Microbiology: Microbiology Self tests Chapter 13, 14, 15, 16 Flashcards

These have not been graded, if you see an error please let me know which notecard & what page you found the correction on. ~THANK YOU~

A complete, asembled virus

The subunits making up the protein outer coating of most viruses.

The protein outer coating of most viruses.

A term derived from the word for poison.

A combination of lipids, proteins, & carbohydrates covering the protein coating of a virus.

Infectious prion

Describes the morhology of the capsid of many viruses.

A method by which a virus enters an animal host cell.

A cell line derived from tissue that normally reproduces for relatively few generations.

The HeLa cell line would be placed in this group.

A clearing in a "lawn" of susceptible bacterial cells.

The number of bacteriophages produced by one bacterial host cell.

Presumed agent causing diseases such as sheep scrapie.

A bacterial virus.

A short strand of RNA virus without a capsid.

PrP

Describes a method by which an enveloped virus leaves the host cell while acquiring the envelope.

Describes growth characteristics of normal cell cultures in glass or plastic containers

A term meaning cancer-causing.

Observable changes in a virus infected cell.

The time during which the capsids & DNA of a phage, already formed, are now assembled into complete viruses.

Cancer of connective tissue

The clumping of RBC's due to adherence to spikes on viruses.

Equivalent to mRNA in a single-stranded RNA viruses.

RNA to DNA

Varicella virus

Herpes simplex 2

Epstein-Barr virus

Cytomegalovirus

Cause of Kaposi's sarcoma

The virus, once inside the host cell, seperates the viral nucleic acid from the capsid; this is called _________.

Another term for lysogenic phage is __________.

_______ are not solid tumors but an excessive production of white blood cells.

Many viruses can be grown in ______ eggs.

The herpes simplex virus remains_______ in nerve cells or the host for long periods without causing disease.

Counts of phage are made in terms of ________ units.

An oncogene might become active when placed on the chromosome in a position where normal controls are not active; this is termed _____________.

The term _____ refers to the spectrum of host cells the virus can infect.

When cells multiply in an uncontrolled way, the exess tissue is called a _________.

Oncogenic viruses are those that __________ cells into tumor cells.

The type of virus implicated as a cause of AIDS is a(n) _______________.

The abbreviation of TSTA stands for tumor-specific ________ antigens.

For several minutes following infection by a phage, no complete phages can be found in the host cell; this is called the _____ period.

The ________ of the phage is adsorbed to the host cell.

(ad or absorbed)???

The phage forms a hole in the cell wall using phage _________ & drives the tail core through the cell wall.

Sometimes the lytic cycle does not occur upon phage infection of a host bacterium. The phage DNA becomes incorporated as a(an)____ into the host's DNA.

When the phage DNA is incorporated into the host's DNA, this state is called ____________.

Transformed cells lose _________; that is, they do not stop reproduction when in contact w/neighbor cells.

The hepadnavirus has genetic material called ________.

Picornaviruses have genetic material called _____.

Tumors are malignant when cancerous & ______ when not cancerous.

14
Invasion or colonization of the body by potentially pathogenic microorganisms.

14
The cause of a disease.

14
A change from a state of health, in which the body is not properly adjusted or capable of performing its normal functions.

14
The manner in which a disease develops.

14
One organism is benefited at the expense of another.

14
The general relationship between the normal microbiota & the host.

14
One of the organisms is benefited & the other unaffected.

14
A symbiosis that benefits both organisms.

14
Live bacterial cultures intended to exert a beneficial effect.

14
First mild symptoms appear.

14
The individual regains strength, & the body returns to it prediseased state.

14
The time between infection & the first appearance of signs & symptoms.

14
Easily spread from one person to another person.

14
Tetanus is an example.

14
An inanimte object that may transmit disease.

14
A group of symptoms associated w/a disease.

14
Identification of a disease.

14
Objective changes caused by a disease that the physician may observe.

14

An arthropod, for example, that carries malaria.

14
A toxic, inflammatory condition arising from spread of bacteria or bacterial toxins from a focus of infection.

14
People who transmit diseases, but who do not exhibit any symtoms of illness.

14
A disease that occurs only occasionally.

14
A worlwide epidemic.

14
Diseases acquired in a hospital.

14
Diseases that occur in animals & can be transmitted to humans.

14
In ______ transmission of disease, an insect such as a fly carries that pathogen on its body to human food.

14
The _____ of a disease is the fraction of the populatio that contracts it during a particular period of time.

14
____ disease is one that develops rapidly but lasts only a short time.

14
A simple presence of bacteria in the blood is known as __________.

14
A(n) __________ infection is one caused by an opportunist after the primary infection has weakened the body's defenses.

14
_____ are changes in body function felt by the patient & subjective in nature, such as pain.

14
The science that deals w/transmission of diseases in the human population, & when & where they occur, is called _______.

14
The abbreviation CDC stands for ________ & prevention.

14
An abscess is an example of a(n) ________ type of infection.

14
An infection in which the microorganisms or their products are spread through the body in the blood or lymphatic system is known as a(n)________ infection.

14
An inapparent, or _____________, disease is one that does not cause any noticable illness.

14
The __________ of a disease is the fraction of the population having the disease at a given time.

14

Diseases intermediate between acute & chronic are described as _______.

Produced by some members of the genus Staphylococcus(italics); forms a fibrin clot around the bacterium.
15

A substance produced by some bacteria that destroys certain phagocytic cells.

15

Enzymes that cause lysis of RBC's.

15

Enyzmes that break down fibrin & dissolve clots.

15

The fibrinolysins produced by the streptococci.

15

May cause hallucinations or gangrene.

15

Virulence factor that improves adherence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae(italics).

15

Tumor necrosis factor.

15

A protein secreted by a bacterium.

15

The tetanus toxin is a good example.

15

A lipopolysaccharid component of the cell wall of may gram-negative bacteria.

15

Released upon lysis of the cell.

15

Detected by Limulus(italics) amoebocyte lysate assay

15

The capacity to form toxins.

15

Provides immunity to exotoxins.

15

The presence of a toxin in the bloodstream.

15

A way to measure virulence.

15

The degree of pathogenicity.

15

The ability of a pathogen to cause disease in a host.

15

Confers some resistance to phagocytosis.

15

Entrance through skin & mucous membranes to gain access to body tissues.

15

Very large multinucleated cells caused by viral infection.

15

An important component of the cell's cytoskeleton that aids in entrance of pathogens into the cell.

15

Produced by virus-infected cells; helps prevent infection of uninfected neighboring cells.

15

Portion of the outer wall of gram-negative bacterium that is the endotoxin.

15

Formerly called endogenous pyrogen.

15

Membrane-disrupting toxin such as a leukocidin.

15

Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome caused by superantigens.

15

An example is diphtheria toxin, which inhibits protein synthesis & kills the cell.

15

An example is the cell-lysing exotoxin Staphylococcus aureus(italics).

15

The term LD50 refers to the dose of pathogen that will kill half of the test _____.

15

Hyaluronidase is an enzyme secreted by certain bacteria that digests ___________acid.

15

A disease associated with _____-toxins is septic shock (supply prefix).

15

The limulus(italics) amoebocyte lysate assay is intended to detect _____.

15

One effect of a viral infection is unregulated cell growth due to loss of _____ inhibition.

15

Contributing to invasiveness by Streptococcus pyogenes(italics) is a cell protein called __ protein.

15

With few exceptions, microorganisms cannot penetrate unbroken skin; however some fungi grow on the ________ component of the skin.

15

The avenue by which a microorganism gains acciess to the body is called its ________.

15

If the pathogen causes a nonfatal disease, the equivalent to the LD50 test is referred to as ____ (infective dose).

15

The toxin ergot is contained in resistant mycelia called _________.

15

A microbe is pathogenic only if its characteristics are changed due to a prophage. This is called __________.

15

Explain the relationship between the waxy cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (italics) and virulence.

15

Hi.......... :-)

Produces tears

16

The outer layer of skin

16

An oily substance forming a protective film over the skin surface.

16

Secreted by cells in mucous membrane; prevents the cavities from drying out.

16

Covers larynx during swallowing.

16

The inner portion of the skin, composed of connective tissue.

16

The blood fluid.

16

Cells & cell fragments of the blood.

16

Immunity based on antibodies.

16

Movement by a microorganism toward an attractant chemical.

16

An increase in the diameter of blood vessels.

16

A collection of dead phagocytic cells & fluids.

16

Vulnerability to a pathogen.

16

Neutrophils:

16

Monocytes:

16

Lymphocytes:

16

An increase in the number of while blood cells.

16

Projections of the cell membrane of phagocyte.

16

A larger structure formed when lysosome & phagosome fuse.

16

A decrease in the number of white blood cells.

16

Blood flow decreases as phagocytes stick to the inner lining of blood vessels.

16

Complement reacts w/mast cells & attached antibodies to release this compound.

16

A protein in blood that inhibits microbial growth by reducing the amount of available iron.

16

Controls body temperature.

16

Emigration of phagocytes through the vessel wall to damaged tissue.

16

Protein secreted by bacteria to obtain iron.

16

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

16

Most numverous granulocytes in blood.

16

Stain red or organge w/the acidic dye eosin.

16

Attach externally to large parasites such as worms & lyse them by discharge of peroxides.

16

Granulocytes that stain w/basic methylene blue dyes.

16

Become macrophages.

16

Kupffer cells in the liver, for example.

16

Innate immunity.

16

Adaptive immunity.

16

Toll-like receptors.

16

Cytokines.

16

Dermicidin.

Some cells of the mucous membrane of the lower respiratory tract contain ________, which are microscopic, hairlike projections.

16

The ____________glands produce perspiration.

16

Complement acts in a sequence call a(n)

16

In the membrane attack complex associated w/the action of complement, circular lesions called ________ channels are formed.

16

_________is a group of more than 30 proteins found in blood serum.

16

Lymphocytes & monocytes do not have _______ in their cytoplasm.

16

The coating of micoorganism w/plasma proteins such as antibodies & complement is called _________ & promotes phagocytosis.

16

Scar tissue results from ____________-type repair.

The complement pathway that does not involve antibodies is called the ____________ pathway.

16

Another name for cellular self-destruction is _______.

16