Chapter 13 Exam 5 Flashcards

In the accompanying image, a nucleotide is indicated by the letter _____.

Which of these is a difference between a DNA and an RNA molecule?

This is an image of a(n) _____.

The letter A indicates a _____.

A nitrogenous base is indicated by the letter _____.

You can tell that this is an image of a DNA nucleotide and not an RNA nucleotide because you see a _____.

Which of these nitrogenous bases is found in DNA but not in RNA?

Which of these is(are) pyrimidines?

In a nucleotide, the nitrogenous base is attached to the sugar's _____ carbon and the phosphate group is attached to the sugar's _____ carbon.

Nucleic acids are assembled in the _____ direction.

In a DNA double helix an adenine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _____ of the complementary strand, and a guanine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _____ of the complementary strand.

In a DNA double helix an adenine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _____ of the complementary strand, and a guanine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _____ of the complementary strand.

This is an image of a _____.

Who demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material of the T2 phage?

The radioactive isotope ³²P labels the T2 phage's _____.

Hershey and Chase used _____ to radioactively label the T2 phage's proteins.

After allowing phages grown with bacteria in a medium that contained ³²P and ³⁵S, Hershey and Chase used a centrifuge to separate the phage ghosts from the infected cell. They then examined the infected cells and found that they contained _____, which demonstrated that _____ is the phage's genetic material.

In the 1950s, when Watson and Crick were working on their model of DNA, which concepts were well accepted by the scientific community?

Select all that apply.

What are the chemical components of a DNA molecule?

Select all that apply.

In the early 1950s, many researchers were racing to describe the structure of DNA using different approaches. Which of the following statements is true?

Early, flawed DNA models proposed by Watson and Crick and by Linus Pauling correctly described which property of DNA?

What did Rosalind Franklin’s famous photo 51 show?

Erwin Chargaff observed that the proportions of adenine (A) and thymine (T) bases were always equal, as were the proportion of guanine (G) and cytosine (C). Chargaff’s observation suggests which of the following statements?

What did the structure of DNA’s double helix suggest about DNA’s properties?

Select all that apply.

Does the distribution of bases in sea urchin DNA and salmon DNA follow Chargaff’s rules?

What is the %T in wheat DNA?

If Chargaff’s equivalence rule is valid, then hypothetically we could extrapolate this to the combined genomes of all species on Earth (as if there were one huge Earth genome). In other words, the total amount of A in every genome on Earth should equal the total amount of T in every genome on Earth. Likewise, the total amount of G in every genome on Earth should equal the total amount of C in every genome on Earth.

Calculate the average percentage for each base in your completed table. Do Chargaff’s equivalence rules still hold true when you consider those six species together?

In a DNA double helix an adenine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _____ of the complementary strand, and a guanine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _____ of the complementary strand.

After DNA replication is completed, _____.

The first step in the replication of DNA is catalyzed by _____.

The action of helicase creates _____.

Why is the new DNA strand complementary to the 3' to 5' strands assembled in short segments?

The synthesis of a new strand begins with the synthesis of a(n) _____.

An old DNA strand is used as a _____ for the assembly of a new DNA strand.

Short segments of newly synthesized DNA are joined into a continuous strand by _____.

After DNA replication is completed, _____.

The first step in the replication of DNA is catalyzed by _____.

The action of helicase creates _____

Why is the new DNA strand complementary to the 3' to 5' strands assembled in short segments?

The synthesis of a new strand begins with the synthesis of a(n) _____.

Which of these is responsible for catalyzing the formation of an RNA primer?

An old DNA strand is used as a _____ for the assembly of a new DNA strand.

Short segments of newly synthesized DNA are joined into a continuous strand by _____.

What catalyzes DNA synthesis?

Which of the following statements about DNA synthesis is true?

Which part of a deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) molecule provides the energy for DNA synthesis?

Which of the following enzymes creates a primer for DNA polymerase?

Which of the following statements about Okazaki fragments in E. coli is true?

Which of the following enzymes is important for relieving the tension in a helix as it unwinds during DNA synthesis?

True or false? Single-stranded DNA molecules are said to be antiparallel when they are lined up next to each other but oriented in opposite directions.

Okazaki fragments

After replication is complete, the new DNAs, called _____, are identical to each other.

The enzyme that can replicate DNA is called ______.

The new DNA strand that grows continuously in the 5' to 3' direction is called the _____.

During DNA replication, an open section of DNA, in which a DNA polymerase can replicate DNA, is called a________.

In DNA replication in bacteria, the enzyme DNA polymerase III (abbreviated DNA pol III) adds nucleotides to a template strand of DNA. But DNA pol III cannot start a new strand from scratch. Instead, a primer must pair with the template strand, and DNA pol III then adds nucleotides to the primer, complementary to the template strand. Each of the four images below shows a strand of template DNA (dark blue) with an RNA primer (red) to which DNA pol III will add nucleotides.

In which image will adenine (A) be the next nucleotide to be added to the primer?

The letter A indicates _____.

Where would RNA polymerase attach?

The letter C indicates _____.

What is this an image of?

What is this an image of?

For the first time, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is considering whether to allow the sale of _____.

The fish in the video have been genetically engineered to _____.

The modified salmon were created by _____.

According to the producers of the genetically modified salmon, the meat _____.

What concerns do some consumer groups have about genetically modified fish?

How does the company raising these fish claim to prevent the genetically modified fish from breeding with wild fish?

In this example the marker DNA includes fragments that have 23,130, 9,416, 6,557, 4,361, 2,322, 2,027, and 564 base pairs. Approximately how many base pairs are in the DNA fragment indicated by the letter A?

In this example the marker DNA includes fragments that have 23,130, 9,416, 6,557, 4,361, 2,322, 2,027, and 564 base pairs. Approximately how many base pairs are in the DNA fragment indicated by the letter B?

DNA fragment B consists of _____ base pairs.

Which of these DNA molecules is the shortest?

In gel electrophoresis DNA molecules migrate from _____ to _____ ends of the gel.

The unpaired nucleotides produced by the action of restriction enzymes are referred to as _____.

The sticky end of the DNA restriction fragment shown here will pair with a DNA restriction fragment with the sticky end _____.

What information can not be obtained from the sequence of a gene?

What is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

True or false? Comparison of the sequences of the same gene across species can give some insight into the existence of a common ancestor with that gene.

True or false? The Taq enzyme is a type of DNA polymerase that allows researchers to separate the DNA strands during the annealing step of the PCR cycle without destroying the polymerase.

How many DNA molecules would there be after four rounds of PCR if the initial reaction mixture contained two molecules?

During which step in the PCR cycle are nucleotides used?

During which step in the PCR cycle do primers form bonds with a single-stranded template?

To create a molecule of recombinant DNA, which of the following is cut with a restriction enzyme?

Which one of the following statements is correct?

Check each of the true statements about the proteins involved in cutting and pasting DNA. More than one statement may be true.

In order to insert a human gene into a plasmid, both must _____

What enzyme forms covalent bonds between restriction fragments?