A healthy adult male has approximately __________ liters of blood.
a)1-2
b)2-3
c)3-4
d)5-6
e)7-8
d
A major plasma protein that maintains the blood osmotic pressure is __________.
a)fibrinogen
b)albumin
c)angiotensinogen
d)globulin
e)fibrin
b
Diapedesis refers to __________.
a)the secretion of chemicals that trigger the inflammatory process
b)the movement of leukocytes from blood vessels into tissue spaces
c)the type of movement erythrocytes use in the tissue spaces
d)the chemical attraction leukocytes use to reach the site of tissue damage
e)the engulfing of foreign bodies by leukocytes
b
Granulocytes do NOT include __________.
a)basophils
b)neutrophils
c)PMNs
d)monocytes
e)eosinophils
d
Mature red blood cells in the circulating blood are filled with __________.
a)mitochondria
b)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c)lysosomes
d) hemoglobin molecules
e)nuclei and all other cellular organelles
d
Pernicious anemia may result from __________.
a)abnormal production of hemoglobin caused by genetic defect
b)the absence or depressed synthesis of globin chains
c)rupture of red blood cells caused by parasites
d)the lack of vitamin B12 in the diet or a deficiency of the intrinsic factor needed to absorb B12
e)excessive bleeding
d
The final step in clot formation is __________.
a)formation of prothrombin activator
b)fibrinogen → fibrin
c)the release of chemical by platelets
d)platelet plug formation
e)prothrombin → thrombin
b
The most numerous leukocyte is the __________.
a)lymphocyte
b)monocyte
c) basophil
d) eosinophil
e) neutrophil
e
The terms biconcave and anucleated apply to __________.
a)red blood cells
b) white blood cells
c)thrombocytes
d)leukocytes
e) platelets
a
Which leukocyte contains histamine in its granules?
a)lymphocytes
b)monocytes
c) eosinophils
d)basophils
e) neutrophils
d
Which of the following is a protective function of blood?
a)maintaining normal body temperature
b)delivering oxygen from the lungs to all body tissues
c)maintaining normal pH in the body
d)transporting hormones from endocrine organs to target tissues
e)preventing infection
e
Which of the following statements about platelets is INCORRECT?
a)Platelets contain serotonin, ADP, calcium, and PDGF.
b)Platelets are fragments of a larger cell called a megakaryocyte.
c)The life span of platelets is between 30 to 60 days.
d)Platelets are essential for the clotting process.
e)The formation of platelets is regulated by the hormone thrombopoietin
c
Which property do white blood cells have in common?
a)All WBCs are granulocytes.
b)WBCs transport oxygen.
c)All WBCs have a phagocytic function.
d)WBCs are nucleated and have a protective function.
d
Individuals with malaria have a better chance of surviving if they have which type of anemia?
a)sickle-cell anemia
b)aplastic anemia
c)iron-deficiency anemia
d)renal anemia
e)hemorrhagic anemia
a
Which of the following types of white blood cells kills parasitic worms, destroys antibody complexes, and inactivates some inflammatory chemicals of allergy?
a)neutrophils
b)basophils
c)monocytes
d)eosinophils
e)lymphocytes
d
Which of the following is a function of neutrophils?
a)seal small tears in blood vessels
b)phagocytize bacteria
c)kill parasitic worms
d)release histamine and other mediators of inflammation
e)mount immune response by direct cell attack or via antibodies
b
Which of the following is a function of erythrocytes?
a)mount immune response
b)release histamine
c)transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
d)phagocytize bacteria
e)kill parasitic worms
c
Which of the following is a function of basophils?
a)kill parasites
b)transport blood gases
c)release histamine during allergic reaction
d)mount immune response
e)phagocytize bacteria
c
Which of the following is a function of lymphocytes?
a)maintain body temperature
b)destruction of virus-containing cells
c)regulate pH
d)produce albium
e)carry oxygen
b
The percentage of total volume used to determine the number of erythrocytes in a blood sample is referred to as the __________.
a)hematocrit
b)ESR
c)reticulocyte count
d)red blood cell count
a
The buffy coat that appears after a sample of blood has been centrifuged contains __________.
a)plasma
b)serum
c)RBCs
d)WBCs
d
Which of the following factors has the greatest effect on making RBCs very efficient oxygen transporters?
a)They don't contain a nucleus.
b)They represent most of the formed elements in the blood.
c)They generate ATP by anaerobic mechanisms and do not consume any of the oxygen they carry.
d)They carry 20% of the carbon dioxide released by tissues back to the lungs.
c
Another term for reduced hemoglobin is __________.
a)oxyhemoglobin
b)carbaminohemoglobin
c)deoxyhemoglobin
d) hemoglobin S
c
Which type of anemia results from the destruction or inhibition of the red marrow by drugs, chemicals, ionizing radiation, or viruses?
a)renal anemia
b)aplastic anemia
c)pernicious anemia
d)iron-deficiency anemia
b
The process of actively metabolizing oxygen by neutrophils to produce bleach and hydrogen to kill bacteria is known as __________.
a)chemotaxis
b)the respiratory burst
c)diapedesis
d)amoeboid movement
b
Which of the following substances is responsible for limiting a platelet plug to the immediate area of damage?
a)prostacyclin
b)thromboxane A2
c)adenosine diphosphate
d)serotonin
a
Erythroblastosis fetalis is caused by __________.
a)a malfunction of the thymus during fetal development
b)a loss of blood by the fetus
c)an Rh incompatibility between an Rh-negative mother and her Rh-positive baby during pregnancy
d)an increase in the number of erythrocytes in the newborn
c
Which of the following plasma expanders would be associated with the LEAST complications?
a)human serum albumin
b)Ringer's solution
c)dextran
d)hetastarch
b
Eighty-five percent of Americans carry the __________ Rh agglutinogen on their RBCs.
a)E
b)K
c)C
d)D
d
Which antibodies would be found in the serum of a person with AB blood?
a)anti-A antibodies
b)anti-B antibodies
c)neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies
d)both anti-B and anti-A antibodies
c