Human Anatomy & Physiology: Ch 23. Digestive System Flashcards


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1

The terminal portion of the small intestine is known as the ________.

ileum

2

The function of a lacteal is to ____________________.

Absorption of fats and other nutrients.

3

Pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, is secreted by the ________.

Chief cells of the stomach.

4

In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach ________.

Initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins.

5

True or False

Food is contained in the gastrointestinal tract from the time of ingestion until it is completely digested and the waste prepared for elimination.

True

6

The sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called ________.

Mesenteries

7

Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed?

B12

8

You have just eaten french fries, buttered toast, ice cream, and whole milk. Which of the following glands would be active in helping you to digest this food?

The pancreas

9

True or False

The submucosa is in direct contact with food.

False

10

Gastrin is a digestive hormone that is responsible for the stimulation of acid secretions in the stomach. These secretions are stimulated by the presence of ________.

Protein and peptide fragments

11

True or False

Some of the microbes that often invade other organs of the body are rarely found in the stomach. The reason for this is the presence of HCl.

True

12

Which of the following enzymes is specific for proteins?
A) dextrinase
B) amylase
C) trypsin
D) lipase

C. Trypsin

13

True or False

The gall bladder stores and releases bile, but does not produce it.

True

14

Pancreatic amylase does not get to the small intestine via the ________.

Cystic duct

15

Chyme is created in the ________.

Stomach

16

Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged?
A) lipids
B) carbohydrates
C) proteins
D) starches

A. Lipids

17

Which of the following is not true of saliva?
A) cleanses the mouth
B) contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins
C) moistens food and aids in compacting of the bolus
D) dissolves food chemicals so they can be tasted

B. Contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins

18

Which of these is not a component of saliva?
A) lysozyme
B) a cyanide compound
C) defensins
D) nitric oxide

D. Nitric oxide

19

The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to ________.

B. Collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage

20

The major means of propelling food through the digestive tract is ________.

Peristalsis

21

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the stomach?
A) The stomach releases enzymes to digest carbohydrates.
B) The stomach mucosa is folded into rugae.
C) The stomach produces a double-layered coat of alkaline mucus.
D) The stomach has three layers of muscle in the muscularis tunic.

A. The stomach releases enzymes to digest carbohydrates.

22

What is the major digestive function of the pancreas?

Production of digestive enzymes

23

In the __________ phase of gastric secretion, chyme is moved into the duodenum.

Intestinal

24

Most digestion and absorption of nutrients occur in the __________.

Small Intestine

25

Which vitamins are made by the bacteria in the large intestine?

B complex and K vitamins

26

Which of the following processes occurs only in the large intestine?
A) Mechanical digestion
B) Absorption
C) Defecation
D) Deglutition

C. Defecation

27

An effective way to medically treat diarrhea would be to use a drug that ______.

Inhibits the activity of the myenteric nerve plexus

28

Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed?

B12

29

The final product of carbohydrate digestion is ____________________.

Glucose, fructose, and galactose

30

From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen.

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa

31

What part of the tooth bears the force of chewing?

cementum

32

Parietal cells of the stomach produce ________.

Mucin

33

True or False

The major stimulus for production of intestinal fluid is distention or irritation of the intestinal mucosa by hypertonic or acidic chyme.

True

34

In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach ________.

It is the first site where absorption takes place

35

Which of the following is not a phase of gastric secretion?
A) cephalic
B) gastric
C) intestinal
D) enterogastric

A. Cephalic

36

Nervous control of gastric secretion is provided by ________.

A. Somatic neurons in the spinal cord

37

Which of the following sphincters is under voluntary control?
A) Pyloric
B) Cardiac
C) Internal anal
D) External anal

D. External anal