Activity 5: Examining the Human Torso Model Flashcards

sense organs, epidermal and dermal regions

1. bones

2. cartilages

3. tendons

4. ligaments

5. joints

muscles

1. brain

2. spinal cord

3. nerves

4. sensory receptors

1. pituitary

2. thymus

3. thyroid

4. parathyroid

5. adrenal

6. pineal

7. ovaries

8. testes

9. pancreas

1. heart

2. blood vessels

3. blood

1. lymphatic vessels

2. lymph nodes

3. spleen

4. thymus

5. tonsils

6. lymphoid tissues

1. nasal passages

2. pharynx

3. larynx

4. trachea

5. bronchi

6. lungs

1. oral cavity

2. esophagus

3. stomach

4. small intestines

5. large intestines

6. accessory structures in the teeth

7. salivary glands

8. liver

9. pancreas

1. kidneys

2. ureters

3. bladder

4. urethra

1. testes

2. prostate

3. scrotum

4. penis

5. duct system (carrying sperm to the body exterior)

1. ovaries

2. uterine tubes

3. uterus

4. mammary glands

5. vagina

1. protects deeper organs from injury and dessication

2. excretes salts and urea

3. regulates body temperature

4. produces vitamin D

1. supports the body and protects internal organs

2. provides lever for muscular action

3. cavities provide a site for blood cell formation

4. stores minerals (i.e. calcium)

1. primary function is to contract or shorten, allowing for locomotion and use of limbs

2. generates heat

1. detects changes in internal and external environment

2. maintains homeostasis of the body via neuronal communication

1. maintains homeostasis

2. promotes growth

3. produces hormones

1. Oxygen

2. Carbon dioxide

3. Wastes

4. Nutrients

5. Antibodies

6. Protein molecules

1. picks up leaked fluid from the blood vessels and returns it to the blood

2. cleanses blood of pathogens and other debris

3. houses lymphocytes that start the immune response

1. keeps the blood supplied with oxygen and simultaneously removing carbon dioxide

2. contributes to acid-base balance of the blood

1. breaks down foods into smaller particles

2. excretes undigested foods as feces

1. rids the body of nitrogen-containing wastes

2. maintains water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood

1. provides sperm

1. provides eggs

2. houses the developing fetus until birth

3. mammary glands provide nutrition for infant

1. endocrine

2. cardiovascular

3. nervous

4. respiratory

5. cardiovascular

6. respiratory

7. digestive

8. digestive

9. cardiovascular

10. cardiovascular

11. urinary

12. digestive

13. digestive

14. respiratory

15. digestive

16. digestive

17. digestive

18. nervous

19. lymphatic

20. digestive

21. endocrine

22. respiratory

23. urinary

24. urinary

Secretes two excitatory hormones in the fight or flight response: norepinephrine and epinephrine.

Transfers oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the descending aorta.

1. Complex neural functions (i.e. intelligence, memory, sensory-motor integration)

2. Life-sustaining activities

3. Maintains internal environment

4. Innerves the head

1. Connects the trachea to the alveoli sacs.

2. Warms and moistens air.

Transfers oxygenated blood originally from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body.

1. Separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity.

2. Prime mover of inspiration by flattening on contraction.

Moves food bolus to the stomach through peristaltic waves.

1. Connects the stomach to the posterior abdominal wall.

2. Limits the spread of infection in the peritoneal cavity.

1. Right side pumps deoxygenated, CO2-rich blood through the pulmonary circuit.

2. Left side pumps oxygenated, CO2-poor blood through the systemic circuit.

Returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart from all regions inferior to the diaphragm.

1. Filters toxins, metabolic wastes, excess water, excess ions, and nitrogen wastes out of the body through urine.

2. Returns needed substances from the filtrate to the blood.

1. Absorb water and electrolytes from digested food.

2. Moves undigested food to the rectum through mass peristaltic movements.

1. Produces bile to break up fatty foods.

2. Stores glucose as glycogen.

3. Processes fats and amino acids.

4. Stores certain vitamins.

5. Detoxifies many poisons and toxins in the blood.

6. Makes the blood proteins.

Oxygenate the blood and remove carbon dioxide at the alveoli sites.

1. Secrete glucagon to signal the liver to release glucose when blood glucose levels are low.

2. Secretes insulin to signal most cells and liver cells to store glucose as glycogen when blood glucose levels are high.

Connects to the sigmoid colon and generates muscle contractions for defecation.

1. Enzymatic digestion.

2. Absorption of most nutrients.

3. Moves undigested food to the large intestine through peristalsis.

1. Sensory and motor innervation of the entire body inferior to the head.

2. Provides a two-way conduction pathway for signals between the body and brain.

3. Major control center for reflexes.

1. Removal of bloodborne antigens.

2. Destruction of old or defective blood cells.

3. Hematopoiesis of the fetus.

4. Stores blood platelets.

1. Churns food into chyme.

2. Secretes pepsin to break food proteins.

3. Absorbs water, electrolytes, and some drugs (like aspirin and alcohol).

1. Secretes thyroid hormone to increase the basal metabolic rate (i.e. transforming nutrients to energy).

2. Secretes calcitonin to lower high blood calcium levels by slowing calcium-releasing activities of bone osteoclasts and increasing calcium secretion of the kidneys.

Transfers air from the larynx to the bronchi.

Transfers urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder through peristaltic waves.

1. Stores urine.

2. Expels urine.