1. Which type of metabolic process is used for cheese production?
b. fermentation
2. Which type of microbial association would most likely be described
as disease causing
microbes?
c. Parasites
3. The fermentation of 1 glucose yields a NET ATP production of
2
4. Which of the following methods is used to count living bacteria?
d. All of these
5. When a bacterial cell number is doubling every unit time, it is in the
b. Logarithmic (log) phase
6. In the growth cycle of a culture, the period where the cells are
being replaced at the same rate
as they are dying is
b. Stationary phase
7. Endospore formation begins in which phase of the growth curve?
b. Stationary phase
8. After the inoculation of a new culture, the period of time where
there is no increase in cell
numbers is called the
d. Lag phase
9. Exergonic reactions
a. Release potential energy
10. Methane producing bacteria
e. Utilize CO2 as a final electron acceptor and cause cows and sewage
systems to
produce methane within their systems
11. The EMP pathways function as
a. The common pathway for fermentation of glucose
12. The energy producing process where ATP is produced and oxygen is
the final electron
acceptor is
c. Oxidative phosphorylation
13. Membrane transport that modifies the substance being transported
into the cell so that it can't
be lost from the cell
b. Group translocation
14. When aerobic and anaerobic respiration of glucose are compared, we find that
a. Different electron acceptors are used
15. The compound that enters the KREB'S CYCLE cycle from glycosis is
d. Acetyl co-A
16. As a result of bacterial oxidative phosphorylation, which of the following is/are true?
d. All of the above
17. The movement of a substance from a high concentration to a low
concentration requiring a
carrier molecule but no ATP is
a. facilitated diffusion
18. Which of the following least belongs?
e. Capnophiles
19. Which of the following occur in Photosystem 2?
c. Photon energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and electrons are emitted
and water is
photolysed.
20. Fermentation
c. occurs when the substrate is oxidized and an intermediate is used
as the final electron
acceptor
21. Which of the following least belongs?
e. Kreb's cycle
22. In Photosystem 1 (PS1),
c. cyclic phosphoylation occurs
23. Organisms that obtain their energy from the oxidation of organic compounds are
a. chemoheterotrophs
24. When yeast ferment glucose, the end products are
a. commonly associated with beer and wine production
25. Nitrate reducers
d. none of the above
26. Which of the following may be oxidized as an energy source?
e. All of the above
27. The process where a substance is moved from low to high
concentration by a carrier
molecule and requires ATP to drive the
mechanism is
c. active transport
28. If you place a prokaryotic cell into a hypertonic environment
d. the cytoplasm of the cell will shrink
29. Organisms that acquire their energy from the oxidation of inorganic chemicals are
b. chemoautotrophs
30. Nutrients are
a. are acquired from extracellular digestion
31. Which type of organism obtains its energy from light and carbon from CO2?
d. photoautotrophs
32. What is the function of the glyoxylate cycle?
d. Produces intermediates to replenish the compounds for the KREB'S CYCLE cycle
33. Sauerkraut and yogurt are preserved because
d. The pH decreases
34. Which of the following transport systems does not require a carrier molecule?
e. osmosis
35. A type of control mechanism where the product inhibits its own
production at the enzyme level
is called
a. negative feedback
36. What is the final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?
d. sulfate or nitrate
37. Normal flora of the gut is best describe as
symbiosis
38. Which is used to produce most of the ATP in living systems?
e. Photosystem 1 and Electron Transport System
39. NAD functions
c. as a co-enzyme
40. Anaerobic respiration
c. produces 36-38 ATP
41. In the Kreb's Cycle
c. acetyl co-A is oxidized
42. All fermenters use which pathway?
a. Embden Meyerhoff pathway
43. What is the source of hydrogen that is used to reduce CO2 is photosynthesis?
a. Water, Sulfur compounds or hydrogen gas
44. Acid mine drainage is cause by
a. the oxidation of iron sulfide
45. Leukocidins
b. destroy white blood cells
46. Enzyme induction
b. results in enzyme production
47. Anabolic reactions are most commonly associated with
a. energy storage
48. Which type of microbe causes removal of nitrogen from the soil?
b. Nitrate reducers
49. This compound is produced in the Calvin cycle as a precursor for carbohydrate production.
d. Glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate
50. What is used to return chlorophyll to the ground state in PS2?
c. Water
51. Also called substrate phosphorylation
d. fermentation
52. Also called oxidative phosphorylation.
a. respiration
53. Also called cyclic phosphorylation
c. Photosystem 1
54. Also called non-cyclic phosphorylation
c. Photosystem 2
55. This is the stage of the bacterial growth curve in which rapid
growth and an increase in cell
numbers occurs
b. logarithmic phase
56. This is the stage of the bacterial growth curve in which endospores begin to form.
c. stationary phase
57. This is the stage of the bacterial growth curve in which many involution forms are present
d. death phase
58. This is the stage of the bacterial growth curve that is a harsh
environment with cell numbers
decreasing.
d. death phase
59. This is the stage of the bacterial growth curve that is described
as reproduction rate = death
rate
c. stationary phase
60. This is the stage of the bacterial growth curve in which
adaptation to a new environment
occurs.
a. lag phase
61. Which of the following brings the substrate into closer union with the enzyme?
a. cofactor
62. Which of the following is the protein portion of the enzyme?
c. apoprotein
63. This is what the enzyme exerts its effect upon.
d. substrate
64. What removes the groups from the reaction area that the enzyme removed?
b. coenzyme
65. Which of the following are inorganic ions?
a. cofactor
66. Which of the following are organic ions?
coenzyme
67. Which of the following uses the Embend Meyerhoff pathway only?
a. fermentation
68. Which of the following uses the sun as its energy source?
d. photosynthesis
69. In which of the following is oxygen the final electron acceptor?
b. aerobic respiration
70. In which of the following are inorganic ions the final electron acceptor?
c. anaerobic respiration
71. In which of the following are intermediates products the final electron acceptor?
a. fermentation
72. Which of the following is used to produce ATP and hydrogen that will reduce CO2?
d. photosynthesis
73. Two net ATPs are produced here.
fermentation
74. Oxygen is produced as an end product here.
d. photosynthesis
75. Acids and gas are produced as end products here.
a. fermentation
76. Microorganisms require large quantities of this nutrient for use
in cell structure and
metabolism:
b. macronutrient
77. Microorganisms require small quantities of this nutrient for
enzyme function and maintenance
of protein structure:
e. trace element
78. An organic nutrient that cannot be synthesized by the organism
and must be provided is
called a/an
d. growth factor.
79. An important mineral ion of the cytochrome pigments of cellular respiration is
a. iron.
80. An important mineral ion that is a component of chloroplasts and
stabilizer of membranes and
ribosomes is
d. magnesium.
81. The term autotroph refers to an organism that
a. uses CO2 for its carbon source.
82. The term heterotroph refers to an organism that
b. must obtain organic compounds for its carbon needs.
83. The term chemotroph refers to an organism that
d. gets energy by oxidizing chemical compounds.
84. Organisms that feed on dead organisms for nutrients are called
a. saprobes.
85. The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to
an area of lower
concentration is called
b. diffusion.
86. The movement of substances from lower to higher concentration
across a semipermeable
membrane that must have a specific protein
carrier and use energy is called
c. active transport.
87. The movement of substances from higher to lower concentration
across a semipermeable
membrane that must have a specific protein
carrier but no energy expenditure is called
a. facilitated diffusion.
88. The use of energy by a cell to enclose a substance in its
membrane by forming a vacuole and
engulfing it is called
e. endocytosis.
89. Bacteria living in a freshwater stream that are moved to salty seawater would
d. shrivel.
90. Which of the following microorganisms would find hypotonic conditions most detrimental?
b. protozoa
91. Which of the following require the cell to use ATP?
c. endocytosis
92. Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated on the shelf of a
refrigerator, out on a lab
benchtop, on the shelf of a 37° C
incubator and on the shelf of a 50° C incubator.
After
incubation, there was no growth at 37° C and 50° C, slight
growth out on the benchtop, and
abundant growth at refrigeration.
What term could be used for this species?
d. psychrophile
93. Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated out on the
incubator shelf, in an anaerobic jar
and in a candle jar. After
incubation there was moderate growth of cultures in the candle
and
anaerobic jars, but heavy growth of the culture on the
incubator shelf. This species is a/an
c. facultative anaerobe.
94. A microorganism that has an optimum growth temperature of 37° C,
but can survive short
exposure to high temperatures is called a/an
e. thermoduric.
95. An organism that grows slowly in the cold but has an optimum
growth temperature of 32° C is
called a/an
d. facultative psychrophile.
96. An organism with a temperature growth range of 45° C to 60° C would be called a/an
b. thermophile.
97. A microorganism that does not have catalase or superoxide
dismutase would find it difficult to
live in an environment with
b. oxygen.
98. A halophile would grow best in
e. salt lakes.
99. The E. coli that normally live in the human large intestines and
produce vitamin K that the
body uses would be best termed a _____ relationship.
d. mutualistic
100. The time interval from parent cell to two new daughter cells is called the
c. generation time.
101. The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which the rate of
multiplication equals the rate of
cell death is the
c. stationary phase.
102. The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which newly
inoculated cells are adjusting to their
new environment,
metabolizing but not growing is the
a. lag phase.
103. In the viable plate count method, a measured sample of a culture
is evenly spread across an
agar surface and incubated. Each _____
represents one _____ from the sample.
c. colony, cell
104. The majority of organisms live or grow in habitats between
a. pH 6 and 8.
105. An organism that grows best at a higher CO2 tension than is
normally present in the
atmosphere is a(n)
e. capnophile.
106. Barophiles are microorganisms able to tolerate
c. high atmospheric pressure.
107. Plant roots provide various growth factors for soil bacteria,
and the bacteria help fertilize the
plant by supplying it with
minerals. This is an example of
d. synergism.
108. Which of the following methods of enumerating cells is the only one to detect live cells?
b. viable plate count
109. If a culture starts out with 1 cell and after 4 hours there are
64 cells, how many generations
have occurred?
6
110. You inoculate a culture into a test tube containing broth and
take it out of the incubator the
next day. You see the culture is
growing equally throughout the broth. You conclude the
culture
must be
110. You inoculate a culture into a test tube containing broth and
take it out of the incubator the
next day. You see the culture is
growing equally throughout the broth. You conclude the
culture
must be
111. You inoculate a culture into a test tube containing broth and
take it out of the incubator the
next day. You see the culture is
growing at the bottom of the tube. You conclude the culture must
be
b. anaerobic.
112. All of the chemical reactions of the cell are called
d. metabolism.
113. The breakdown of peptidoglycan to N-acetylmuramic acid,
N-acetylglucosamine and
peptides is an example of
b. catabolism.
114. Enzymes are
b. proteins that function as catalysts.
115. Formation of peptide bonds between amino acids to build a polypeptide would be called
a. anabolism.
116. An apoenzyme
c. contains the active site.
117. A holoenzyme is a combination of a protein and one or more substances called
d. cofactors.
118. Important components of coenzymes are
a. vitamins.
119. Enzymes that can function at boiling water temperatures or other
harsh conditions would be
termed
e. extremozymes.
120. Enzymes that are produced only when substrate is present are termed
d. induced enzymes.
121. Enzymes that catalyze removing electrons from one substrate and
adding electrons to
another are called
b. oxidoreductases.
122. When enzyme action stops due to a buildup of end product this control is called
a. negative feedback.
123. Most electron carriers are
a. coenzymes.
124. Exergonic reactions
c. occur during aerobic cellular respiration.
125. In the cell, energy released by electrons is often used to phosphorylate
b. ADP.
126. In addition to electrons, which of the following is also involved in electron transfer?
d. hydrogen protons
127. The most likely place where an exoenzyme participates in a chemical reaction is
e. outside of the cell.
128. All of the following are exoenzymes except
a. ATP synthase.
129. All of the following pertain to glycolysis except it
d. degrades glucose to CO2 and H2O.
130. The formation of citric acid from oxaloacetic acid and an acetyl group begins
c. Krebs cycle.
131. The step involving ATP, hexokinase, and the phosphorylation of
glucose to glucose-6-
phosphate is
d. an example of substrate-level phosphorylation.
132. During aerobic cellular respiration, the final electron acceptor is
b. oxygen.
133. In bacterial cells, the electron transport system is located in the
a. cell membrane.
134. In which pathway is the most NADH generated?
b. Krebs cycle
135. The reactions of fermentation function to produce _____ molecules for use in glycolysis.
c. NAD
136. During which of the phases of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP formed?
a. electron transport
137. In bacterial cells, when glucose is completely oxidized by all
the pathways of aerobic cellular
respiration, how many ATP are generated?
e. 38 ATP
138. When glucose is broken down by glycolysis during bacterial
fermentation, how many ATP
are generated?
a. 2 ATP
139. As the electron transport carriers shuttle electrons, they
actively pump _____ into the outer
membrane compartment setting
up a concentration gradient called the proton motive force.
c. hydrogen ions
140. Mixed acid fermentation
c. produces acids plus CO2 and H2 gases.
141. Anaerobic cellular respiration
d. utilizes an electron transport system.
142. In anaerobic respiration, all of the following can serve as the final electron acceptor except
b. oxygen.
143. The process of alcoholic fermentation produces
c. alcohol and carbon dioxide.
144. Cyanide will cause rapid death in humans because it
d. blocks cytochrome c oxidase.
145. Why is cyanide harmless to some bacteria?
c. They lack cytochrome c oxidase.
146. Fatty acids can be metabolized by entering
b. the TCA cycle.
147. Enzymes that are regularly found in a cell are termed
c. constitutive enzymes.
148. When amino acids are deaminated, they can be used as a source of
a. glucose.
149. In eukaryotes, glycolysis takes place
e. in the cytoplasm.
150. In eukaryotes, the Krebs cycle takes place
d. in the mitochondria.