What type of reaction is required to bind 2 molecules of glycine together & release a molecule of water?
Condensation
What is the Daily Value for protein based on 2000-kcalorie intake?
50g
What is an oligopeptide?
A string of about 4-9 amino acids
All of the following are fates of amino acids in the intestinal tract except
some may be used for synthesis of gastric protease.
What is meant by the amino acid sequence of a protein?
Order of amino acids in the peptide chain
A reference protein equals or exceeds the essential amino acid requirements of all of the following population groups except
infants
After digestion of proteins, what products are absorbed into the circulation?
Free amino acids, and a few dipeptides & tripeptides
Which of the following would you not expect to see in a person with kwashiorkor?
Increased physical activity
Jim, a college baseball player, tells you that he has started to take glutamine supplements. How would you advise him?
Since single amino acids do not occur naturally in foods, they offer no benefit to the body & may even be harmful
Which of the following is a consequence of excess protein intake?
Increased production & excretion of urea
What amino acid has been linked to the development of the rare blood disorder eosinophilia myalgia in people who took it as a supplement?
Tryptophan
In the metabolism of amino acids for energy, what is the fate of the amino group?
Excreted as urea
What protein is intimately involved in the formation of scar tissue in wound healing?
Collagen
Which of the following may be used to determine protein utilization?
Nitrogen balance
Terms used to classify amino acids in the diet include all of the following except
partially essential.
What is the percent digestibility of most animal proteins?
90-99
What is the process by which heat or acidity disrupts the normal shape of a protein chain?
Denaturation
What is meant by protein turnover?
The synthesis & degradation of body proteins
In the study of protein nutrition, what term describes the amount of amino acids absorbed from a given amount of protein consumed?
Digestibility
What is the structure of an enzyme?
Protein
What is the percentage of total energy derived from protein in a diet containing 50 grams of protein & 2000 kcalories?
10
Which of the following is the most likely side effect of high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet?
Increased thirst
Protein-hydrollyzing enzymes are commonly known as
proteases.
How do sodium & potassium travel into & out of cells?
There are transport proteins within the cell membrane that pick up & release the minerals across the membran
Which of the following is a feature of protein nutrition?
The protein RDA assumes that dietary protein is from a mix of low- and high- quality sources
What is the most likely reason for a person to have abnormally high blood ammonia levels?
Liver dysfunction
Which of the following describes a relationship between protein/amino acids & heart disease?
Elevated blood homocysteine levels are associated w/smoking cigarettes & drinking alcohol
Which of the following processes is regulated primarily by the buffering action of proteins?
pH balance
The conditions known as acidosis & alkalosis refer to a disruption of the body's
pH balance.
In kwashiorkor, what mineral is often present in an unbound form that promotes bacterial growth?
Iron
In general, the protein quality of legumes would be most improved by the addition of a plant protein rich in
methionine.
What type of protein would the body make in order to heal wound?
Collagen
The disease phenylketonuria is related chiefly to abnormal metabolism of
a certain amino acid.
Which of the following defines protein turnover?
The sum of protein synthesis & degradation
Which of the following is involved in the clotting of blood?
Fibrin
What is the usual initial therapy for the treatment of kwashiorkor?
Fluid balance restoration
The study of how food interacts with genes is known as
nutritional genomics
If protein needs are expressed per kilogram of body weight, which of the following describes the requirements of infants?
Greater than adults
All of the following assumptions are made by the committee in setting the RDA for protein except
the fat content of the diet will be high.
A dispensable amino acid is one that
can be synthesized by the body.