the medulla
  2. White matter extensions on the medulla
  3. Gray matter extensions on the brain stem
  4. White matter extensions on the brain stem
  5. Superior to the medial lemniscus

B

20

Medulla nuclei are

  1. Masses of gray matter
  2. Masses of white matter
  3. Both A and B
  4. Decussations of the pyramids
  5. None of the above

A

21

Where is the inferior olivary nucleus found?

  1. Pons
  2. Olive
  3. Pyramids
  4. Hypothalamus
  5. Midbrain

B

22

Where can you find the medial lemniscus?

  1. Medulla oblongata
  2. Pons
  3. Midbrain
  4. Both B and C
  5. All of the above

E

23

Which nuclei are found in the pons?

  1. Pontine nuclei
  2. Apneustic area
  3. Pneumotaxic area
  4. All of the above
  5. None of the above

D

24

This contains axons of sensory neurons that extend from the medulla oblongata to the thalamus.

  1. Tectum
  2. Colliculi
  3. Substantia nigra
  4. Pontine nuclei
  5. None of the above

E

25

This area contains neurons that release dopamine.

  1. Substantia nigra
  2. Olive
  3. Inferior colliculi
  4. Cerebral peduncles
  5. Apneustic area

A

26

This helps maintain consciousness.

  1. Reticular activating system
  2. Pons
  3. Substantia nigra
  4. Olive
  5. Inferior peduncles

A

27

This portion of the cerebellum contributes to equilibrium and balance.

  1. Vermis
  2. Anterior lobe
  3. Posterior lobe
  4. Flocculonodular lobe
  5. Left hemisphere

D

28

The folia are

  1. Ridges of white matter
  2. Found in the vermis only
  3. Portions of the pyramids
  4. Ridges of gray matter
  5. Used in the RAS system only

D

29

This structure is responsible for somatic (startle) reflexes in reponse to loud sounds.

  1. Spinal cord
  2. Midbrain
  3. Pons
  4. Thalamus
  5. Cerebellum

B

30

This portion of the cerebellum carries sensory information from proprioceptors throughout the body.

  1. Inferior cerebellar peduncles
  2. Middle cerebellar peduncles
  3. Superior cerebellar peduncles
  4. Anterior lobe
  5. Posterior lobe

A

31

This is the major relay station for most sensory impulses that reach the primary somatosensory areas of the cerebral cortex from the brain stem and the spinal cord.

  1. Thalamus
  2. Hypothalamus
  3. Epithalamus
  4. Pons
  5. Midbrain

A

32

Which of the following is not a major nuclei found in the thalamus?

  1. Anterior nucleus
  2. Medial nuclei
  3. Superior nuclei
  4. Lateral group
  5. Ventral group

C

33

Which of the following is NOT controlled by the hypothalamus?

  1. Hunger
  2. Thirst
  3. Blood calcium
  4. Emotional behavior
  5. Body temperature

C

34

Which of the following glands is directly controlled by hormones produced by the hypothalamus?

  1. Kidney
  2. Pituitary
  3. Thymus
  4. Pancreas
  5. Pineal

B

35

Where is the pineal gland found?

  1. Thalamus
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Hypothalamus
  4. Cerebral cortex
  5. Epithalalmus

E

36

Gyri are made because

  1. The white matter enlarges faster than the gray matter
  2. The cerebellum grows faster than the cerebrum
  3. The hypothalamus is larger than the epithalamus
  4. The gray matter grows faster than the white matter
  5. The lobes of the cerebellum are not symmetrical

D

37

Which structure conducts nerve impulses between gyri in different hemispheres of the cerebrum?

  1. Association tracts
  2. Corpus callosum
  3. Projection tracts
  4. Pyramids
  5. Sulci

B

38

Together the leniform and caudate nuclei are known as

  1. globus pallidus
  2. putamen
  3. lentiform nucleus
  4. corpus striatum
  5. internal capsule

D

39

This portion of the limbic system lies between the hippocampus and the parahippocampus gyrus.

  1. dentate gyrus
  2. septal nuclei
  3. limbic lobe
  4. olfactory bulbs
  5. fornix

A

40

Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for sensing body touch and temperature.

  1. Broca’s area
  2. Primary visual area
  3. Common integrative area
  4. Prefrontal cortex area
  5. Primary somatosensory area

E

41

Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for vision.

  1. Broca’s area
  2. Primary visual area
  3. Common integrative area
  4. Primmary olfactory area
  5. Primary somatosensory area

B

42

Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for conscious movements the body.

  1. Broca’s area
  2. Primary visual area
  3. Somatosensory association area
  4. Primary frontal area
  5. Primary somatosensory area

D

43

Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for speech.

  1. Broca’s area
  2. Primary gustatory area
  3. Common integrative area
  4. Prefrontal cortex area
  5. Primary somatosensory area

A

44

Which of the following cranial nerves carries sensory information to the olfactory area?

  1. cranial nerve I
  2. cranial nerve V
  3. cranial nerve VI
  4. cranial nerve VIII
  5. cranial nerve X

A

45

Which nerves move the eyeball?

  1. cranial nerves II, III and IV
  2. cranial nerve I, V and X
  3. cranial nerve III, IX andV
  4. cranial nerve III, IV and VI
  5. cranial nerve X, XII and XII

D

46

Cranial nerve V is also known as the _______________nerve

  1. trochlear
  2. oculomotor
  3. trigeminal
  4. vagus
  5. abducens

C

47

Which cranial nerve is responsible for regulating visceral activity?

  1. Oculomotor
  2. Trigeminal
  3. Spinal accessory
  4. Facial
  5. Vagus

E

48

Which cranial nerve is responsible for facial expression?

  1. Oculomotor
  2. Trigeminal
  3. Spinal accessory
  4. Facial
  5. Vagus

D

49
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Which of the following parts of the brain controls the heart rate and blood pressure?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D

D

50
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Which of the following parts of the brain is the thalamus?

  1. B
  2. C
  3. D
  4. G
  5. E

A