Medical Microbiology review 3 Flashcards

Which of the following is not a characteristic of Okazaki fragments?

Which of the following is True concerning the structure and function of enzymes?

Honey can be stored at room temperature for long periods of time because it

Bacteria acquire new DNA from the environment in the process of

Modified corn strains that produce an insect toxin from a bacterial gene are an example of

Antiviral medications can best be described as

Alcohols are used for

Which of the following items is Not a part of the name of a restriction enzyme

Synthetic nucleic acids are useful as

Which of the following types of antimicrobial agent has the narrowest spectrum of action

Isomerases catalyze reactions in which

Which of the is found at the 5' end of a DNA strand

Which statement about quaternary ammonium compounds is CORRECT

If a cell reverses the process of beta-oxidation, which of the following molecules will it make

A codon is a particular combination of three nucleotides. Therefore, there are ______ possible combinations of the nucleotides A,C,G, and T.

If all of the following DNA fragments were analyzed on an electrophoresis gel, which one would migrate farthest from the negative electrode

Some of the strongest opposition to the application of recombinant DNA technology concerns

During ______, a new peptide bond is formed with the amino acid located in the A site

The AUG codon function in coding for the ammino acid methionine and as a

Dedication is primarily effective against

If a researcher used E. coli DNA polymerase instead of T. aquaticus DNA polymerase in the PCR procedure, what would be the result

An ancient application of biotechnology is

Which of the following would be an appropriate sequence of temperatures for PCR

The assembly of carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates occurs in the process known as

Which of the following is a target of pasteurization

DNA fingerprinting can be used

Medications which should not be prescribed for a pregnant woman include

Recombinant DNA technology can be most accurately defined as the

Disruption of the normal microbiota can result in infections caused by which of the following

Which of the following microbes has been genetically engineered to contain a protein that helps protect crops from freezing

Small circular DNA autonomously replicating molecules with several restriction sites and a " marker" to trace their location are commonly called

Synthetic antimicrobial that block protein synthesis by binding to the mRNA are

All of the following are ways in which cells regulate metabolism EXCEPT

The chemical agent known as "quats" are used for

Which of the following has been genetically modified to stop the spread of a human disease

A new antibacterial medication prevents the assembly of ribosomes on mRNA. The new medication would be

The compound ethylene oxide is used in

Most broad spectrum antibiotics act by

How does resistance to drugs spread in bacterial populations

The conversation of ammino acids to carbohydrates is an example of

DNA sequences known as transposons contain

What are the "sticky ends" produced by some restriction enzymes

Injecting DNA into cells can be accomplished using

The events of _______ are initiated at sequences called origins

The bacterial chromosome is

Which of the following would be used to sterilize a mattress

Cells must be naturally or artificially "competent" for which of the following events to occur

Which of the following is not involved in the regulation of the lac operon

Which of the following statements is true of disinfectants

Which of the following recombinant tools is NOT used in DNA fingerprinting

The E test determines which of the following

A medication that inhibits synthesis of ergosterol would be effective in treating

The DNA sequence of a portion of gene in a wild type organisms is TTACCATATTCACC, and the corresponding peptide sequence is Leu-Pro-Tyr-Ser-Pro. The corresponding gene fragment in a phenotypic variant of the organism is TTACCATTCACC and the peptide sequence is Leu-Pro-Cys-Ser-Pro. This is an example of an ________ mutation (type) resulting in a _________ mutation (effect)

In southern blotting, DNA molecules are immobilized on

Subunit vaccines are safer than traditional vaccines because they

The mechanism of action of the antibiotic vancomycin is

Which of the following is necessary to produce an "expression " library representing the active genes of an organism

Broad spectrum synthetic antimicrobial swerve discovered by

Why is bacillus stearothermophilus useful as an indicator of sterility

Seventy-percent alcohol is effective against

Alterations in the structure of which of the following are an important aspect of gram- negative bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs

Beta oxidation produces a substrate of the

Codons are recognized by

The endospore said of which of the following are used to measure the effectiveness of autoclave sterilization

In reactions catalyzed by oxidoreductases an electron donor is

Formaldehyde must be handled with greater care than gluteraldehyde because it is

During elongation a charged tRNA first enters the ribosomal _______ site and then moves into the __________ site.

A germistatic agent would be effective on

Which of the following antimicrobial agents is the most toxic to humans

Which of the following procedures might be used to detect the presence of genetic sequences of a virus in a sample

Which of the following is involved in translation

DNA encoding a normal gene is inserted into cells from a patient with a defective form of the gene. Recombinant cells are identified and isolated, and returned to the patient's body. This is an example of

Which of the following interferes with cell wall synthesis by blocking alanine bridge formation

Which of the following occurs in eukaryotes but Not in prokaryotes

Which of the following is used for microbial control in fresh fruits and vegetables

What repair mechanism is most likely involved in repairing DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation

Which of the following is an example of sanitization

Which of the following antibiotics disrupts cytoplasmic membrane function

In coagulation, F+ cells

Pentamidine is an example of an antimicrobial that

Which of the following types of radiation causes the formation of damaging chemical bonds in DNA

Which of the following contributes to the packaging of bacterial chromosome

Several antiviral medications used to treat HIV interfere with

Bacterial DNA replication requires the enzyme gyrase, but eukaryotic replication does not. Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) inhibits gyrase activity. This is an example of

An antimicrobial that inhibits cell wall synthesis will result in which of the following

Infection of the ______ would be the hardest to treat with antimicrobial drugs

Mutagens are useful in biotechnology research for

Probes used for detecting genetic sequences are frequently composed of

Which of the following statements is CORRECT about bacterial transcription

What factors need to be considered when choosing a method of microbial control

Although glycolysis requires an input of ATP, this pathway results in a net gain of two ATP; therefore, it is________ pathway.

The cooperative activity of drugs such as beta-lactam antibiotics and clavulanic acid, a B-lactamase inhibitor, is known as

Which of the following statements is CORRECT about BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic DNA replication

In the compound lamivudine an -SH group replaces an -OH group found in cytosine. When used as a medication it will

Inhibitors of DNA synthesis specifically effective on prokaryotes are

Hydrogen peroxide is NOT an effective antiseptic because

A compound is extracted from a microbial culture and is modified in the laboratory for use as an oral medication. This product would be

The procedure known as "replica plating" is used in

Changes in temperature or pH can cause enzymes to lose activity. What is a common feature of these two effects

Who discovered the first antibiotic widely available to the general public

Bacillus licheniformis secretes a compound that inhibits the growth of other Gram- positive bacteria

Hydrolases are generally involved in _______ reactions

The process of _______ produces amino acids from precurser metabolites and ammonia

In gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules move toward the ______ electrodes because they have an overall _______ charge

Which of the following is the most appropriate pairing of microbe and biosafety level

The process of ______ is best described as semiconservative

Beta-lactam antibiotics have an effect on which of the following types of cells

A microarray is assembled using

If you started with a single DNA molecule, how many would you have at the end of six PCR cycles

The horizontal transfer process known as transduction

Which of the following types of plasmids facilitates the transfer of genetic material among bacteria

Which of the following occurs in DNA but Not RNA

A stationary broth culture contains 10 billion cells. The microbial death rate during autoclaving of this spent culture is 1.5 minutes. How long must it be autoclaved to be considered sterile

Which of the following procedures would be used to introduce DNA into a single mouse cell

Which of the following is a primary advantage of semisynthetic drugs

Which of the following is a sterilizing agent

Semiconservative DNA replication means that

The Ames test determines that a chemical is

Which of the following could be used to reduce production of harmful proteins in diseased animals

DNA replication and RNA transcription have many features in common. Which of the following does not occur in both processes

Which of the following are considered to be frameshift mutations

Gamma irradiation is a process for

Inducible operans

Ribozymes are required for

An antimicrobial agent that ______ will have the most lasting germicidal effect

Physical removal of microbes without killing them is

The metabolic processes called fermentation

________ may be achieved using chlorine dioxide

Which of the following causes mutations by creating thymine dimers

The procedure used to identify individuals by their unique genetic sequences is known as

Which of the following is measured in the broth dilution test

An effective tool for screening a large number of genetic sequences at once is known as

Which of the following restriction enzyme site would produce blunt-ended fragments

A researcher finds a mutant mouse with a phenotype that may have applications to human disease. What would be the most efficient means of identifying the mutated gene

The DNA double helix can be seperated into single strands using

Gluteraldehyde acts on microbes by

A wild-type organism and a genetic variant both have a gene encoding a receptor producing a chemotactic response to metabolite A. The genetic variant has a mutation in a regulatory gene for expression of the receptor. Which of the following statements with respect to the receptor is CORRECT

Chemical reactions that are reversible, proceeding anabolically or catabolically, are called

Which of the following pathways is specifically inhibited by trimethoprim

A northern blot differs from a southern blot in the

Which of the following procedures is currently the standard test used in the United States for evaluating the efficiency of antiseptics and disinfectants

Typically eukaryotic genomes are composed of _______ DNA molecules

Drug resistant populations of microbes arise when

Which of the following processes is involved in the "central dogma" of genetics

The individual serving of half & half used in restaurants is usually treated by

The CDC issued alerts about a bacterial strain known as NDM1(New Delhi metals-lactamase 1). What type of antibiotic resistance is indicated by the name

Disinfecting agents naturally produced by microorganisms are

Boiling water for 10 minutes is effective in ridding it of

DNA damage caused by ethidium bromide results in _______ mutations

A library of cloned sequences representing the expressed genes of an organism is known as a

A compound is structurally similar to PABA and inhibits folic acid synthesis. It is most likely a

Which of the following is a characteristic shared by DNA and RNA polymerases

Antimicrobial sugar analogs are effective for

Which of the following statements is True of bacterial plasmids

Which of the following can result when antibiotic therapy disrupts the normal microbiota

In aerobic non-photosynthetic organisms, the majority of ATP is generated by

The use of lysozyme during the preparation of cheeses and wines is effective in reducing the numbers of

Antimicrobial agents that damage nucleic acids also affect

A sulfonamide and trimethoprim may be administered in combination to

The heavy metal compound _____ is used as a preservative in some vaccines

Which of the following regulatory RNAs alter translation in response to environmental conditions

The first synthetic antimicrobial widely available for treatment of infections

The B-lactams are narrow spectrum antibacterials because

Replacing the defective gene responsible for sickle-cell anemia is an example of

A researcher has discovered a new metabolic product of a fungus that may have antimicrobial properties. Which method would be best for preparing the material for tests of its effect on bacteria

Air can be disinfected using

A medication which specifically targets cell walls that contain arabinogalactan-mycolic acid is

Which of the following is bacteriostatic

Filtration is a _____ method of achieving sterilization

Examples of recent accomplishments in the use of recombinant DNA technology include

The antimicrobial polymyxin is primarily effective for treating superficial infections with

The process of _______ requires the activity of DNA ligase

Many metabolites for anabolic pathways are produced by the ________ pathway

Most drugs that inhibit the synthesis of the cell wall act by

Which of the following is characteristic of prokaryotic genomes but NOT eukaryotic genomes

The therapeutic range of an antimicrobial is the

The mechanism of action of erythromycin is

Disinfectants that damage membranes include

The phenolic________ is present in many consumers products labeled "antibacterial "

Silvadene, a topical treatment for burns, contains 1% silver. What category of chemical control agent is in Silvadene

The process known as ______ is initiated with the incorporation of fMet

Ribavirin is an antiviral that interferes with

Synthesis of cDNA requires the use of

Which of the following is essential in PCR

Synthetic nucleic acids are produced using

Which of the following best describes flash pasteurization

The process of incineration is used for

During the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from pyruvic acid, ______ is produced

Sigma factors are involved in the regulation of bacterial

The detection of DNA by FISH makes use of

Specific DNA fragments can be isolated from a mixture of fragments using

An instrument that will come into contact with only the skin of a patient should be disinfected with a

Which of the following products of glucose catabolism is a substrate for fatty acid synthesis

A researcher inserted DNA fragments from an organism into plasmids and introduced the modified plasmids into bacterial cells. Which of the following methods would be the most efficient means of identifying which clones contain a specific gene of interest