Makukutu Review 2 Flashcards

Which of the following reagents reacts with crystal violet as the mordant?

In a cell that has a diploid number of 8 chromosomes, how many chromatids will be present at the beginning of mitosis?

The metabolic processes called fermentation

A unique feature of cytokinesis in algae is

a microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Esherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

The step involving ATP, hexokinase and the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate is

Classification of viruses includes

which of the following is an indirect method for estimating the number of microbes in a sample?

the property of organisms to integrate catabolic and anabolic pathways to improve cell efficiency is called

which body system is mainly affected by Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?

the shape of a virion is a function of the ____ of the virus.

A single celled eukaryote that is both photosynthetic and a chemoheterotroph is an

The even that occurs in bacteriophage multiplication that does not occur in animal virus replication is

Observing and characterizing colonial growth for size, shape, edge, elevation, color, odor, and texture is part of

Bacteria described as "Low G + C"

Which of the following events occurs in the lytic cycle of bacteriophage T4 infection but NOT in the lysogenic cycle?

The outermost layer of a virion fulfills which of the following functions of the virus?

Which of the following is not true of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Identify the processes of glucose metabolism represented in figure 5-1

Which of the following explains why honey can be stored at room temperature for years without spoiling?

A flexible, spiral-shaped bacterium is called a

A cell that uses an organic carbon source and obtains energy from light would be called a

The viruses of fungi have RNA genomes and lack a capsid. They are therefore similar to

Each of the following are electron carriers except

Which of the following are not photosynthetic pigments?

Eukaryotic sexual reproduction requires the process known as

Mixed acid fermentation

When a virus enters a lysogenic phase, it means

The correct sequence for the phases indicated by the letters A, B, C, and D is

Which of the following quantification techniques can distinguish living cells from dead cells in a culture?

Which of the following is an approach to preventing the formation of biofilms?

Which of the following is present in cells only during virus infection?

Which of the following processes utilize inorganic phosphate?

A soil sample dilution spread on a plate containing carbohydrate-based medium yields a wide variety of colonies. One colony has no other bacterial colonies growing near it.Further investigation reveals the bacteria in the colony are Gram-positive and filamentous. The bacteria in the colony may be a member of the genus

The process known as ____ is a mechanism of release for enveloped viruses

Virus replication results in the death of the cell in ___ infections

Organisms that can grow with or without oxygen present are

A Petroff-Hauser counting chamber is a

When glucose is broken down by glycolysis during bacterial fermentation, what is the net production of ATP?

Students in a microbiology lab are provided plates of medium to use in their bacterial culturing. The growth of organisms that can metabolize mannose sugar will result in the agar turning yellow, while the agar color remains unchanged if the mannose is not metabolized. The plates contain a ___ medium.

What feature of mycobacteria is responsible for the unusually slow growth of these bacteria?

A plasmodium is a coenocytic structure associated with

The best method for preserving bacterial cells in storage for decades is

Diploid cell cultures and continuous cell cultures differ in which of the following ways?

Creating conditions in the laboratory that promote the growth of some microbes while inhibiting the growth of others is called

Microaerophiles are microbes that grow best at low

Microbial growth rates are controlled in a chemostat by

The enzyme lysozyme is critical for which of the stages of a bacteriophage T4 infection cycle?

A laboratory protocol lists the following ingredients: 1 g sucrose, 16.4 g Na2HPO4, 1.5 g (NH4)3PO4, 0.02 g CaCO3, KNO3, water to 1 liter and autoclave. This recipe is for a

A single-celled eukaryote with two nuclei and cilia are classified as

In which stage of aerobic respiration is water produced?

Rocky Mountain spotted fever is caused by Gram-negative tiny bacilli that are intracellular parasites. They are in the genus

Phototrophic bacteria that use chlorophyll a are in the phylum

A fastidious organism might be grown on which of the following types of media?

A microorganism found living under conditions of high ____ is a barophile.

When conditions become inhospitable, members of the genus Clostridium produce an internal durable, dormant form by the process of

Which of the following membranes can give rise to a viral envelope?

In bacterial cells, the electron transport system is located in the

A 100 ul sample containing 1000 bacterial cells/ ul in log phase growth is added to 9.9 ml of fresh culture medium broth. Assuming no nutrients are limited supply, and a generation time of 30 minutes, how many bacteria will be present in the entire broth culture after six hours?

What is one of the most difficult aspects of studying animal viruses?

The Gram-positive coccus _____ grows in irregular clusters, and is frequently found in the human nasal cavity. When it invades other parts of the body it can cause serious disease.

Termites are dependent on protozoa of the genus

Which of the following is not true of anaerobic respiration?

Prions cause disease in

Changes in temperature or pH can cause enzymes to lose activity. What is a common feature of these two effects?

The arrow indicates the only protein component of this complex. This illustration represents a(n)

Which of the following agents is capable of inducing conversation of a prophage to the lytic cycle?

Single-celled algae that are major producers of oxygen and whose silica cell walls are useful in a variety of products for humans are the

Pleomorphic bacteria

Oncogenic viruses include all the following except

The "giant" bacterium Epulopiscium reproduces by means of

During ___, viral synthesis is suspended.

Members of the genus Chamydia are

The majority of reduced NAD is produced in

Each NADH that enters the electron transport system gives rise to ___ ATP.

The Six I's of studying microorganisms include all of the following except

Which virus is CORRECTLY matched with its method of entry?

The reactions of fermentation function to produce _____ molecules for use in glycolysis.

Prokaryotes of the genus Pyrodictium are

What bacterial structure is responsible for separating the daughter DNA molecules after replication?

FAD, NADP, NAD, and coenzyme A are all ____ carriers.

In bacterial cells, when glucose is completely oxidized by all the pathways of aerobic cellular respiration, what is the maximum number of ATP generated?

Which of the following products of glucose catabolism is a substrate for fatty acid synthesis?

Fungi called Deuteromycetes are not known to reproduce sexually. Nonetheless, most of them are considered members of the ____ on the basis of genetic sequences.

The Gram-negative diplococci ____ are pathogenic members of the betaproteobacteria that infect mammalian mucous membranes.

Joan wants to discover a microbe capable of degrading an environmental contaminant. Which of the following is the process she should use?

Low G + C bacilli in the genus _____ are beneficial to humans as probiotics.

Which of the following is a protozoan with two nuclei and no mitochondria?

An oxidase detection test can be used to identify certain bacteria because they lack

The production of NADH takes place during the _____ stage(s) of glycolysis.

Some human viruses are difficult to study because

Non-motile members of the Alveolata are

Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated out on the incubator shelf, in an anaerobic jar and in a candle jar. After incubation there was moderate growth of cultures in the candle and anaerobic jars, but heavy growth of the culture on the incubator shelf. This species is a/an

In aerobic non-photosynthetic organisms, the majority of ATP is generated by

Which of the following statements regarding meiosis is MOST accurate?

Pleomorphic Gram-negative members of the Firmicules that colonize mammalian respiratory mucous membranes are the

Classification of bacteria into different phyla is based on comparisons involving which of the following?

Zones of clearing in cell cultures that are the result of virus infection are called plaques. Sometimes "cloudy plaques" are seen on bacterial cultures infected with bacteriophage. What type of viral infection might cause this appearance?

During the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from pyruvic acid, ____ is produced.

In what way do algae differ from plants?

Many metabolites for anabolic pathways are produced by the _____ pathway.

When cells are metabolically active but not dividing, they are in the ____ phase.

Each FADH2 from the Krebs cycle enters the electron transport system and gives rise to ___ ATP's.

Recombination of genetic material between homologous chromosomes occurs during

Chemical reactions that are reversible, proceeding anabolically or catabolically, are called

Host specificity of a virus is due to

How are fungal viruses different from viruses that infect other organisms?

When mitosis occurs without cytokinesis, which of the following is produced?

Replication of the DNA occurs during

Bacterial binary fission results in _____ growth

The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell during

In contrast to most dsDNA animal viruses, the poxviruses replicate solely in the cytoplasm of the host cell. This fact implies that the viral genome may encode

Glycolysis

A material useful in microbiological media is derived from

The envelope portion of an enveloped virus is composed of

A pure culture contains only

During which of the phases of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP formed?

The Gram-positive obligate anaerobe ____ causes a severe diarrhea.

Which of the following is not involved in the step that occurs between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?

Halophiles are found living in high _____ conditions.

The anaerobic Clostridium species are troublesome pathogens in part because of their capacity for

Which of the following is TRUE concerning the structure and function of enzymes?

A species of the genus Streptococcus is the leading cause of

During which growth phase do antimicrobial drugs have the greatest inhibitory effect?

What is the major product of the Calvin-Benson cycle that can then be used to form glucose?

How will E. coli appear if the mordant is not applied?

Protozoa that have a single large mitochondrion and are found living in animals are

Which of the following types of animal virus requires RNA-dependent RNA transcriptase to be replicated?

How many ATP molecules can theoretically be produced from the NADH generated by the catabolism of a molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration?

Plaque assays are used for

The redox carriers of the electron transport chain that have a tightly bound metal atom responsible for accepting and donating electrons are

Sodium thioglycollate is found in which of the following types of media?

Infection with ____ is likely to result in destruction of the host cell by lysis.

Gram-negative nitrogen-fixing bacteria found in association with plant roots are

How is the HIV provirus different from a lambda-phage prophage?

Sister chromatids separate during _____ of meiosis

Fermentation

The psychrophilic Gram-positive bacillus ____ can become an intracellular parasite of white blood cells

Which of the following is involved in the attachment of a bacteriophage to a bacterial cell?

The principle sites of amphibolic interaction occur during

An epidemiologist is investigating a new disease and observes what appear to be bacteria inside tissue cells in clinical samples from victims. The scientist wants to try to isolate the bacteria in the lab. What culture conditions are most likely to be successful?

High G + C Gram-positive filamentous bacteria of the genus _____ are capable of metabolizing a diverse range of environmental contaminants.

Which of the following is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

The genus Mycobacterium includes species responsible for

The genome of which of the following types of animal virus can act directly as mRNA?

The method of obtaining isolated cultures that utilizes surface area to physically dilute specimens is

What is the correct order for the stages of a lytic replication cycle, from earliest to latest stages?

Protozoa that move by means of lobe-like pseudopods and lack shells are classified as

A ____ is a mass of neoplastic cells

A microbiologist inoculates a growth medium with 100 bacterial cells/ml. If the generation time of the species is 1 hour, and there is no lag phase, how long will it be before the culture contains more than 10,000 cells/ml?

Retrovirus require the activity of ______ to complete their infection cycle.

Which of the following may occur in a lysogenic infection, but NOT a latent one?

Asexual reproduction within a hypha produces

Cocci which divide along alternating planes may stick together to form

Multicellular organisms with hard exoskeletons, segmented bodies and four pairs of jointed legs in the adult stage are

The development of a cancerous cell is said to require "multiple hits" This means

The arrangement represented in the figure is typical of which of the following genera of bacteria?

Which of the following statements regarding virus taxomony is TRUE?

Which of the following is associated with meiosis but NOT with mitosis?

Naked capsid animal viruses gain entry to host cells by

In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell's ____, while most RNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _____.

MacConkey agar plates represent _____ medium.

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex organic substances are called

All of the following is correct about treating viral diseases except

Which of the following is a cell type produced during sexual reproduction in fungi?

Mycloplasmas are pleomorphic because they

Which of the following oxidizing agents is sometimes produced during aerobic respiration?

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of

All of the following pertain to glycolysis except

Gram-negative facultative anaerobes that metabolize carbohydrates via glycolysis are members of

The ____ is the entire interwoven mass of one multicellular fungal organism.

Simple eukaryotes that carry out oxygenic photosynthesis and reproduce by means of alternation of generations are known as

A ____ is a virus that infects bacterial cells

The current taxonomy of the bacteria as described in Bergey's Manual of Systemic Bacteriology

In reactions catalyzed by oxidoreductases an electron donor is

Which of the following characteristics distinguishes that archaea from the bacteria?

Which of the following is an accurate description of a virion?

The formation of citric acid from oxaloacetic acid and an acetyl group begins

The conversion of amino acids to carbohydrates is an example of

Hydrolases are generally involved in ______ reactions

Small circular RNA molecules without capsids are characteristic of

All of the following are examples of basic dyes except

The process of metastasis results from

One mechanism by which viruses may cause cancer is to interrupt the genetic regulatory sequences of repressor proteins. Which of the following types of viruses is most likely to be involved in causing cancer by this mechanism?

An aligned pair of homologous chromosomes is called a

All of the following are ways in which cells regulate metabolism EXCEPT

A change in one partner in a close relationship that leads to a change in the other partner is

Which of the following types of microbes might be found in a boiling hot spring?

Which of the following is a feature shared by viruses and living organisms?

Why is lysogeny advantageous to a bacteriophage?

Multiple mitoses followed by a single cytokinetic event is known as

How are prions different from all other known infectious agents?

Which type of media can be used to determine if a bacteria is motile?

Which process is represented by this figure?

Single-celled eukaryotes lacking a cell wall are

In the cell, energy released by electrons is often used to phosphorylate

A cell is infected with a virus carrying an oncogene sequence in its genome. What process may occur if the oncogene is expressed in the infected cell?

Aerobic free-living Gram-negative bacilli in the phylum Proteobacteria that are capable of metabolizing a wide range of organic compounds are members of the genus

Mites are responsible for the spread of

Cultures of bacterial species were incubated on the shelf of a refrigerator, out on a lab bench top, on the shelf of 37 degrees celsius, and 50 degrees celcius, slight growth out on the bench top and abundant growth at refrigeration. What term could be used for this species?