Radiographic Pathology Chapter 2 Flashcards

The first modality capable of producing images without the use of ionizing radiation was:

a. ultrasound

b. magnetic resonance imaging

c. nuclear medicine

d. computerized tomography

Which of the following was the first modality to provide sectional anatomy images with increase visibility of soft-tissue structures?

a. conventional tomography

b. computed tomography

c. positron emission tomography

d. magnetic resonance imaging

With the integration of strong magnets and radio frequencies, high resolution soft-tissue imaging in multiple planes became available with:

a. nuclear medicine

b. single-photon emission computed tomography

c. computed tomography

d. magnetic resonance imaging

Single-photon emission computed tomography took nuclear medicine imaging concepts and added the use of:

a. new pharmaceuticals

b. new pulsing sequences

c. gamma camera movement

d. stronger frequency transducers

Which of the following uses gamma-emitting radionuclides to produce images?

a. x-ray images

b. nuclear medicine images

c. PET images

d. sonography images

Molecular imaging advancements using a positron-emitting radiopharmaceutical is:

a. SPECT

b. CAT

c. MRI

d. PET

The superimposition of images from two different digital modalities produces images:

a. of anatomic and physiologic perpectives

b. using software for image integration

c. from hybrid equipment, such at PET-CT

d. all of the above

The complexity of technology requires the radiographer to:

a. have a more specific skill set

b. have an extensive knowledge of anatomy

c. have computer networking classes

d. A and B

Which of the following specialized imaging techniques provides cross-sectional images at a low cost, is readily available, and has the ability to differentiate cystic, solid, and complex tissue?

a. sonography

b. CT

c. MRI

d. PET

In ultrasound the high frequency sound waves are produced by:

a. sound waves emanating from the body

b. electrical stimulation of a specialized crystal

c. magnets and pulse radiofrequencies

d. radiopharmaceuticals

Reflections in ultrasound produced by tissue interaction are called:

a. isoechoic

b. echoes

c. pulses

d. frequencies

Fluid-filled structures transmitting sound waves easily and appearing as a dark region on the image are _____ tissue.

a. hyperechoic

b. hypoechoic

c. anechoic

d. isoechoic

The major advantage of ultrasound is:

a. no adverse effects on human tissue

b. ability to image anatomy in cross-section

c. ionizing radiation is used to produce an image

d. only low energy gamma radiation is used to produce an image

To produce quantitative data in ultrasound, the equipment must:

a. integrate real-time imaging with sono CT

b. include harmonic technology

c. fuse conventional real-time with Doppler imaging

d. have multifrequency transucer

To demonstrate stenosis, blood clots, plaques, and emboli requires:

a. a multifrequecy transducer

b. a color-flow duplex system

c. sono CT real-time compound imaging

d. harmonic imaging

Using a narrow x-ray beam and scanning from multiple angles, the amount of radiation absorbed in tissue is represented by:

a. a relative line attenuation coefficient

b. data for computer reconstruction

c. a gray scale on the computer monitor

d. all of the above

The attenuation of a specific tissue relative to water is the:

a. CT number

b. echo coefficient

c. positron absorption

d. pulse sequence

Window width in CT controls:

a. density

b. gray scale

c. midrage densities

d. resolution

The midpoint or center of the number of densities being viewed in a selected window on CT is the:

a. window width

b. pulse width

c. window level

d. x-ray level

High-resolution CT requires the slice sections to be:

a. 1.5 to 2.0 mm

b. 2 to 5 mm

c. 5 to 10 mm

d. 1 to 2 cm