Human Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory Manual, Cat Version: Articulations and Body Movements Flashcards

1. Hold bones together

2. Allow rigid skeletal system some flexibility so gross body movements can occur

What type of tissue is present in the joint cavity? 3 types: fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

How much movement is allowed by joint? 3 types: synarthroses (immovable), amphiarthroses (slightly movable), diarthroses (freely movable)

Made of dense regular connective tissue and no joint cavity. Joints are either synarthrotic or amphiarthrotic.

Examples: Suture (short fibers, located in skull), Gumphosis (periodontal ligament, tooth in bony socket)

Adjoining bones united by cartilage with no joint cavity. Joints are either synarthrotic or amphiarthrotic.

Examples: Intervertebral discs, Pubic symphysis (fibrocartilage)

Most common type of joint in body; joints are freely movable. Remember, slick as snot

Several defining structural characteristics:

a. Joint cavity (filled with synovial fluid)

b. Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage covering ends of bones forming joint)

c. Articular capsule (two layers enclosing joint cavity. Fibrous layer (dense irregular connective tissue) and inner layer (synovial membrane))

d. Synovial fluid (viscous fluid acting as lubricant)

e. Reinforcing ligaments

f. Nerves and blood vessels (sensory nerve fibers to detect pain and joint stretching, blood vessels supply synovial membrane)

g. Articular discs

h. Bursa and tendon sheath

Examples: Elbow joint, shoulder joint, hip joint, etc

non-axial (gliding); between flat or slightly curved bones

examples: intertarsal, intercarpal joints

Uniaxial (flexion and extension); a rounded or cylindrical bone fits into a concave surface on the other bone

examples: elbow, interphalangeal joints, knee

Uniaxial (rotation); A rounded bone fits into a sleeve (a concave bone plus a ligament)

examples: proximal radioulnar, atlantoaxial joint

Biaxial (flexion, extension, adduction, abduction); An oval condyle fits into an oval depression on the other bone

examples: metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) and radiocarpal joints; metacarpal/carpal joints

Biaxial (flexion, extension, adduction, abduction); Articulating surfaces are saddle shaped; one surface is concave, the other is convex

examples: carpometacarpal joint of the thumb (this is mostly where this joint is)

Multiaxial (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation); the ball-shaped head of one bone fits into the cuplike depression of the other bone

examples: shoulder, hip joints

stationary, immovable, or less movable attachment of muscle to bone; anchor for part of body that moves

More movable attachment site of muscle to bone; part of body that moves

Movement (usually in sagittal plane) that decreases the angle of the joint and reduces the distance between two bones (example bending knee or elbow)

Movement that increases the angle of the joint and the distance between two bones or parts of body; opposite of flexion.

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body, along the frontal plan, or the fanning movement of fingers or toes when they are spread apart. REMEMBER: Children are abducted from their parents...they are taken away

Movement of a limb towards the midline of the body or drawing the fingers or toes together; opposite of abduction.

Movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis without lateral or medial displacement. Also describes movement of atlas around dens of axis.

A combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction commonly observed in ball and socket joints like the shoulder. The limb as a whole outlines a cone.

Movement of the palm of the hand from an anterior or upward-facing position to a posterior or downward facing position. The distal end of radius rotates over the ulna.

Movement of the palm from a posterior position to an anterior position. Radius and ulna are parallel.

Movement of ankle joint that lifts foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin

Movement of ankle joint in which foot flexes downward as if standing on one's toes or pointing the toes

Movement that turns sole of the foot medially

Movement that turns sole of foot laterally

ligament in hip running from the fovea capitis on the femur head to the acetabulum, also called ligament of the head of the femur

patellar, medial, lateral patellar (merged with articular capsule)

fibular and tibial collateral ligaments (prevent rotation during extension)

oblique popliteal and arcuate popliteal ligaments (reinforce knee)

posterior and anterior cruciate ligaments (intracapsular and prevent overflexion and hyperextension)

Shoulder joint