The body's water volume is closely tied to the level of which of the following ions?
A) calcium ions
B) potassium ions
C) hydrogen ions
D) sodium ions
D) sodium ions
Which of the following hormone is important in the regulation of sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid?
A) antidiuretic hormone
B) erythropoietin
C) aldosterone
D) renin
C) aldsterone
Atrial matriuretic peptide is a hormone that is made in the atria of the heart. The influence of this hormone is to______?
A) enhance atrial contractions
B) activate the renin-angiotensin mechanism
C) prevent pH changes caused by organic acids
D) reduce blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting sodium and water retention
D) reduce blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting sodium and water retention
Acidosis can occur when______.
A) A person consumes excessive amounts of antacids
B) A persons blood pH is reduced below 7.35
C) A runner has completed a very long marathon
D) The kidneys secrete hydrogen ions
B) A persons blood pH is reduced below 7.35
Which of the following two organs function as the most important in helping the body regulate pH?
A) the lungs and the kidneys
B) the adrenal glands and the testes
C) the thyroid gland and the heart
D) the stomach and the liver
A) the lungs and the kidneys
Which of the following exerts primary control over potassium levels in the body?
A) ADH
B) aldosterone
C) water levels
D) glucocorticoids
B) aldosterone
The link between the external and internal fluid compartments is_____.
A) plasma
B) intracellular fluid
C) interstitial fluid
D) cerebrospinal fluid
A) plasma
Newborn infants have a relatively higher body______content than do adults.
A) iron
B) sodium
C) water
D) bicarbonate
B) sodium
Where sodium is found mainly in the extracellular fluid, most____is found in the intracellular fluid.
A) iron
B) chloride
C) potassium
D) magnesium
C) potassium
Which of the following describes the distribution of calcium and bicarbonate (plasma) between cells and body fluids?
A) calcium mainly in the cells, bicarbonate in the body fluids
B) bicarbonate in the cells, calcium in the body fluids
C) equal amounts of each ion in the cells and the body fluids
D) little of either in the cells, but large amounts of each in the body fluids
D) little of either in the cells, but large amounts of each in the body fluids
Which of the following is NOT a buffer system?
A) phosphate
B) hemoglobin
C) bicarbonate
D) protein
B) hemoglobin
A blood pH above 7.45 indicates_____.
A) acidosis
B) alkalosis
C) neither A or B
B) alkalosis
What hormone increases blood pressure and blood volume by vasoconstriction and water retention?
A) ADH
B) aldosterone
C) atrial natriuretic peptide
D) thyroxine
A) ADH
Which of the following is a chemical buffer system of the ICF?
A) bicarbonate (ECF)
B) phosphate (ICF)
C) nucleic acid
D) protein
B) Phasphate
Extracellular fluid in the human body is composed of all of the following except____.
A) interstitial fluid
B) blood plasma
C) cerebrospinal fluid
D) cytoplasma
D) cytoplasm
The major physiological factor that triggers the thirst mechanism is______.
A) a dry mouth from high temperatures
B) becoming overly agitated
C) drinking caffeinated beverages
D) a 1-2% reduction in ICF
D) a 1-2% reduction in ICF
Dan has been lost in the dessert for two days without water. As a result of this, you would expect
A) elevated ADH levels
B) normal urine production
C) increased blood volume
D) cells enlarged with fluid
A
Dehydration will cause
A) fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF
B) decreased secretion of ADH
C) increased thirst
D) all of the above
C) increased thirst
During the act of drinking water, the thirst mechanism is usually inactivated by
A) distention of the stomach
B) increased ECF
C) increased ICF
D) decreased ADH levels
A) distention of the stomach
Which of the following is part of the ICF?
A) cytoplasm
B) synovial fluid
C) cerebrospinal fluid
D) interstitial fluid
A) cyroplasm
Which of the following raises calcium intake?
A) parathyroid hormone
B) aldosterone
C) ADH
D) calcitonin
A) parathyroid hormone
When water is lost from the ECF
A) the pH of the ECF falls
B) water moves from the ICF to ECF
C) both the ICF and ECF become more dilute
D) none of the above
B) water moves from the ICF to ECF
Which of the following buffer systems is most active if the ICF?
A) protein
B) phosphate
C) bicarbonate
D) none of the above
B) phosphate
Which of the following buffer systems is most active in the blood?
A) protein
B) phosphate
C) bicarbonate
D) cerebrospinal
A) protein
Which of the following represents the average percentage of body water in a healthy adult female?
A) 25
B) 50
C) 60
D) 25
B) 50