Chordates- Chapter 34 Flashcards

Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic feature of the Chordata?

Chordate pharyngeal slits appear to have functioned first as

Which extant chordates are postulated to be most like the earliest chordates in appearance?

At least one of these has been found in all species of eumetazoan animals studied thus far.

A new species of aquatic chordate is discovered that closely resembles an ancient form. It has the following characteristics: external armor of bony plates, no paired lateral fins, and a suspension-feeding mode of nutrition. In addition to these, it will probably have which of the following characteristics?

What do all craniates have that earlier chordates did not have?

Terry catches a ray-finned fish from the ocean and notices that attached to its flank is an equally long, snakelike organism. The attached organism has no external segmentation, no scales, a round mouth surrounded by a sucker, and two small eyes. Terry thinks it might be a marine leech, a hagfish, or a lamprey.

Which feature excludes the organism from possibly being a leech?

The diagnostic feature of Chondrichthyes is _____.

Arrange these taxonomic terms from most inclusive (most general) to least inclusive (most specific).
1. lobe-fins
2. amphibians
3. gnathostomes
4. osteichthyans
5. tetrapods

For the following item, match the extant vertebrate groups with the descriptions.

Internal fertilization, leathery amniotic egg, and skin that resists drying are characteristics of

The presence of a swim bladder allows the typical ray-finned fish to stop swimming and still

Most members of which of the following groups are most closely associated with a wet or moist environment?

What should be true of fossils of the earliest tetrapods?

In which vertebrates is fertilization exclusively internal?

Which of these are amniotes?

Which of the following are the only extant animals that descended directly from dinosaurs?

What is the single unique characteristic that distinguishes extant birds from other extant vertebrates?

Which of the following statements about deuterostomes is false?

Which structure is not an innovation that occurred during vertebrate diversification?

True or false? An organism that is radially symmetric has many well-developed head regions.

Which characteristic distinguishes echinoderms from the other two deuterostome lineages?

Which of the following statements about vertebrates is true?

Which characteristics define a chordate?

Which structure can be used for feeding and gas exchange?

There are three major groups of mammals, categorized on the basis of their _____.

Which of the following is a characteristic of all chordates at some point during their life cycle?

How did the evolution of the jaw contribute to diversification of early vertebrate lineages?

A trend first observed in the evolution of the earliest tetrapods was _____.

What is believed to be the most significant result of the evolution of the amniotic egg?

Mammals and birds eat more often than reptiles. Which of the following traits shared by mammals and birds best explains this habit?

Which of these are amniotes?

Unlike eutherians, both monotremes and marsupials _____.

If a tunicate's pharyngeal gill slits were suddenly blocked, the animal would have trouble _____.

Which extant chordates are postulated to be most like the earliest chordates in appearance?

A new species of aquatic chordate is discovered that closely resembles an ancient form. It has the following characteristics: external armor of bony plates, no paired lateral fins, and a suspension-feeding mode of nutrition. In addition to these, it will probably have which of the following characteristics?

Jaws evolved _____.

Jaws first occurred in which extant group of fishes?

Listed below are four adaptations of terrestrial vertebrates. Which is a characteristic only of truly terrestrial animals with no need to return to water at any stage of the life cycle?

Which structure of the amniotic egg most closely surrounds the embryo?

Suppose you traveled back in time and located the first animals to have evolved feathers. You found that these animals were tree-dwelling ectotherms, able to run quickly but unable to fly. You also noticed that only males had feathers. Which hypothesis of feather evolution would these data most support? Feathers initially evolved in a role associated with _____.

Humans are _______.

Brown et al. and Morwood et al. reported in 2004 that they had found skeletal remains of a previously unknown type of hominin, now dubbed Homo floresiensis, on the Indonesian island of Flores. These hominins were small (approximately 1 meter tall) with small braincases (approximately 380 cubic centimeters) as compared with other hominins. The remains of H. floresiensis were found alongside handmade stone tools and the remains of dwarf elephants that also inhabited the island, suggesting that H. floresiensis was able both to make tools and to coordinate the hunting of animals much larger than itself. H. floresiensis is estimated to have lived at the site where the remains were found from at least 38,000 years ago to 18,000 years ago.

Refer to the paragraph on Brown et al. and Morwood et al. Which would be the most feasible method of figuring out to which other hominin species H. floresiensiswas most closely related?

Which of the following statements about human evolution is correct?