substance on which a catalyst works
substrate
biologic catalyst; protein in nature
enzyme
increases the rate of a chemical reaction without becoming part of the product
catalyst
provides a standard of comparison for test results
control
list 3 characteristics of enzymes
specificity
temperature specific
pH specific
the enzymes of the digestive system are classified as hydrolyses. What does this mean?
hydrolyses break down organic food molecules by adding water to the molecular bonds, thus cleaving the bonds between the subunits or monomers
organ producing salivary amylase; trypsin; lipase
salivary glands
pancreas
pancreas
site of action: salivary amylase; tyrpsin; lipase
oral cavity
small intestine
small inteetine
substrate: salivary amylase; trypsin; lipase
starch
proteins
fats
optimal pH: salivary amylase; trypsin; Lipase
6.7-7.0
8.0
7.4-8.0
end products of digestion: proteins
amino acids
end products of digestion: carbs
simple sugars
end products of digestion: fats
fatty acids and glycerol
used to test for protein hydrolysis, which was indicated by yellow color
BAPNA
used to test for starch, indicated by blue black color
Lugols iodine (IKI)
used to test for fatty acids, change from blue to pink
litmus
used to test for reducing sugars (maltost, sucrose, glucose) change to blue green or orange
benedicts solution
swallowing
degulutition
two phases of swallowing
buccal
pharyngeal-esophageal
voluntary phase of swallowing
buccal
during voluntary phase the _ is used to push food to back of throat
tongue
during swallowing the _ risies to ensure passageway is covered by epiglottis so that the ingested substances dont enter the respiratory passageways
larynx
it is possible to swallow water while standing on your head bc the water is carried along the esophagus involuntarily by the process of _
peristalsis
the pressure exerted by foodstuffs on the _ sphincter causes it to open, allowing the food to enter the stomach
gastroesophageal
the 2 major propulsive movements that occur in small intestine are _ and _
peristalsis
segmentation
one of these movements _ acts to continually mix food and increase absorption rate by moving different parts of the chyme mass over the intestinal mucosa, but has less of a role in moving foods along digestive tract
segmentation