What is the asexual process by which a cell divides to form two new cells?
Binary Fission
The proper term for CYTOPLASMIC division is.....
Cytokinesis
Referring to an organism that grows in the presence OR absence of oxygen gas.
Facultative
Referring to an organism that does not require free oxygen.
Anaerobe
A lab test in which a statistical evaluation is used to estimate the number of bacteria in a sample of fluid; often employed in determinations of coliform bacteria in water.
Most Probably Number (MPN)
Each bacterial cell on an agar growth medium that divides to produce a discrete colony.
Colony Forming Unit (CFU)
The time interval between bacterial divisions.
Generation Time
An organic substance that helps stabilize the proteins in a bacterial spore, therefore increasing spore resistance.
Dipicolinic Acid
The cloudiness of a broth culture due to a bacterial growth.
Turbidity
The final portion of a bacterial growth curve in which environmental factors overwhelm the population and induce death; also called death phase.
Decline Phase
The portion of a bacterial growth curve in which the reproductive and death rates of cells are equal.
Stationary Phase
The portion of a bacterial growth curve during which active growth leads to a rapid rise in cell numbers.
Llogarithmic Phase or Log Phase
Referring to a prokaryotic cell requiring low oxygen gas and a high concentration of carbon dioxide gas for metabolism.
Capnophilic
A measure of the viable cells by counting the number of colonies on a plate; each colony presumably started from one viable cell.
Colony Forming Unit
A prokaryote living under extremely high temperature environments.
Hyperthermophile
The initial portion of a bacterial growth curve during which time the cells are preparing for reproduction (binary fission).
Lag Phase
A bacterium not inhibited by oxygen gas.
Aerotolerant
An accumulation or colony of microorganisms of one species.
Pure Culture
A chemically undefined medium in which the nature and quantity of each component has not been identified.
Complex Medium
A growth medium in which special nutrients are added to get a species to grow.
Enriched Medium
A microorganism that grows at acidic pH's below 4.
Acidophile
A procedure to estimate the number of cells in a sample dilution spread on an agar plate.
Standard plate count
A growth medium in which different species of microorganisms can be distinguished visually.
Differential medium
An organism that live in cold temperature ranges from 0-20 Celsius.
Psychrophiles
Referring to microorganisms that grow at 0*C but have a temperature optima of 20*C-40*C.
Psychrotolarent
Estimation of the number of cells by observation with the light microscope.
Direct microscopic count.
An extremely resistant dormant cell produced by some gram positive bacterial species.
Endospores
A process by which a mixed culture can be separated into pure colonies and the colonies isolated.
Pour plate method
Referring to an organism that grows best in an oxygen reduced environment.
Microaerophile
An archaeal organism living in an extreme environments.
Extremophile
A bacterial medium that binds oxygen gas from the atmosphere and creates an environment suitable for anaerobic growth.
Thioglycollate broth
A chemically defined medium in which the nature and quantity of each component is identified.
Synthetic medium
An organism that grows only in the absence of oxygen gas.
Obligate Anaerobe
A polysaccharide derived from marine seaweed that is used as a solidifying agent in many microbiological culture media
Agar
A common bacteriological growth medium consisting of beef extract, peptone, water and agar.
Nutrient Agar
An archaeal organism living in an extremely acidic environment.
Extreme halophile
Referring to prokaryotes that are viable but not culturable.
VBNC
An organism living in environments with high concentrations of salt.
Halophile
A process by which a mixed culture can be streaked onto an agar plate and pure colonies isolated.
Streak Plate Method
A growth medium that contains ingredients to inhibit certain microorganisms while encouraging the growth of others.
Selective medium
A microorganism that lives under conditions of high atmospheric pressure.
Barophile
The second portion of a bacterial growth curve, in which active growth leads to a rapid rise in cell numbers.
Llogarithmic or Log phase
A microbe that grows best without salt but can tolerate low concentrations.
Halotolerant
The process of spore formation.
Sporulation
An organism that does not require or cannot use oxygen gas for metabolism.
Anaerobe
An organism that cannot use oxygen gas for metabolism.
Obligate anaerobe
The time duration for a cell to double in number.
Generation time
A growth medium containing special nutrients used to grow fastidious organisms.
Enriched medium
A differential growth medium that encourages the growth of staphylococci by containing a high percentage of salt, which is inhibitory to most other microorganisms.
Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA)
A prokaryote that has an optimal growth temperature above 80*C.
Hyperthermophile
An organism that grows best in an oxygen reduced environment.
Microanaerobe
A microorganism that cannot grow in the presence of added sodium chloride
Nonhalophile
An organism that requires oxygen gas for metabolism.
Obligate Aerobe
An organism that lives in high temperature ranges of 40*C-90*C.
Thermophile
A chemically defined medium in which the components are not known.
Complex medium
The form of reproduction that maintains genetic constancy while increasing cell number.
Asexual reproduction
A bacterium not inhibited by oxygen gas
Aerotolerant
An organism that that grows in temperature ranges of 20*C-40*C.
Mesophiles
The production of ATP in the presence of an inorganic final electron acceptor other than oxygen gas.
Anaerobic respiration
The slowing down or prevention of a metabolic pathway when excess end product binds noncompetitively to an enzyme in the pathway.
Feedback inhibition
A cyclic series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions in which carbon Acetyl-CoA is released as carbon dioxide; the reactions also yield protons and high-energy electrons that are transported among coenzymes and cytochromes as their energy is released.
Krebs cycle
A biochemical process in which light energy is converted to chemical energy and used in carbohydrate synthesis.
Photosynthesis
A biochemical process in which amino groups are enzymatically removed from amino acids or other organic compound.
Deamination
An anabolic, energy-requiring process.
Endergonic reaction
An organism that uses light energy to synthesize nutrients from carbon compounds other than carbon dioxide.
Photoheterotroph
An organic molecule that forms the nonprotein part of an enzyme molecule
Coenzyme
A metal ion that is needed for enzyme function.
Cofactor
An organism that derives energy from organic chemicals and uses the energy to synthesize carbon compounds other than carbon dioxide.
Chemoheterotroph
The substance(s) in which an enzyme acts.
Substrate
The sum of all biochemical processes taking place in a living cell.
Metabolism
The region of the enzyme where the substrate binds.
Active site
A pigmented molecule that functions in photosynthesis; exists free in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes and within the chloroplasts of eukaryotes.
Chlorophyll
The production of ATP using the organic compound Pyruvate as the final electron receptor.
Fermentation
The use of a proton gradient across a membrane to generate cellular energy in the form of ATP.
Chemiosmosis
A six-carbon sugar used as a major energy source for metabolism.
Glucose
A type of heterotrophic organism that feeds on dead organic matter, such as rotting wood or compost.
Saprobe
A pigment located in the membrane systems of purple sulfur bacteria that upon excitement by light, loses electrons and initiates photosynthetic reactions.
Bacteriochlorophyll
The inhibition of enzyme function through the binding of a molecule to a non-active site on the enzyme.
Noncompetitive Inhibition
A chemical process releasing energy
Exergonic
A series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions in which glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate with a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.
Glycolysis
The gain of electrons by a molecule.
Reduction
A chemical change in which electrons are lost by an atom.
Oxidation
A type of heterotrophic organism that feeds on live organic matter such as another organism.
Parasite
An organism that uses light energy to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide.
Photoautotroph
A form of photosynthesis in which molecular oxygen is produced.
Oxygenic Photosynthesis
A group of pigments that act as a light trapping system for photosynthesis
Photosystem
A substance(s) resulting from a chemical reaction
Product