Human Anatomy & Physiology: Digestion Festival 7 Flashcards

The major means of propelling food through the digestive tract is __________.

-peristalsis
-churning
-segmentation
-swallowing

In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach ________.

-initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins
-is the only place where fats are completely digested
-is the first site where chemical digestion of starch takes place
-is the first site where absorption takes place

Fats significantly delay the emptying of the stomach.

True
False

Which organ of the digestive tract is the body's major digestive organ?

-large intestine
-small intestine
-liver
-stomach

Most digestion and absorption of nutrients occur in the __________.

-large intestine
-stomach
-liver
-small intestine

What part of the tooth bears the force of chewing?

-pulp
-crown
-cementum
-enamel

What is the major digestive function of the pancreas?

-production of bicarbonate ions
-production of insulin
-production of glucagon
-production of digestive enzymes

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the stomach?

-The stomach releases enzymes to digest carbohydrates.
-The stomach produces a double-layered coat of alkaline mucus.
-The stomach mucosa is folded into rugae.
-The stomach has three layers of muscle in the muscularis tunic.

Peristaltic waves are ________.

-churning movements of the gastrointestinal tract
-waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another
-pendular movements of the gastrointestinal tract
-segmental regions of the gastrointestinal tract

The mucosa collapses inward when the stomach is empty, forming large folds known as __________.

-rugae
-cardia
-fundus
-pylorus

The __________ is the last segment of the small intestine.

-colon
-jejunum
-ileum
-duodenum

How would you classify chewing food?

-ingestion
-digestion
-mechanical breakdown
-propulsion

Which of the following is not a factor that helps create the stomach mucosal barrier?

-tight junctions of epithelial mucosa cells
-replacing of damaged epithelial mucosa cells
-production of intrinsic factor
-thick coating of bicarbonate-rich mucus

The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located ________.

-in the glandular tissue that lines the organ lumen
-in the pons and medulla
-in the oral cavity
-in the walls of the tract organs

Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler compounds by the process of ________.

-mastication
-catabolism
-fermentation
-anabolism

The __________ is the serous membrane that lines the abdominal body wall.

-omenta
-parietal peritoneum
-mesentery
-visceral peritoneum

Most gastric ulcers are due to excessive production of hydrochloric acid.

True
False

Impacted wisdom teeth is a problem that is never observed in children because ______.

-their teeth are generally too small to become impacted
-the childhood lengthening of their jaw bones provides all of the deciduous teeth with lots of room to erupt through the gums
-they lack third molar teeth
-their wisdom teeth fall out before there is any opportunity for them to become impacted

What muscle forms the labia of the mouth?

-buccinator
-zygomaticus
-orbicularis oris
-orbicularis oculi

Which of the following is NOT a structural modification of the small intestine to increase surface area?

-circular folds
-rugae
-villi
-microvilli

There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs ________.

-at the end of a large meal, and the juices secreted are powerful and remain in the GI tract for a long period of time
-immediately after food enters the stomach, preparing the small intestine for the influx of a variety of nutrients
-before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought
-when the meal is excessively high in acids and neutralization is required

From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen.

-submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa, and mucosa
-muscularis externa, serosa, mucosa, and submucosa
-mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa
-serosa, mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa

The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called ________.

-digestion
-secretion
-ingestion
-absorption

All the chemical and mechanical phases of digestion from the mouth through the small intestine are directed toward changing food into forms that can pass through the epithelial cells lining the mucosa into the underlying blood and lymphatic vessels.

True
False

The __________ guards the entry of food into the stomach.

-pyloric sphincter
-diaphragm
-cardiac sphincter
-ileocecal valve

Which layer of the alimentary canal is constructed from either stratified squamous or simple columnar epithelium?

-serosa

-mucosa

-submucosa

-muscularis externa

Which histological layer of the digestive tract is composed primarily of epithelial tissue?

-lamina propria

-adventitia

-submucosa

-mucosa

The lamina propria is composed of ________.

-dense irregular connective tissue

-reticular connective tissue

-dense regular connective tissue

-loose connective tissue

The capillaries that nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutrients lie in the ________.

serosa

submucosa

adventitia

lamina propria

Which is not a function of saliva?

Saliva cleanses the mouth.

Saliva dissolves food chemicals so they can be tasted.

Saliva contains enzymes that begin the chemical breakdown of proteins.

Saliva moistens food and helps compact it into a bolus.

How many deciduous teeth are there?

10

5

20

16

Pepsinogen is the precursor to the gastric enzyme for protein digestion and is secreted by the parietal cells.

True

False