The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic vessels, lymphatic tissue, lymph nodes, and lymphoid organs such as ____
Spleen and thymus
The functions of the lymph system include all of the following except ____
A. Protecting the body from foreign substance
B. Returning tissue fluid to the system circulatory system
C. Filtering the lymph fluid
D. Removing worn out RBCs from the system
Removing erythrocytes from the system
The right lymphatic duct drains ___
the right side of the head and thorax, and the right upper extremity
Select the mechanism below that is not involved in the flow of lymph through the body
pumping action of the heart
Antigens that can provoke an immune response include ___
Foreign proteins; polysaccharides; Small molecules, haptens, that link to our own body proteins
These cells recognize antigens and initiate immune response
lymphocytes
B cells provide this kind of immunity
humoral
Germinal centers in the cortex of lymph nodes contain primarily ___
B cells
This medullary region of the lymph node contains primarily ___
macrophages
The ____ pulp is responsible for the immune functions of the spleen
white
In the tonsils, these structures trap bacteria and other foreign material
crypts
What is NOT true about antibodies
They are cells
Lymph vessels resemble these vessels of the systemic circulation
Veins
Although all of the organs below can raise an immune response, only this one filters the lymph
Lymph nodes
Lymph in the cisterna chyli differs in composition from lymph in the general lymphatic stream in that it contains more ____
Fat
The function of B cells in the immune response is ___
to produce plasma cells that make antibodies
The property of immunological memory is ___
the ability to recognize and mount an attack [that was previously encountered]
What causes the flow of lymph to slow within lymph nodes
there are more afferent vessels than efferent vessels
This region of an antibody forms the antigen-binding site that binds a specific antigenic determinant of an antigen
variable portion of heavy and light chains
Antibodies ___
are proteins composed of heavy and light chains
The function of the respiratory system is to ____
supply the body with oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide
Ventilation is ___
the movement of air into and out of lungs
This portion of the upper respiratory system serves only as an air passageway
nasopharynx
Speech occurs when air is moved through this passageway between the ____
vocal folds
The trachea divides into ___ bronchi that lead to the lungs
2?
The boundary between the conducting zone and the respiratory zone structures occurs at the ____
terminal bronchiole/respiratory bronchiole junction
Because the conducting zone structures have no gas exchange function, they are called ___
anatomical dead space
The prominence on this laryngeal cartilage is called the Adam's apple
thyroid
What kind of epithelium lines the trachea?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar
The main bronchi enter the lungs at an area called the
hilum of the lung
The larynx ____
contains the apparatus for speech
The portion of the serous membrane that lines the thoracic walls is called the ____
parietal pleura
Inspiration is the time during which ___
air is taken into the lungs
Tidal volume is ___
the amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each resting breath
Vesicular breathing sounds probably result from ____
air filling the alveolar sacs ???
Nervous system centers set the normal resting rate and depth or respiration. Which factors below can alter this normal respiratory rate and depth?
Exercise, changes in blood CO2 levels, and changes in the pH of the blood
CO2 from tissue cells forms ___ when combined with water. this compound dissociates into H+ and ____, and participates in an important buffering system in the blood.
carbonic acid; HCO3-
To compute inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), one would need to know ____
Tidal volume,
The amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation is called the __
expiratory reserve
The vital capacity, or maximal amount of air that one can move, is the sum of ___
IRV, TV, and ERV
In testing a patient who has tuberculosis, you would expect the ____
FVC will be decreased
Once you measure the TV and vital capacity, you must also calculate the ___ before you can determine the total lung capacity.
residual volume