How much calcium (mg)would typically be absorbed by a normal adult with a calcium intake of 1,000 mg?
300
Some amino acids can link to each other by bridges made of
Sulfur
Which of the following people are known risk for potassium depletion?
Those who ingest low amounts of fresh fruits/vegetables
What is the major intracelluar cation?
Potassium
Which of the following describes a way to make an electrolyte solution?
Dissolve a teaspoon of salt in a glass of water
Which of the following is a feature of type I osteoporosis?
It can be prevented by taking estrogen
Which of the following minerals is required in the enzymatic phoshorylation of ADP?
Magnesium
The outer, hard shell of bone is called
Cortical bone.
Which of the following is the primary function of potassium?
Acts as principal intracelluar electrolyte
Which of the following regulates the level of calcium in the blood?
Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
Approximately what percentage of the body's calcium is found in the blood?
1
What percentage of hip fractures in men and women are due to osteoporosis?
80-90
Which of the following does NOT serve as a major regulator of fluid balance in the body?
Calcium
Which of the following is a feature of magnesium in nutrition?
Average intakes from food are below recommedations
Which of the follwing is a feature of sodium nutrition?
The AI for young adults is only 1500 mg because the body processes an unusually efficient retention mechanism
Among the following ethnic groups, which has the highest bone density?
African-Americans
All of the following are characteristics of dolomite supplements EXCEPT
They are usually sold as a very pure product
All of the following are known to enhance calcium absorption from the GI tract EXCEPT
Oxalates
How many mg of calcium are present in a 500-mg tablet of calcium carbonate?
200
Among the following groups, which has the highest percentage of body water?
Obese people
The development of osteoporosis in men typically occurs at what age in relation to the appearance of osteoporosis?
10 years later
What is the greatest single source of sodium in the diet?
Processed foods
All of the following are characteristics of phosphorus in nutrition EXCEPT
The ratio of phosphorus to calcium in the diet is important for bone maintenance
which of the following is a general characteristic of sodium in processesed foods?
Salted peanuts contain less sodium than cereals on a per-gram basis
All of the following characteristics are shared by calcium and magnesium EXCEPT
both are found in abundance in dairy products
All of the following dietary substances are known to adversely affect calcium balance EXCEPT
A high-fiber diet
Which of the following is a feature of potassium?
Liberal intakes may correct hypertension
What is calmodulin?
A calcium-binding protein
Abnormally low blood sodium concentration is known specifically as
hyponatremia
What is the minimum water intake for a 65-kg adult with an energy expenditure of 2,500 kcalories?
2,500 mL
Sam has recently been diagnosed with high blood pressure . His doctor recommended adopting the DASH diet plan. Along with including more fruits, vegatables, and whole grains, he was also advised to reduce daily sodium intake to no more than 2000 mg. How much salt (g) would be allowed under Sam's restriction?
5
What percentage of people with osteoporosis are female?
80
For optimal utilization of calcium supplements, it is best to take them several times a day, in does to
500 mg
What component of soy is thought to account for most of its beneficial effects on bone health?
Phytochemicals
What adverse response is known to occur in people who drink copious amounts of water while participating in intense physical activity?
Hyponatremia
Common side effects of taking a high-dose calcium supplement include allof the following EXCEPT
Increased iron absorption
What is hydroxyapatite?
The calcium-rich crystalline structure of teeth and bones
Calcium-binding protein acts within the
Intestines
Which of the following is a major function of chloride?
Helps maintain gastric acidity