Chapter 30: Seed Plants Flashcards

Which part of a plant attracts pollinators?

Petals

Carpel

Stamen

Sepal

Which process involves the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma?

Fertilization

Gametogenesis

Pollination

Germination

True or false? The endosperm in a seed develops into the embryo.

Which term describes the male gametophytes of flowering plants?

Megaspores

Pollen grains

Micropyle

Microsporocytes

Which structure formed by the male gametophyte allows sperm to reach the ovary of a flowering plant?

Pollen tube

Stigma

Anther

Micropyle

How is fertilization in flowering plants different from fertilization in other plant groups?

Two sperm nuclei fuse with a polar nucleus to form a diploid zygote.

One sperm nucleus fuses with the egg to form a diploid zygote.

One sperm nucleus fuses with the egg to form a diploid zygote, whereas the other sperm nucleus fuses with a polar nucleus to form a diploid cell that forms a nutrient-rich tissue.

One sperm nucleus fuses with the egg to form a diploid zygote, whereas the other sperm nucleus fuses with two polar nuclei to form a cell that develops into endosperm.

Which of the following statements about seed formation in a flowering plant is true?

The basal cell formed from mitosis of the zygote divides to form a globular mass that is the route for nutrient transfer to the developing embryo.

The terminal cell formed from mitosis of the zygote divides to form a row of single cells that eventually forms the embryo.

Hypocotyls are the seed leaves of the embryonic plant.

The swellings that develop into cotyledons are located at the end of the embryo on top of the row of single cells.

When you look at a pine or maple tree, the plant you see is a _____.

diploid gametophyte

triploid endosperm

haploid gametophyte

haploid sporophyte

diploid sporophyte

All seed plants _____.

exhibit a dominant gametophyte generation

produce antheridia and archegonia on the same gametophyte

produce flowers

are nonvascular

are heterosporous

In addition to seeds, which of the following characteristics is unique to the seed-producing plants?

pollen

megaphylls

use of air currents as a dispersal agent

sporopollenin

lignin present in cell walls

The following question refers to the generalized life cycle for land plants shown in the figure. Each number within a circle or square represents a specific plant or plant part, and each number over an arrow represents either meiosis, mitosis, or fertilization.


Meiosis is most likely to be represented by which number(s) in the figure?

2 and 8

4 and 8

2

4

10 and 12

The following question refers to the generalized life cycle for land plants shown in the figure. Each number within a circle or square represents a specific plant or plant part, and each number over an arrow represents either meiosis, mitosis, or fertilization.


In the figure, the process labeled "6" involves

fertilization.

mitosis.

binary fission.

meiosis.

nuclear fission.

Which of the following statements correctly describes a portion of the pine life cycle?

Female gametophytes use mitosis to produce eggs.

Seeds are produced in pollen-producing cones.

A pollen tube slowly digests its way through the triploid endosperm.

Pollen grains contain female gametophytes.

Within a gymnosperm megasporangium, what is the correct sequence in which the following should appear during development, assuming that fertilization occurs?

1. sporophyte embryo
2. female gametophyte
3. egg cell
4. megaspore

Arrange the following structures, which can be found on male pine trees, from the largest structure to the smallest structure (or from most inclusive to least inclusive).
1. sporophyte
2. microspores
3. microsporangia
4. pollen cone
5. pollen nuclei

Reptilian embryos are protected from desiccation by a leathery shell. Similarly, which pair of structures protects seed plants' embryos and male gametophytes, respectively, from desiccation?

integuments–sporopollenin

ovaries–filaments

ovules–waxy cuticle

fruits–stamens

pollen grains–waxy cuticle

Which of the following sex and generation combinations most directly produces the pollen tube?

female gametophyte

male sporophyte

male gametophyte

female sporophyte

Which of the following sex and generation combinations most directly produces the fruit?

male gametophyte

male sporophyte

female gametophyte

female sporophyte

Ovules are found within structure _____.

A

B

C

D

E

Which of these is unique to flowering plants?

haploid gametophytes

an embryo surrounded by nutritive tissue

pollen production

double fertilization

a dominant sporophyte generation

The male gametophytes of flowering plants are also referred to as _____.

endosperm

male sporophytes

pollen grains

embryo sacs

megaspores

In flowering plants the integuments of the ovule develop into a(n) _____.

cotyledon

sporophyte

fruit

seed coat

endosperm

A carpel is composed of _____.

ovule, megasporocyte, and anther

ovary, ovule, and anther

stigma, style, and ovary

zygote, anther, and endosperm

petal, sepal, and stamen

A stamen consists of _____.

anther and filament

stigma and anther

ovary and sepal

stigma and filament

stigma and style

In angiosperms, pollination is the transfer of pollen grain to the _____ of a flower on the same plant or another plant of the same species.

ovary

stigma

style

ovulate cone

anther

Angiosperms are different from all other plants because only they have _____.

flowers

a sporophyte phase

a life cycle that involves alternation of generations

a vascular system

seeds

Unlike most angiosperms, grasses are pollinated by wind. As a consequence, some unnecessary parts of grass flowers have almost disappeared. Which of the following parts would you expect to be most reduced in a grass flower?

petals

stamens

anthers

ovaries

carpels

The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can grow to over 50 meters tall, is a source of high-quality lumber, and is a favorite nesting site for harpy eagles. As the rainy season ends, tough-walled fruits, each containing 8-25 seeds (Brazil nuts), fall to the forest floor. Brazil nuts are composed primarily of endosperm. About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each year. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow flowers of Brazil nut trees cannot fertilize themselves and admit only female orchid bees as pollinators. The agouti (Dasyprocta spp.), a cat-sized rodent, is the only animal with teeth strong enough to crack the hard wall of Brazil nut fruits. It typically eats some of the seeds, buries others, and leaves still others inside the fruit, which moisture can now enter. The uneaten seeds may subsequently germinate.

If a female orchid bee has just left a Brazil nut tree with nectar in her stomach, and if she visits another flower on a different Brazil nut tree, what is the sequence in which the following events should occur?
1. double fertilization
2. pollen tube emerges from pollen grain
3. pollen tube enters micropyle
4. pollination

Which of the following sex and generation combinations directly produces the pollen tube of angiosperms?

female gametophyte

male sporophyte

male gametophyte

female sporophyte

In gymnosperms megaspores develop into _____ .

male gametophytes

female gametophytes

ovulate cones

female sporophytes

pollen grains

Which of the following directly produces the fruit of angiosperms?

pollen tube

male gametophyte

female gametophyte

ovary

Human survival literally depends on the produce of _____.

gymnosperms

angiosperms

cycads

ginkgoes

gnetophytes

The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can grow to over 50 meters tall, is a source of high-quality lumber, and is a favorite nesting site for harpy eagles. As the rainy season ends, tough-walled fruits, each containing 8-25 seeds (Brazil nuts), fall to the forest floor. Brazil nuts are composed primarily of endosperm. About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each year. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow flowers of Brazil nut trees cannot fertilize themselves and admit only female orchid bees as pollinators. The agouti (Dasyprocta spp.), a cat-sized rodent, is the only animal with teeth strong enough to crack the hard wall of Brazil nut fruits. It typically eats some of the seeds, buries others, and leaves still others inside the fruit, which moisture can now enter. The uneaten seeds may subsequently germinate.

Native peoples traditionally use Brazil nuts to treat stomach ache, inflammation, hypersensitivity, and hepatitis. Consequently, a scientist should be interested in promoting _____.

clear-cutting forests containing Brazil nut trees to make way for crops with proven medical benefits

better education for the native peoples so that they will overcome their old ways

an increase in the living standards of the native peoples so that they might be able to purchase modern pharmaceuticals

the evaluation of Brazil nut chemicals for use as potential drugs