Which of the following are primary lymphoid organs?
lymph nodes and tonsils
bone marrow and thymus
appendix and spleen
spleen and thymus
bone marrow and thymus
Which of the following areas in a secondary lymphoid organ allows intimate contact between blood and the lymphocytes?
germinal centers of the lymph nodes
white pulp of the spleen
red pulp of the spleen
Hassall’s corpuscles of the thymus
white pulp of the spleen
Where in the lymph node do the T cells first encounter antigens presented by dendritic cells?
medullary cords in the medulla
lymphoid follicles of the outer cortex
germinal centers of the cortex
deep in the cortex
deep in the cortex
Collections of lymphoid tissues, called MALT, are strategically placed throughout the respiratory, digestive, and genitourinary systems. Which one of these is located at the end of the small intestine?
Peyer’s patches
appendix
tonsils
Peyer’s patches
There is a decrease in our ability to fight infection as we age. Which lymphoid organ may have a role in this decline? spleen
thymus
lymph nodes
thymus
Besides lymph nodes, where would you expect to find proliferating (dividing) B cells?
in the brain
in the thyroid
in the skin
in the spleen
in the spleen
Which of the following mechanisms is NOT used to propel lymph through lymphatic vessels?
small heart-like pumps
gravity
the milking action of muscles
pulmonary motion
small heart-like pumps
Adjacent cells in lymphatic capillaries overlap each other loosely. What is the unique structural modification that increases their permeability?
lacteals
minivalves
fibroblasts
trabeculae
minivalves
Which of the following promotes closure of the minivalves associated with lymph capillaries?
increasing pressure in the interstitial space
anchoring of endothelial cells to adjacent structures by collagen fibers
increasing pressure inside the lymph capillary
inflammation of tissues surrounding lymphatic capillaries
increasing pressure inside the lymph capillary
Lymph from what regions of the body is drained into the right lymphatic duct?
the left upper limb, the left side of the head and thorax, and both lower limbs
the right upper limb, the right side of the head, and the thorax
the right upper limb, the right side of the head and thorax, and the right lower limb
the digestive organs and lower limbs
the right upper limb, the right side of the head, and the thorax
What is the name of the enlarged sac to which the lumbar trunks and the intestinal trunk return lymph?
cisterna chyli
thoracic duct
lacteals
right lymphatic duct
cisterna chyli
Where are the three large clusters of superficial lymph nodes?
the cervical, acromial, and mammary regions
the axillary, brachial, and subclavian regions
the lumbar, inguinal, and femoral regions
the cervical, inguinal, and axillary regions
the cervical, inguinal, and axillary regions
Once collected, lymph ultimately drains into __________.
lymph nodes
arterial circulation
venous circulation
the liver for detoxification
venous circulation
Which statement describes the origin of lymph fluid?
Lymph is collected from atrial to venous anastomoses.
Lymph is secreted into the lymph vessels.
Lymph is collected from fluid that accumulates in veins as blood slowly circulates back toward the heart.
Lymph is excess fluid formed from plasma that accumulates in the tissues as interstitial fluid.
Lymph is excess fluid formed from plasma that accumulates in the tissues as interstitial fluid.
Art-based Question
Which lymphoid organ extracts aged and defective blood cells and platelets from the blood in addition to storing some of the breakdown products for later reuse?
A
B
C
D
C
Which lymph cells produce antibodies?
dendritic cells
macrophages
plasma cells
reticular cells
plasma cells
What region of the lymph node contains follicles filled with dividing B cells?
hilus
cortex
subcapsular sinus
medulla
cortex
Which of the following is a role of lymph nodes?
They produce red blood cells.
They return lymph to circulation.
They filter lymph.
They produce lymph.
They filter lymph.
Which part of the spleen is the site of immune function?
splenic sinusoids
red pulp
white pulp
splenic cords
white pulp
After surgical removal of the spleen (i.e., a splenectomy), some other organs take over most of its functions. Which of the following spleen functions in the adult can not be performed by bone marrow?
immune surveillance
erythropoiesis
removal of aged and damaged red blood cells from the blood
storage of platelets
removal of aged and damaged red blood cells from the blood
Which of the following lymph organs is NOT matched with its function?
thymus: mature T cells
Peyer's patches: mature B cells
bone marrow: form lymphocytes
spleen: remove red blood cells
Peyer's patches: mature B cells
Peyer's patches are mucosa-associated lymph tissue located in the __________.
wall of the small intestine
spleen
wall of the colon
liver
wall of the small intestine