A&M Quiz 3 Goniometry Flashcards

Factors that affect ROM

Women tend to have ______ ROM compared to men (adults not children)

these motions below tend to be _______ in children :
Hip flexion, abduction, lateral rotation
Dorsiflexion
Elbow flexion and extension

the motions below tend to be _______ in children;
Hip extension
Knee extension
Plantar flexion

Wrist flexion and extension
Hip rotation
Shoulder rotation
Vertebral mobility
are all common areas of _________ Rom in adults

0- ______ degrees of motion is noted for each motion. typically

What are the 3 main parts of the goniometer

When determining ROM in the testing position the Joint should be in starting position of ___ degrees

when Using Goniometer the Fulcrum should be at the ____ ___ _____

when Using the Goniometer, Stationary arm parallel to long axis of _______ _________

the Moving arm of the goniometer should always be parallel to long axis of ______ _______

Ideally read goniometer while in place on the patient at ___ _____

when recording the measurement, Record starting and ending position
E.g. knee flexion

If pt is unable to start at 0° then from where started
e.g. knee flexion ...

If hyperextend then that degree - 0° to end ROM

12 steps of the testing procedure are?

The measurement of a joint angle and the amount of motion

Movement of the shafts of the bones around an axis
Gross movement of shafts of bones
Occurs around a fixed axis of motion
Takes place in 1 of the 3 cardinal planes and around corresponding axis

Movement of the joint surfaces with respect to each other

ROM

the feeling experienced by an examiner as a barrier to further motion at the end of PROM.

Excessive range of motion
Poor stability and control
Injury and repetitive stress
Pain?

Beighton Scale

If you want to improve rectus femoris length, what position will you place the hip and knee in?

If you want to improve hip extension, what position will you place the knee in?

If trying to improve length of a muscle that crosses two joints, how should that muscle be positioned?

If trying to improve ROM at a joint where a two joint muscle crosses, how should the joints and be positioned?

When trying to measure ROM at a joint, where should you position the muscle that crosses that joint and another?

Passive Insufficiency

If a _______ ________ ________ is limited, PROM may not pick that up because PROM is measured in a position that does not fully elongate a two-joint muscle

If a one joint muscle is limited,________ at that joint will be limited

Muscke Length Testing

Empty End Feel

Abnormal Hard End Feel

Nomal Hard End Feel

Abnormal Firm End Feel

Normal Firm End Feel

Abnormal Soft End Feel

Normal Soft End Feel

Abnormal End Feel

Normal End Feel

End Feel

ROM Assessment

Minimal Detectable Change

Concave on Convex

Convex on Concave

PROM

AROM

Hypomobility

Which axis of motion is oriented vertically when in the anatomical position. This axis runs through the shaft of the bone. Motion on this axis occurs in the transverse plane. Typically called rotational movements. Ex. Rotation of the trunk, oe internal/external rotation of the shoulder.

Which axis of rotation allows movement to occur along the sagittal plane, such as flexion or extension of the elbow.

Which axis oriented in a direction, which allows movement to occur along the frontal plane, Such as Abduction or adduction of the hip.

These movements take place along which plane?
• Internal and external rotation
• Axial rotation

These movements take place along which plane?
• Adduction
• Abduction
• Lateral flexion
• Ulnar and radial deviation
• Eversion
• Inversion

These movements take place along which plane?
• Flexion
• Extension
• Dorsiflexion
• Plantar flexion
• Forward and backward bending

pathological conditions involving the entire joint capsule that cause a particular pattern of restriction involving all or most of the passive motions of the joint.

Knee Flexion

Knee Extnsion

Hip Flexion

Hip extension

Hip Abduction

Hip Adduction

Hip Internal ROtation

Hip External Rotaton

Dorsiflxion (Talocrural joint)

Plantar Flexion

Inversion at the Tarsal Joint

Eversion at the Tarsal Joint

Inversion/Supination (subtalar inversion)

Eversion/Pronation (subtalar eversion)

MTP Joint Flexion

MTP JOint Extension

What muscle test tests the length of the rectus femoris and a positive test is anything less than 90 degrees of knee flexion?

What test tests the tightness of the IT band and anything greater than 10 degrees is a negative test

Normal ROM for Hip flexion of the SLR test is what>

What are the 4 joints of the shoulder complex

What are the rotator coff mucles and where do they insert?

what is the main rols of the rotator cuff muscles?

What muscles function as a group to control the active arthrokinematics of the GHJ by stabilizing the head of the humerus within the glenoid fossa during abduction?

Describe the degrees of freedom at the Shoulder

In order to achieve 90 degrees of ABD there must be 60 degrees of GH motion and ____ degrees of Scapulothoracic motion

What should you stabilize when measuring shoulder motion

CapsulaR Pattern for the GHJ of limited ROM is>

Frozen shoulder

what are the 3 stages of frozen shoulder

What stage of frozen shoulder presents as constant pain ( especially at night), and gradual loss of ROM in 2-9 months

what stage of frozen shoulder presents with stiffening of joint structures with continues loss of ROM (4-12 months)

What stage of frozen shoulder presents as restoration of motion and function (5-26 months)

Describe the loss of ROM you would expect to find after 5-6 months of adhesive capsulitis? which motions are the most? which are the least?

which side is considered the "normal side" when the differences in ROM between R&L in the general population are noted?

dominant or nondominant

AS we age, elderly start to lose internal rotation at the shoulders? T or F?

Combing hair requires ___ degrees of flexion and ____-____ degrees of ERT at the shoulder

Toileting requires ___-___ degrees extension and ___ degrees IR at the shoulder

Feeding calls for ___-___ degrees of flexion and ___-___ of IR at the shoulder

Sternoclavicular joint

Sternoclavicular Motion

The sternal end of the clavical is convex/concave in cephalad-caudal direction and convex/concave in the anterior-posterior direction

Why are the capsule and ligaments so strong and thick at the SC joint with little motion?

Tibial femoral joint

Patellofemoral joint

joint capsule

Anterior Knee Stabilization

What ligament is tested with the varus stress test?

What component of the Knee is tested with the Ober's test?

What ligament of the knee is tested with the Valgus Stress Test *with pain?

what muscles share a common insertion at the knee at the Pes Anserine

What muscles posteriorly stabilize the knee?

Which ligament of the Knee

• resists anterior translation of the tibia relative to a fixed femur (open chain)
• resists posterior translation of the femur relative to a fixed tibia (closed chain)
• resists varus and valgus deformations and excessive horizontal plane rotations

Meiniscal Tear

this type of pain is caused by the patella not moving well in the intercondylar groove

Bike

The _________ ligament does the following:
• Limits eversion
• A triangular shaped ligament originating off of the medial malleolus.
• The ligament has 3 sets of fibers;
o tibionavicular
o tibiocalcaneal
o tibiotalar

The _________ ligament does the following:
• Limits inversion
• Consists of 3 different ligaments
o Anterior talofibular
o Calcaneofibular
o Posterior talofibular
o The most frequently injured ligament is the anterior talofibular ligament, typically as a result of excessive inversion and plantar flexion

name the ligaments of the ankle going clockwise

What are the lateral ligaments of the ankle?

What are the medial ligaments of the ankle

the ___________ joint is Formed by the articulations between the convex head of the more proximal phalanx and the concave base of the more distal phalanx

the __________ joint Formed by the articulation between the convex metatarsal head and the concave base of each corresponding phalanx

the _____________ joint is formed by the articulation between the distal surfaces of the 3 cuneiforms and the cuboid with the base of all 5 metatarsals

The _______ _______ joint Consists of 2 articulations, the talonavicular joint and calcaneocuboid joint

Between the 3 inferior facets of the talus and the matching superior facets of the calcaneus describes which joint?

Trochlea of the talus articulates with the rigid concavity formed by the distal tibia and the fibula describes which joint?

Which ligament of the knee,

o Resists posterior translation of the tibia relative to a fixed femur (open chain)
o Resists anterior translation of the of the femur relative to a fixed tibia (closed chain)
o Resist extremes of knee flexion
o Resist valgus or varus deformations and excessive horizontal plane rotations

Mech of injury
-Hyperflexion
-Dashboard injuries
-Sever hyperextension
-Large valgus or varus producing force with a planted foot
-Any of t

Which ligament of the knee,
Resist valgus deformation of the knee
Resist excessive knee extension

Injury caused by;
Valgus producing force with foot planted
-Sever hyperextension

Which ligament of the knee,

Resist varus deformation of the knee
Resist excessive knee extension

Injury caused by;
Varus producing force with foot planted
-Sever ehyperextension

Donning socks: ___- ___ degrees of knee flexion

Sit to stand: _____ - ______ degrees of knee flexion

Descending stairs: ____ - ______ degrees of knee flexion

Ascending stairs: _____ - _____ degrees of knee flexion

Walking on level surfaces: Requires ____ - ____ degrees of knee flexion

Obesity is often associated with loss of knee ROM and pain

As much as _____ degree of loss of flexion for each unit of increase to BMI

standing = _____ BW at the knee?

Squatting =~ ___ x BW or 1400 lbs of compressive force on the knee

Stair Descend ___ x BW 0r 1000 lbs of compressive force on the knee

Stair Ascend= ___ x BW or 660lbs

Bike = ____ x BW or 100 lbs of compressive force on the knee

this type of knee pain is caused by the patella not moving well in the intercondyler groove

MOI usually weight bearing during trauma i.e. slip and fall, or external force

sx = Joint Line Tenderness

Which ligament of the knee,

o Resists anterior translation of the tibia relative to a fixed femur (open chain)
o Resists posterior translation of the femur relative to a fixed tibia (closed chain)
o Resist valgus and varus deformations and excessive horizontal plane rotations

Mech of injury
Hyper extension

Large valgus or varus producing force with a planted foot

Either of the above combined with torsion

function of the meniscus

When the knee is flexed at 120 degrees and the patella is liding distally, where on the patella is the femur making contact

- palpable bony projections on the medial and lateral femoral condyles. Respectively these serve as the attachments for the MCL and LCL

the large rounded projections of the distal femur that articulate with the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia

Which ligament of the knee,

o Resists posterior translation of the tibia relative to a fixed femur (open chain)
o Resists anterior translation of the of the femur relative to a fixed tibia (closed chain)
o Resist extremes of knee flexion
o Resist valgus or varus deformations and excessive horizontal plane rotations

Mech of injury
-Hyperflexion
-Dashboard injuries
-Sever hyperextension
-Large valgus or varus producing force with a planted foot
-Any of the above combined with torsion

- the smooth rounded area between the femoral condyles that articulates with the posterior surface of the patella.

Compared to the 2 non-weight-bearing exercises, the squat exercise produced significantly higher PFJ stress at ____, _____, and ____ of knee flexion.

as you extend the knee, patellar femoral joint compression increase during which type of movement

greater compression of the patellar femoral joint during knee flexion on decent ( increased flexion= increase pressure) occurs during which type of movement?

What are the osteokinematic motions of the tibiofemoral (KNEE) joint?

Describe the vascularity of the meniscus

_____________ ______ __________ ____________ are crescent shaped fibro cartilaginous discs located at the top of the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia.

-Improve overall congruency of the tibiofemoral joint
-Dissipate compression and shear forces across the knee

Injury caused by

Extreme valgus or varus producing forces at the knee
Extreme rotations of the knee especially under large compression forces

-Resist excessive knee extension

Injury caused by severe hyper extension

Which ligament of the knee,

Resist varus deformation of the knee
Resist excessive knee extension

Injury caused by;
Varus producing force with foot planted
-Sever hyperextension

Which ligament of the knee,
Resist valgus deformation of the knee
Resist excessive knee extension

Injury caused by;
Valgus producing force

Conversely, the 2 non-weight-bearing exercises produced significantly higher PFJ stress at ____, _____, and _____ of knee flexion when compared to the squat exercise

Which ligament of the knee,

o Resists anterior translation of the tibia relative to a fixed femur (open chain)
o Resists posterior translation of the femur relative to a fixed tibia (closed chain)
o Resist valgus and varus deformations and excessive horizontal plane rotations

Mech of injury
Hyper extension

Large valgus or varus producing force with a planted foot

Either of the above combined with torsion

• While a lateral angle greater than 175° is called genu varum or the term genu ____________ is to say that the shaft of the tibia is positioned (tilts) medially towards midline, making the knees bow apart

A lateral angle of less than 175° is called excessive genu____________. Or to say that the shaft of the tibia is positioned (tilts) laterally away from midline, making the knees knock together.

• During normal patellar femoral joint motion the Patella glides _____________ as knee is extended

• During normal patellar femoral joint motion the Patella glides___________ as the knee is flexed

• Function of the patellar

-protrusion of bone located on the anterior aspect of the proximal tibia, serves as an attachment for the quad muscle.

• Intercondylar eminence

smooth and shallow for articulation with the condyles of the femur

Intercondylar Notch

Proximal joint surface of the hip is the ?

Distal joint surface of the hip is the _______ ________

Axis of motion of the hip joint is the is the ______ _______

the hip joint is enclosed anteriorly by __________ and the _________ ligaments

the hip is Enclosed posteriorly by __________ ligaments

capsular pattern of the hip follows what motions?

what are the 3 degrees of freedom at the hip?

Can occur anywhere in the labrum but __________ / _______ most common tear

a labral tear can be Accompanied by clicking, slipping
Often due to repetitive twisting, cutting, and pivoting movements in addition to repetitive ______ at the hip

a labral tear can be associated with Pain with Flexion/Adduction and with axial loading
Often associated with _____ __________

avascular necrosis

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis(SCFE)

antiversion/retroversion