HESI Flashcards

What is the best strategy for communicating health care information to a patient who is completely deaf?

Identify the proper medical record documentation of medication administration.

Which guideline is recommended for safely lifting a patient from a seated position?

Which guideline is most effective for reducing the number of nosocomial infections?

Which value represents a normal respiratory rate for a pediatric patient?

According to the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines, which is the correct rate of chest compressions when administering cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to a 6-month-old patient?

Which is the most appropriate response to a patient who asks what the term "peritonitis" means?

What route of transmission is responsible for transmitting a disease to a patient through an improperly cleaned x-ray table?

According to the ARRT Standards of Ethics, a radiographer may be subject to sanctions including revocation of certification for which actions? (Select the three that apply.)

Which is the best way to control severe bleeding from a deep laceration of the upper arm?

Consider the contrast media label shown here. What does the "Not for parenteral use" warning mean?

A patient is slumped over in his wheelchair and is non-responsive. After easing the patient to the floor, the radiographer finds no carotid pulse. The patient is experiencing which condition?

Which general guideline is the most appropriate for determining when to use standard precautions?

Which guideline represents the best approach for examining patients who are mentally impaired?

When obtaining a blood pressure reading, systolic and diastolic values are determined by monitoring which pulse point?

A trauma patient arrives to the emergency department unconscious with tachycardia and hypotension. The patient has lost a significant volume of blood. The patient is experiencing which condition?

Which is considered a major contraindication for intravenous urography?

When transferring a patient with hemiparalysis from a wheelchair to the x-ray table, in which position should the wheelchair be placed?

What are the six right of drug administration that radiographers should follow?

Washing hands with soap and water disrupts the chain of infection by which process?

What is the most appropriate response if a patient asks about the risks of radiation exposure from a CT exam?

This image is a medical record entry lacking important information. Place the cursor on the portion of this entry that is incorrect and left click.

What precautions should a radiographer take when entering the room of a patient with varicella virus?

Place the cursor on the contrast media that should be administered for an intravenous urogram and left click.

Which condition requires a patient to be placed in a negative pressure room, and healthcare workers to wear respiratory protection when entering?

Which example of nonverbal communication is most effective fr helping a patient overcome anxiety and apprehension prior to an exam?

During a routine radiographic examination, a patient complains of dizziness and appears anxious and diaphoretic. while checking the patients vital signs, the radiographer note a rapid heart rate, shaky hands, and clammy skin. Which is the most likely explanation for this presentation?

during the medical history assessment prior to an upper GI study, the patient reports he is taking an AC inhibitor, Vasotec. This suggests the patient is being treated for which condition?

Which item must be discarded in a biohazard bag?

What type of shock is caused by a reaction to contrast media?

When a radiographer asks a patient to lie down on the imaging table and the patient complies, which type of consent has the patient given?

Which describes the proper technique for needle insertion during venipunture?

Which practices are considered violations of HIPAA? (two)

Which is the most likely result if an exposure is made without the use of a focusing cup?

Which term refers to the removal of an electron from the orbital shell of an atom?

How is the process of thermionic emission described?

which type of interaction results in the production of bremsstrahlung -rays?

Which term is used to describe the intensity of the x-ray beam?

what is the primary controlling factor for x-ray beam quality?

Which type of radiation is produced when an outer shell electron fills an inner shell vacancy?

What is the minimum recommended filtration for general diagnostic x-ray units?

In which position should the patient be placed in order to demonstrate the right intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine while minimizing radiation dose to the thyroid gland?

What is the advantage of using high kVp, low mAs technique with DR systems?

With all other factors remaining the same, a decrease in kVp with cause an increase in which x-ray beam characteristic?

Which fluoroscopic mode results in the lowest patient dose?

A six year old pediatric patient arrives in the radiology suite for a radiograph of the abdomen. Which st of technical factors provides the best radiation protection?

What is the maximum allowable tabletop intensity in high level control (HLC) fluoroscopic procedures?

A radiographer performs an abdomen examination with a mobile DR system. In order to reduce the likelihood of a repeat exposure, he decides to increase the technical factors slightly more than necessary. Which term refers to this undesirable practice?

Which is the required amount of inherent filtration for general purpose x-ray tubes?

According to the FDA, what is the maximum air kerma rate for fixed fluoroscopic units?

A radiographer stands six feet from the x-ray source when performing a portable chest exam and receives an exposure of 2 mGy. If the radiographer performs a repeat exam using the same technical factors standing at a distance of three feet from the source, how much exposure will be received?

Which factors will impact the radiation barrier calculations for an x-ray room?

(3)

Which procedures should imaging personnel perform in order to reduce exposure time during fluoroscopic procedures?

(3)

Which organ has the highest tissue weighting factor?

Which minimum thickness of lead shielding is required to cover the bucky slot during fluoroscopic exams?

Which value represents the annual maximum dose limit for exposure to the extremities in medical imaging personnel?

Which is the maximum allowable exposure to the embryo or fetus each month?

A 14 year old female patient arrives in the radiology department for a scoliosis series. Which option provides both the bst image quality and lowest radiation dose for this patient?

For which lumbar spine projections should a shaped contact shield be applied to provide protection for the gonads of a male patient? (3)

How will dose area product (DAP) be affected during a 4 Roentgen exposure is the collimated field is reduced from 8 X 8 cm to 4 X 4 cm?

Which statement correctly describes the amount of kinetic energy required for a photon to remove an inner shell electron from its orbit?

In the diagnostic energy range, which substances possesses the greatest ability to absorb radiant energy through the process of photoelectric absorption?

Which are by-products of photoelectric absorption?

Which interaction with matter contributes to the majority of occupational exposure?

Which describes the relationship between LT and RBE?

Which describes a linear, non-threshold dose-response relationship?

Which term is an alternate name for the prodromal stage of ARS?

Which whole body dose most closely approximates the LD 50/30 for humans?

At which energy range dose photodisentegration occur?

For which purpose is gonadal shielding recommended?

Which combination of technical factors is recommended to reduce patient dose?

What is the primary purpose of beam filtration?

Patient dose during fluoroscopy can be minimized by which methods? (3)

When a pregnant patient must undergo a radiographic procedure, which practices will minimize radiation exposure? (3)

Which method should be the first choice to reduce exposure to the reproductive organs in every radiographic exam?

How should the radiology manager schedule a pregnant radiographer?

how many millimeters of lead equivalency is recommended for lead aprons worn by pregnant radiographers?

How should a mobile C-arm fluoroscope be positioned to provide maximum radiation protection to the operator?

If all other factors remain constant, how is radiation dose related to SOD?

Over the entire gestational period, what is the fetal exposure limit?

Which term means the loss or change of a nitrogenous base in the DNA chain?

Which human cell is the most resistant to the effects of radiation?

Which dose may cause temporary sterility of both males and females?

Biologic damage resulting from the ionization of key atoms causing these molecules to become inactive or functionally altered is much more likely to occur after exposure to which type of radiation?

Place the following actions in order of greatest to least impact for reducing occupational exposure during fluoroscopy.

Place the following actions in the order of greatest to least impact for reducing occupational exposure during fluoroscopy.

Which post processing action is always acceptable?

How does a wide window width affect an image?

In CR systems, the photostimulable phosphor plate is made of which material?

Which radiopaque marker is image appropriate after micturition has taken place?

Which procedure is most effective for reducing localized image blurring caused by involuntary patient motion?

Assuming that AEC is to be used, what backup mAs are sufficient for a large adult AP lumbar spine done at 80 kVp?

The radiographer is using AEC on a sinus examination. The quality control technologist directs the radiographer to repeat the Water's projection with increased contrast. Thus the radiographer changes the kVp from 85 to 72. What change to AEC settings or positioning is needed?

Which x-ray tube orientation represents the correct application of the anode heel effect?

A lateral lumbar spine image was obtained with a field size of 11X14 inches at 95 kVp and AEC with the center detector selected. The resulting image demonstrates excessive quantum noise. Which is the most likely cause for this appearance?

Which effect does switching to the small focal spot size have on a manifest image?

Which acronym describes a network of computers that manages digital images?

How will raising the window level affect the digital image?

A fixed kVp variable mA chart recommends exposure factors of 70 kVp and 32 mAs for an AP abdomen projection on an average-size patient. Based on this chart, which fixed kVp technique is most appropriate for an AP projection of a double contrast upper GI image?

Which mA station with result in a mAs value of 44 if the exposure time is 0.11 seconds?

Which image, when performed according to normal standards, will demonstrate the greatest magnification of the anatomy of interest?

Which term refers to a graphical representation of pixel values?

The collimator light must be aligned to the radiation field within what percent of the SID?

With all other factors remaining the same, which SID results in the greatest exposure to the IR?

How are AEC devices for mammo different than those used with diagnostic radiography?

Which set of exposure factors is most likely to provide clear visualization of the upper cervical spine through the mandible when performing an AP wagging jaw projection?

When using digital imaging, which has the greatest influence on contrast?

The mobile chest image lacks which required element?

The center of the x-ray beam must be aligned to the center of the bucky tray to within what percent of the SID?

Which mAs setting is most likely to produce quantum mottle?

Opening the collimators wider than necessary using digital radiography has which effect on image quality?

Consider these different abdomen images of the same patient. What most likely caused the difference in these images?

How does aliasing appear radiographically when using CR?

Which is an advantage of digital imaging systems compared to traditional film screen systems?

Which mAs value should be selected for a patient measuring 30 cm if 22 mAs is optimal for a patient measuring 25 cm?

Which scenario causes foreshortening of the anatomy on the image?

Which is the best way to avoid excessive quantum noise when using cassette based digital systems?

Which is a primary advantage of a rotating anode?

Which factor will have the greatest impact on decreasing recorded detail or spatial resolution?

At which location is the ionization chamber located in the AEC device?

A portable chest x-ray is taken at 56 inches using 12 mAs at 72 kVp. Which technique should the radiographer use if the chest x-ray is repeated in the radiology dept at 72 inches to maintain density?

Which technical factor increases the number of x-ray photons reaching the IR?

Which term refers to the positive electrode of the x-ray tube?

all other factors remaining the same, how will increasing the SID from 40 to 60 inches affect the appearance of a radiographic image?

Which device provides the required amount of voltage for x-ray production?

Which factors affect spatial resolution in digital imaging? (2)

Which substance is added to the x-ray tube housing to increase heat dissipation?

Which combination results in an image with the greatest recorded detail?

An image of the abdomen demonstrates appropriate density and scale of contrast, but motio blur is present due to peristalsis. If the original image was obtained with a 200 mA station and an exposure time of 0.35 seconds, which set of technical factors will produce a comparable exposure while minimizing motion artifact?

Which device is located in the primary section of the general x-ray circuit?

which device in the x-ray circuit changes alternating current to direct current?

which effect does a step up transformer have on voltage and current?

Which effect will a low SNR have on the appearance of a digital radiographic image?

A radiograph of optimal density is produced at 15 mAs and a SID of 40 inches. Which mAs value is required to produce the same radiographic density if this exam is repeated at an SID of 48 inches?

Which post processing techniques may be used with digital imaging? (3)

Which advantage is gained by increasing the standard SID from 40 to 48 inches?

Beginning with the patients head in true lateral position, which positioning method is recommended for demonstrating the mandibular body without foreshortening on an axiolateral oblique method of the mandible?

Consider this oblique hand image. Which statement correctly describes this image?

Which lumbar spine structures are best demonstrated with the patient in a 45 degree LPO?

Which type of pathology is defined as inflammation of an outpouching of the colon?

The Holmblad method is performed to demonstrate which radiographic appearance?

In which position should the patient be placed for insertion of the enema tip during a barium enema procedure?

Which body plane is positioned perpendicular to the IR on a lateral chest projection?

Which radiographic appearance results when the anterior surface of the patients elbow is rotated 45 degrees medially for an AP elbow projection?

Which bones make up the ankle mortise?

Where should the CR be directed for a lateral lumbosacral spine projection when using a 14X17in IR?

Which statement most accurately describes the position of the kidneys within the abdominal cavity of an average patient?

Which finding is demonstrated most clearly by a left lateral decubitus image of the abdomen?

Which is the correct central ray location for an AP knee?

An AP shoulder image acquired with the epicondyles perpendicular to the image receptor with demonstrate which radiographic appearance?

How far should the upper border of the IR extend above the shoulders for a PA chest?

How many posterior ribs should be visable above the diapragm on a PA chest?

Based on the appearance of the image, in which position was the patient placed for this postfluoroscopy image?

Which structure is demonstrated without superimposition on a properly position medial oblique foot?

Place the parts of the respiratory tract in order from the most proximal to the most distal.

Which statement describes the presence of patient rotation on a lateral C spine image?

Which describes the appearance of a PA axial projection of the skull using the Caldwell method?

Which portion of the small intestine is most commonly affected by Crohns disease?

Which positioning procedure is performed to demonstrate the right intervertebral foramina of the C spine?

Which appearance is demonstrated by a lateral projection of the shoulder obtained using the Lawrence method?

Which radiographic finding is characteristic of C spine trauma resulting in a jefferson fracture?

When is a cross table later preferred over a recumbent left lateral when obtaining images for a myelogram?

For which purpose is orthoroentgenography performed?

Which method of respiration will demonstrate the maximum number of ribs above the diaphragm when performing an AP projection of the upper ribs?

A PA axial projection of the coccyx is performed because the patient is unable to tolerate the supine position due to injuries sustained after falling backward. How should the CR be adjusted for this projection?

Which anatomical structure is the most medial?

If a radiographic image is requested to show the nephrogram phase of an intravenous urogram, how long after IV contrast administration should this image be obtained?

An AP pelvis image shows evidence that the patient is rotated toward the right hip. Which statement below best describes the appearance of this image?

In which exam is contrast introduced in to the area of interest in a retrograde fashion?

Which is the correct CR location for a PA hand projection?

The right RPO chest position may be used instead of the LAO position to demonstrate the heart and great vessels. How will using the RPO position affect the appearance of these structures?

Which alternative procedure is recommended when positioning a patient for a Swimmers lateral of the cervicothoracic region if the shoulder away from the image receptor cannot be fully depressed

Which anatomical structure is the most distal?

Which tarsal bone is best seen when the plantar surface of the foot is positioned perpendicular to the image receptor, and a 40 degree cephalic CR is directed to the base of the third metatarsal?

Where should the CR enter the patient on an AP projection of the chest with the patient in the lateral decubitus position?

Which method of respiration is recommended for a soft tissue neck exam to evaluate the trachea?

What should be demonstrated on a properly exposed supine image of the abdomen?

Which statement describes a properly positioned lateral foot image?

Which wrist projection best demonstrates a Colles' fracture?

In which position is the knee placed in order to demonstrate the head of the fibula without superimposition?

Which anatomical landmark coincides with the level of CR entrance point for a PA chest radiograph?

The alexander method is used to demonstrate dislocation of which joint?

After contrast has been administered into the hip joint during arthrography, what should the patient do?

Which is the CR location for an AP oblique projection of the urinary bladder during a cystogram?

Which CR orientation is recommended for a standard AP axial projection of the skull to demonstrate the dorsum sellae within the foramen magnum

How should the CR be angled to compensate for a patient who is unable to assume the erect lordotic position for an AP axial lordotic projection of the chest?

Which skull positioning line is situated perpedicular to the IR when performing a Water's method of the facial bones?

The appendix is connected anatomically to which structure?

Which CR angle is recommended to demonstrate the coronoid process of the elbow using the Coyle Method?

How are the patients hand and fingers positioned for a PA wrist projection?

At which location is the CR directed for an AP projection of the thoracic spine?

How should the radiographer rotate the patients lower leg and foot for an AP oblique projection of the second toe?

Which position/projection of the elbow best demonstrates the trochlear notch of the ulna?

Which x-ray tube orientation is used to create a 90 degree angle between the CR and the metatarsals for an AP axial projection of the foot

Where should the CR enter the patient for a lateral sacrum projection?

Which projection demonstrates the Right kidney in profile?

Which projection of the foot demonstrates the cuboid bone in profile with the least bony superimposition?

If a patient is to undergo a small bowel series without a preceding upper upper GI series, how much barium sulfate suspension should be given?

Which is the proper amount and direction of heel rotation recommended for a PA projection of the patella?

Study the four digital images of both shoulders. What best describes the quality of these images?

On a radiograph of a shoulder, the greater tubercle is visualized in profile. Which projection was taken?

There are several methods to overcome sagging of the lumbar spine in the lateral position. Where should the radiographer begin?

Which CR angle is recommended for an AP axial projection of the toes?

When performing a RAO of the sternum, a radiographer will rotate the pt 15-20 degrees. Why is this done?

Which condition may increase bowel motility?

Which projection of the stomach demonstrates the duodenal bulb filled with barium and free of superimposition?

Place the parts of the GI tract in order from proximal to distal.

Which projection is freest of bony superimposition over the TMJ?

which projection will clearly show a clay shovelers frature?

What is the angle between the intervertebral foramina and the midsaggital plane in the thoracic spine?

Which position of the elbow will clearly demonstrate the radial neck free of ulnar superimposition?

According to Merrills Atlas where should the central be centered to best demonstrate the rami for a posteroanterior mandible projection?

This 45 degree oblique ankle image demonstrates the calcaneus obscuring the distal aspect of the lateral mortise and distal fibula. How should the radiographer correct this image?

On a lateral radiograph of a patients leg, where will the patients tibia be in relation to the fibula?

Which describes correct positioning for a PA chest projection? (3)

Correct positioning for an AP pelvis requires the lower limbs to be internally rotated until which structures are parallel with the IR?

While reviewing an AP portable chest exam on the display a radiographer notices the medial ends of the clavicles are demonstrated just below the top of the apices of the lungs. Which positioning error has occurred?

Can the positioning of this open mouth odontoid view be improved?

On a fan lateral radiograph of a left hand, which group of bones is best visualized?

A radiographers critiques an AP ankle. The medial mortise joint is open while the lateral mortise joint is closed. How can the radiographer adjust the ankle to correct this image?

A radiographer critiques an AP image of the ribs. The left SC joint is demonstrated without vertebral column superimposition. What should the radiographer do?

What is the correct position of the midsagittal plane with respect to the IR when performing a true lateral projection of a skull?

Where should the radiographer direct the CR for a PA chest?

How should the radiographer correct this image of a medial oblique foot?

Where is the anterior arch of C1?

Which exam may be used to assess cruciate ligament pathology?

Why are dorsal decubitus projections of the abdomen obtained?

Which bony landmark is commonly used for central ray location on an AP chest projection?

Which procedure is most appropriate when performing a cervical spine exam for suspected trauma on a patient on a backboard with the head immobilized?

A lateral scapula image demonstrates the lateral border of the scapula next to the ribs and the vertebral border of the scapula demonstrated posterolaterally. How should the radiographer correct this image?

A trauma patient arrives in the radiology department on a backboard with possible trauma to the anterior chest wall. Which is the best method for obtaining an oblique sternum radiograph in this setting?

Which position is used to demonstrate the left kidney in profile for an IVU?

When imaging the toes, how much is the central ray angled for the AP axial image?

What can be demonstrated with a left lateral decub position of the thorax?

An 82 year old female patient is transported to the x-ray dept for an exam of the right hip. The ordering physician informs the radiographer that the patient fell at home, and there is high suspicion for a femoral neck fracture. Which positioning guideline is best for the radiographer to follow?

Which type of fracture results from a direct blow to the front of the orbit?

Body habitus can affect many things, including the position of the gallbladder. Place the body habitus in order from which habitus will cause the gallbladder to occupy the highest position in the abdominal cavity to the habitus that will cause the gallbladder to occupy the lowest position in the abdominal cavity.

What is the proper amount of internal leg rotation for the ankle mortise joint to appear open?

For a lateral femur, if a patient is rotated too far anteriorly, what will happen to the condyles on the distal femur?

Which anatomy is well visualized when the foot is is properly positioned and exposed in an axial plantodorsal projection of the heel?

An image demonstrates the patella superimposing the medial condyle of the knee and little superimposition between the head of the fibula and the proximal tibia. Which projection of the knee has been correctly performed?

Which is the best projection to evaluate the coronoid process in profile?

To demonstrate scoliosis, which procedure is best?

A lateral knee image reveals that the femoral condyles are not superimposed with the medial condyle situated posteriorly. How should the radiographer correct this image?

While performing an AP Projection of the scapula, what should be done to the patients are to move the patients scapula in a lateral direction?

What should the radiographer do to correct this image?

Which CR angulation is recommended to prevent foreshortening of the sacrum on an AP projection?

What should be done to correct positioning on an AP elbow with lateral rotation when the radial head is slightly superimposed over the proximal ulna on the first effort?

Which projection is a radiographer performing if the patients hand is turned in extreme internal rotation, with the central ray directed perpendicular to the first MCP joint?

Which finding is considered a contraindication for myelography?

Which describes the correct positioning for demonstrating the right SI joint, with the joint space open?

When attempting to demonstrate air-fluid levels, what is the correct central ray orientation for an AP semierect chest projection?

Which position was used to produce the image of the stomach?

Where should the radiographer center to demonstrate the only point of articulation between the upper limb and the trunk?

Identify the medical condition in a patients history which should be cleared by the radiologist before the injection of an ionic, water soluble, injectable contrast agent.

A patient with advanced Alzheimer's disease needs to have a lung biopsy. Which condition is involved in legally obtaining informed consent to perform this procedure?

Which disease is contracted by exposure to infected blood and blood products?

A patient become unresponsive after receiving an injection of iodinated contrast media. The patients blood pressure is 80/50. what has likely occured?

Which type of contrast is recommended if the patient has a perforated bowel?

If a patient with a compound fracture has an immobilization device in place, what is the best action by the radiographer?

Which condition could lead to neurogenic shock?

During a myelogram, a patient on the table stops breathing, and cardiac arrest is suspected. In an emergency like this where would needed equipment and supplies be found?

Which normal effect of aging is a common obstacle to communication with elder adults?

which example represents a violation of HIPAA?

Which is an example of a violation of patients privacy?

A patient with a history of stroke and hemiparalysis is transported to the x-ray dept by wheelchair. Which action should be taken first by the radiographer?

A patient with a wound infection cause by MRSA should be under which precation?

Which statement most accurately explains the typical reaction a patient can expect following the IV administration of low osmolar iodinated contrast?

How can a radiographer be less intimidating to a child?

If a patient contracts an infectious microorganism from soiled linen, which term refers to this method of disease transmission?

What is the proper sequencing of exams if the patient needs a BE, IVU, and thyroid uptake on the same day?

What contrast would be used for a patient who has asthma?

What are the three common sites for measuring the pulse of an adult patient?

What is the term for the pressure in the arterial blood vessels when the left ventricle contracts?

A step up transformer with 300 turns in the primary coil is supplied with 220 volts to this primary. How many secondary turns are needed to produce 66,000 volt output?

What is the result if the total lead content of a grid is decreased?

In tomography, the radiographer is able to control the thickness of the slice by altering which of the following?

What statement is correct regarding the relationship of patient dose to EI?

If all of the images from one radiographic room seem to appear excessively noisy, what might the radiographer suspect?

Which component of a diagnostic x-ray tube restricts the primary beam to the area of interest?

What is a method of electronic display resolution and quality control testing?

A finished radiograph has marked quantum mottle. positioning, collimation and, identification markers are correct. Which action should the radiographer take?